MRI diffusion tensor reconstruction with PROPELLER data acquisition

MRI diffusion imaging is effective in measuring the diffusion tensor in brain, cardiac, liver, and spinal tissue. Diffusion tensor tomography MRI (DTT MRI) method is based on reconstructing the diffusion tensor field from measurements of projections of the tensor field. Projections are obtained by appropriate application of rotated diffusion gradients. In the present paper, the potential of a novel data acquisition scheme, PROPELLER (Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction), is examined in combination with DTT MRI for its capability and sufficiency for diffusion imaging. An iterative reconstruction algorithm is used to reconstruct the diffusion tensor field from rotated diffusion weighted blades by appropriate rotated diffusion gradients. DTT MRI with PROPELLER data acquisition shows significant potential to reduce the number of weighted measurements, avoid ambiguity in reconstructing diffusion tensor parameters, increase signal-to-noise ratio, and decrease the influence of signal distortion.     

Adaptive data acquisition algorithm in Raman distributed temperature measurement system

The sampling rate of data acquisition card (DAQ) employed in Raman distributed temperature sensor (RDTS) system is set to be constant, which exceeds 100 MHz for a higher spatial resolution of 1 m. The acquired data need to be averaged tens of thousands times to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). High-speed DAQ and cumulative average algorithm put forward higher request to the hardware device and the stability of data transmission between DAQ and computer. In this paper we propose a new adaptive data acquisition algorithm to regulate the sampling rate automatically according to the changes of data. The theoretical simulation of this algorithm in RDTS is analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the amount of computation is reduced efficiently and the measurement time is decreased correspondingly.     

Large scale data acquisition of simultaneous MRI and speech

We describe an arrangement for simultaneous recording of speech and vocal tract geometry in patients undergoing surgery involving this area. Experimental design is considered from an articulatory phonetic point of view. The speech signals are recorded with an acoustic-electrical arrangement. The vocal tract is simultaneously imaged with MRI. A MATLAB-based system controls the timing of speech recording and MR image acquisition. The speech signals are cleaned from acoustic MRI noise by an adaptive signal processing algorithm. Finally, a vowel data set from pilot experiments is qualitatively compared both with validation data from the anechoic chamber and with Helmholtz resonances of the vocal tract volume, obtained using FEM.     

Condition number as a measure of noise performance of diffusion tensor data acquisition schemes with MRI

Diffusion tensor mapping with MRI can noninvasively track neural connectivity and has great potential for neural scientific research and clinical applications. For each diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data acquisition scheme, the diffusion tensor is related to the measured apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) by a transformation matrix. With theoretical analysis we demonstrate that the noise performance of a DTI scheme is dependent on the condition number of the transformation matrix. To test the theoretical framework, we compared the noise performances of different DTI schemes using Monte-Carlo computer simulations and experimental DTI measurements. Both the simulation and the experimental results confirmed that the noise performances of different DTI schemes are significantly correlated with the condition number of the associated transformation matrices. We therefore applied numerical algorithms to optimize a DTI scheme by minimizing the condition number, hence improving the robustness to experimental noise. In the determination of anisotropic diffusion tensors with different orientations, MRI data acquisitions using a single optimum b value based on the mean diffusivity can produce ADC maps with regional differences in noise level. This will give rise to rotational variances of eigenvalues and anisotropy when diffusion tensor mapping is performed using a DTI scheme with a limited number of diffusion-weighting gradient directions. To reduce this type of artifact, a DTI scheme with not only a small condition number but also a large number of evenly distributed diffusion-weighting gradients in 3D is preferable.     

Diffuse scattering data acquisition techniques

Techniques are presented for acquiring and reducing X-ray diffuse scattering data from disordered crystalline materials. These methods are part of a comprehensive approach to study disorder in novel quasicrystalline phases as a function of temperature, but can be applied without further adaptation to periodic crystalline systems. By fully exploiting the possibilities of modern two-dimensional X-ray detector systems - using imaging plates or charge coupled devices (CCD) - large volumes of reciprocal space can be measured in a quantitative and rapid way. For this purpose, the classical rotation method for collecting integrated Bragg intensities is extended for acquiring quasi-continuous diffuse diffraction data. A new high-temperature furnace and helium beam path, designed for the diffraction geometry of the rotation method, are integral parts of the diffraction system. New methods are presented for handling the reduction of diffuse diffraction data from area detectors. One of the key techniques is the reconstruction of arbitrary slices and volumes in reciprocal space from a single series of rotation images taken from an arbitrarily oriented single-crystal (reciprocal space mapping).     

PC-compatible optical data acquisition unit

A personal computer compatible optical data acquisition unit is described. The unit hardware architecture consists of optical analog sensors, optical digital sensors, and standard digital-to-analog converters. It can be accessed and programmed using a variety of programming languages. The unit has several applications in color sorting, data communication, aerospace guidance, and remote optical sensing.     

Improvement of 3D acquisition and visualization in MRI.

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization techniques are becoming an ever more important aid in the interpretation of tomographic data. Up to now, however, they have not received widespread use in MRI, because both acquisition and visualization techniques have been inadequate. In this paper we describe new 3D acquisition techniques which can acquire up to 128 slices with a resolution of 256 x 256 pixels in from 8 to 20 min. These techniques produce 3D data sets with excellent contrast and few motion artifacts, which are very well suited for 3D visualization techniques. For the visualization we investigate several rendering techniques, describe some improvements and compare their results. We found that there is no single method which renders all objects equally well. We show which shading method is best suited for different objects and why the other methods fail. Our studies suggest that in a 3D view with several objects each object should be rendered with a separate shading method. In so doing, 3D views can be generated which look like the real human anatomy.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的多路水声信号同步采集及处理平台设计

本文介绍了虚拟仪器技术在水声信号处理研究中的一个具体应用,利用LabVIEW语言编程,在NI公司高速数据采集硬件平台上实现了高采样率下多通道数据的同步采集、处理、记录功能,并在不使用信号处理机的情况下,利用主控单板机的单核CPU完成了32通道常规波束成形(CBF)的实时计算。同时,本文对非DSP硬件平台的实时信号处理实现方法进行了初步的研究。     

Automatic data acquisition and analysis in activation experiments

A system for the automatic acquisition and analysis of gamma-ray spectra that is used in the studies of photonuclear reactions with the activation technique in described. The system is comprised of a database, which is used to access data over a network, and of a spectrum analysis program. Experimental procedures and data analysis are greatly simplified with the use of the described system.     

Microcomputer based data acquisition for audio signals

The problem of interfacing a low cost microcomputer—the Commodore 3032—to external devices is reviewed. The essential features of a general purpose interface unit are described and an explanation is given, in general terms, of how this unit can be used to transfer digitised samples of audio signals to 3032 user memory for software processing. A specific system is described which allows sampling and storage at rates of up to 71 kbytes per second for a single channel and up to $\text{43 kbytes × 2}$ per second for two channels. More than two channels can be sampled at correspondingly lower rates. Some possible applications are indicated.     

图像数据异地采集同步电路设计

在兵器靶场测试中,为了获得不同位置弹丸炸点同一时刻的图像,需要将多台异地测量站放置的摄像机同步采集图像数据,提出了图像数据异地同步采集方案,采用GPS技术设计了一种高精度时统系统。该系统采用GPS授时,由时统控制电路和计数器电路实现本地时钟功能,记录每个测量站摄像机起拍时间,从而实现图像数据采集的异地同步,同步精度可以达到微秒级。     

An ESPI apparatus with multichannel data acquisition

An ESPI (Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry) apparatus employing a linear photodiodes array for multichannel data acquisition is described. The technique is applied for measurements of normal displacements of surfaces when time and space resolutions are required.     

高精度光电数据采集系统的实验研究

针对光电弱信号检测,采用Σ-ΔAD转换器AD7706和AVR单片机ATmega8515设计了适用于低频量测量的高精度数据采集器,采用Σ-ΔAD转换器ADC16471、AVR单片机ATmega8515、C51单片机C8051F020和以太网控制器RTL8019AS设计了适用于高精度线阵CCD的数据采集器,并分别对两套数据采集器进行了实验研究与性能分析。     

基于PCI总线的多通道图像数据高速采集

根据立体测绘相机的数据传输要求,需要将多个图像数据源产生的异步图像数据传输和存储到计算机上,研究和实现了一种实用的完整解决方案。采用FPGA对多个图像数据进行组合,在FPGA内部进行一级缓存,将异步的图像数据源,变换成同步数据,经过独立的FIFO芯片对图像数据进行缓存,方便总线繁忙时对图像进行缓存;然后通过专用的PCI接口芯片,将图像数据传输到PCI总线上;使用DriverWorks进行驱动程序的设计,将数据存入内存中,通过应用程序显示及存储于硬盘中。     

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy fusion of sensor data

A framework is proposed, which consolidates the benefits of a fuzzy rationale and a neural system. The framework joins together Kalman separating and delicate processing guideline i.e. ANFIS to structure an effective information combination strategy for the target following framework. A novel versatile calculation focused around ANFIS is proposed to adjust logical progressions and to weaken the questionable aggravation of estimation information from multisensory. Fuzzy versatile combination calculation is a compelling device to make the genuine quality of the leftover covariance steady with its hypothetical worth. ANFIS indicates great taking in and forecast proficiencies, which makes it a productive device to manage experienced vulnerabilities in any framework. A neural system is presented, which can concentrate the measurable properties of the samples throughout the preparation sessions. Reproduction results demonstrate that the calculation can successfully alter the framework to adjust context oriented progressions and has solid combination capacity in opposing questionable data. This sagacious estimator is actualized utilizing Matlab/Simulink and the exhibitions are explored.     

基于PCIe总线的数据采集卡设计与实现

为了实现对多路高速光信号采集,利用FPGA设计基于PCIe总线的数据采集系统。对PCIe总线低速Slave通道与高速DMA通道的关键算法进行了研究。首先,介绍了数据采集卡的硬件构成及基本工作原理,提出了PCIe总线算法需要解决的数据传输问题;然后,分析数据采集卡PCIe总线低速Slave通道和高速DMA通道原理以及实现的关键算法。通过Modelsim和SignalTap工具分别对数据传输算法进行功能验证和在线仿真;最后,将设计数据采集卡互联PCIe上位机进行实际测试。实验结果表明,本设计PCIe总线采用X4接口模式,数据传输系统的数据上传峰值速率为615.38MB/s,可以满足稳定可靠、高带宽、模块化等要求。