Second-harmonic generation of semiconductor quantum dots studied by near-field optical microscopy

We present a theoretical study of optical second-harmonic generation(SHG) of symmetric semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) excited by the near field of the tip in a near-field scanning optical microscope. We show that the usual optical transition selection rules for the SH nonlinear interaction between the tip field and the QD are broken when the tip is scanned over the QD, because the tip field varies rapidly over the QD domain. It is also demonstrated that the tip-position dependence of the SH signal essentially maps the spatial distribution of the tip field.     

Second-harmonic generation with a high-index-clad waveguide

Theoretical and experimental analyses of second-harmonic generation (SHG) with a high-index-clad waveguide are reported. It was found that confinement of the propagation modes and the overlap between the fields of fundamental and second-harmonic waves could be increased in this waveguide. This structure was achieved in an x-cut MgO:LiNbO (3) quasi-phase-matched (QPM) waveguide by use of Nb(2)O(5) as a cladding layer. With the QPM SHG device, harmonic blue light of 5.5 mW at the 434-nm wavelength was generated with a normalized conversion efficiency of 1200%/W cm(2).     

Second-harmonic generation at interfaces

Second-harmonic light can be generated at dye coated surfaces of fused silica. By changing either the angle of incidence or the frequency of the fundamental, phase matching of signals produced at the two surfaces of a plane-parallel plate has been achieved. The interaction of light from multiple internal reflections has also been studied.     

Second-harmonic generation in a layer with variable susceptibility

The weak nonlinearity limit of the second-harmonic generation in a medium with variable second-order susceptibility, changing along the direction of propagation of interacting waves according to the hyperbolic secant law, is considered. It is shown that the variation of the second harmonic’s normalized intensity with the spatial coordinate is given in terms of the solution to an auxiliary linear problem, which is known as the Rosen-Zener quantum two-level model. The final intensity of the second harmonic at the exit from the medium is calculated and analyzed. It is shown that, for the particular Rosen-Zener profile under consideration, because of its inherent properties, the variation range of the peak susceptibility of the layer for which the medium can be strictly considered as weakly nonlinear is narrower than the corresponding parameter range for a homogeneous medium.     

Second-harmonic generation in a doubly resonant semiconductor microcavity

We demonstrate second-harmonic generation in a doubly resonant semiconductor microcavity. The monolithic cavity consists of an AlGaAs active medium sandwiched between two AlGaAs/AlAs dual-wavelength mirrors. The mirrors do not have any apparent periodicity because, unlike single- or dual-wavelength Bragg reflectors, they are engineered with dispersion taken into account. Quasi-phase matching is obtained by addition of the appropriate phases at reflection so as to compensate for the dephasing between the fundamental and the second-harmonic fields.     

Second-harmonic generation in vortex-induced waveguides

We study the second-harmonic generation and localization of light in a reconfigurable waveguide induced by an optical vortex soliton in a defocusing Kerr medium. We show that the vortex-induced waveguide greatly improves conversion efficiency from the fundamental to the second-harmonic field.     

Second-harmonic generation in centro-symmetric semiconductors

Summary The crystallographic dependence of optical-second-harmonic generation (SHG) in Si and Ge single crystals is obtained with 10 ps pulses at 527 nm and at incident fluences above the threshold for laser melting of the crystal lattice. We find that the experimentally observed dependence of SHG on crystal orientation remains unchanged up to the damage limit. Observed selection rules are analysed in terms of various possible contributions.

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Riassunto Generazione della seconda armonica ottica è ottenuta nei monocristalli di Si e Ge con impulsi laser di 10 ps, a 527 nm, e con densità di energia inpingente superiore all soglia per la fuzione del reticolo cristallino. Si osserva che la seconda armonica mantiene la propria dipendenza dall' orientazione cristallografica, indipendente dal valore della densità di energia che è incidente sulla superficie cristallina, fino alla soglia del danno. Il mutamento d'intensità di generazione a secondo orientazione cristallografica e piano di polarizzazione è stato analizzato in funzione di vari contributi probabili.

     

非线性左手材料中的二次谐波

基于电磁场理论，推导了无耗非线性左手材料中二次谐波的曼利－诺关系，及相位匹配条件下正向基波与逆向二次谐波的能量转换过程及其空间分布.验证了可将无耗非线性左手材料的入射面作为反射镜，把能量以二次谐波的形式反射.同时分别给出有限厚度介质板中基波和二次谐波的场强分布数值结果，验证了结论的正确性.最后从相位失配角度说明了相位匹配是分析非线性左手材料二次谐波的重要条件.这为研究左手材料的非线性理论奠定了基础.     

Second-harmonic generation in graded metallic films

We study the effective second-harmonic generation (SHG) susceptibility in graded metallic films by invoking the local field effects exactly and further numerically demonstrate that graded metallic films can serve as a novel optical material for producing a broad structure in both the linear and the SHG response and an enhancement in the SHG signal.     

Second-harmonic generation in GaAs-based quantum-cascade lasers

We report second-harmonic (SH) and sum-frequency generation in GaAs-based quantum-cascade lasers. A doping dependence study of the second-order susceptibility in one of the investigated structure is shown. We also demonstrate that grating-coupled surface emission is a highly efficient way to couple out the SH radiation.     

Second-harmonic generation in GaAs-based quantum-cascade lasers

We report second-harmonic (SH) and sum-frequency generation in GaAs-based quantum-cascade lasers. A doping dependence study of the second-order susceptibility in one of the investigated structure is shown. We also demonstrate that grating-coupled surface emission is a highly efficient way to couple out the SH radiation.     

Second-harmonic generation of polarization singularities

Second-harmonic generation was studied theoretically for the vector singularities (daisy modes) of linearly polarized light and for the elliptic singularities (C points) of elliptically polarized light. Topological charge doubling for C points and daisy modes, similar to that found for vortices, was found. Unlike for vortices, however, it was found that for both C points and daisy modes the sign of the charge is reversed; for C points the photon spin or handedness (right or left) is also reversed; and for daisy modes the number of intensity petals is not doubled. These findings are all unexpected because neither charge nor spin nor orbital angular momentum is conserved for C points, whereas a daisy mode in which the number of intensity petals does not equal twice the magnitude of the charge is anomalous.     

Second-harmonic generation with traveling-wave pulses

We experimentally studied properties of traveling-wave excitation and traveling-wave pulse compression for a Nd : glass laser system with a streak camera. These properties were extended to second-harmonic generation with a type-11 KDP crystal. We found that the second-harmonic pulse generated from the chirped-fundamental pulse also has a good chirp linearity, but the spectral bandwidth and temporal duration were reduced. We demonstrated the effective subpulse suppression in the compressed pulse with the second-harmonic generation. The pulse with tilted wave front, short wavelength and high contrast ratio can be obtained by the second-harmonic generation of traveling-wave pulse.     

Superlensing approach to a long-focus near-field probe

The present work considers the possibility of constructing a long-focus near-field probe owing to superlensing properties of a metal film at appropriate optical frequencies. Numerical modeling of a simple system of a screened dipole demonstrates the improvement of the field confinement behind the screen, even in comparison with a closer bare dipole. Behavior of the field confinement behind the screen can be considered as near-field focusing and holds great promise in the construction of a remote probe for near-field optics.     

Second-harmonic generation in thermally poled chalcohalide glass

Second-harmonic generation in 60GeS(2)-20Ga(2)S(3)-20KBr chalcohalide glass was investigated by the thermal poling method. A large second-order nonlinear susceptibility, as high as 7.0 pm/V, was obtained in a poled sample by Maker fringe analysis. We believe this to be the first time that a clear second-harmonic wave was observed in chalcohalide glasses containing large amount of alkali ions (6.25 at. %). Such observation is of great potential use in all optical waveguide devices.     

Second-harmonic generation from complementary split-ring resonators

We present experiments on second-harmonic generation from arrays of magnetic split-ring resonators and arrays of complementary split-ring resonators. In both cases, the fundamental resonance is excited by the incident femtosecond laser pulses under normal incidence, leading to comparably strong second-harmonic signals. These findings are discussed in terms of Babinet's principle and in terms of a recently developed microscopic classical theory that leads to good agreement regarding the relative and the absolute nonlinear signal strengths. The hydrodynamic convective contribution is found to be the dominant source of second-harmonic generation--in contrast to a previous assignment [Science 313, 502 (2006)].