博士论文录

 函数的一些物理过程以及目前存在的一些关于强子波函数的唯象模型.本文的第二部分是作者的研究成果.在关于手征对称性自发破缺的研究中,作者提出了一种用关于夸克凝聚的自洽方程确定重整化群不变的夸克凝聚数值的方法,计算了发生动力学自发破缺强耦合常数的阈值.在单圈、双圈近似下分别计算了夸克凝聚的数值,得到了合理的结果.同时给出了一种发生动力学自发破缺的图象.     

高温QCD的耦合常数和退禁闭相变

用有限温度场论中重整化群方法,研究了QCD的有效耦合常数的温度依赖性,发现高温时耦合常数在全动量区都很小,体现出了QCD的退禁闭特征.     

高温QCD的耦合常数和退禁闭相变

用有限温度场论中重整化群方法,研究了QCD的有效耦合常数的温度依赖性,发现高温时耦合常数在全动量区都很小,体现出了QCD的退禁闭特征。     

量子色动力学中的动力学自发破缺

本文用重整化群方程和Dyson方程研究了量子色动力学（QCD）中的动力学自发破缺问题.指出:（1）研究QCD中A类模型的动力学自发破缺这类非微扰问题时,电磁作用（和弱作用）的贡献是不能忽略的.（2）对许多实际模型（A类模型）来说,在QCD渐近自由时,对层子间的电磁作用做弱耦合近似的计算后,得到动力学自发破缺出现的结论.如果现在量子电动力学仍能用Johnson-Baker-Willey的自洽处理,或β_e有一紫外稳定固定点e_∞≠0（β_e的简单零点）且e_∞不太大,则上述结论在电磁作用的计算超出弱耦合近似时仍成立.     

QCD手征对称性动力学破缺的有效势研究

本文从无质量夸克的QCD拉氏量出发, 引入双线性外源, 导出了作为复合算子(夸克传播子和胶子传播子)泛函的有效势表示. 从而得出传播子的Dyson-Schwinger方程. 方程具有两组解, 一组解保持手征对称性, 另一组解使手征对称性自发破缺. 通过讨论方程的渐近解, 发现当耦合常数α>1/4时, QCD手征对称性将自发破缺; 当α<1/4时QCD手征对称性仍然保持. 利用求得的夸克自能的渐近行为和f_π介子衰变常数fπ的实验值, 估计了夸克产生的动力学质量和用其它理论方法与实验方法估计得的夸克质量相符, 并对结果进行了讨论.     

三角点阵Eguchi-Kawai模型的Monte Carlo研究

本文对三角点阵的EK模型进行Monte Carlo研究. 结果表明, 对二维情况不存在U(1)对称性的自发破缺, 对三维情况, 在弱耦合区看到了明显的U(1)对称性的自发破缺.     

宇宙常数问题

在共形引力理论中, 宇宙项必为零. 当所有规范对称性自发破缺时, 产生的诱导宇宙常数之和与背景时空的弯曲效应抵消. 当背景时空为Minkowski空间时, 诱导宇宙常数之和为零. 而对称性通过Higgs机制破缺时, 必然伴生背景时空的相变.     

U(1)规范理论的定量分析

在Migdal及Migdal-Kadanoff交换方案基础上导出了重整化群方程、并将其应用到Wilson形式的U(1)格点规范理论,给出了强耦合区,弱耦合区及临界耦合点,中间耦合区的数值结果.这些结果与严格的强耦合展开,弱耦合展开及Monte Carlo模拟结果一致.从而说明:本文得到的重整化群方程在讨论规范理论的非微扰特性方面是可行而有效的.     

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将等离子体作为磁流体,考虑其流体属性和电磁属性,介绍了利用FLUENT软件包并将其进行二次开发,解算电磁场方程、质量连续性方程、动量守恒方程、以及能量守恒方程的数值模拟方法,得到了以磁矢势为表达形式的电磁场分布、温度分布和速度分布.数值模拟了粉末球化所用的感应耦合等离子体炬电磁场分布、温度分布、速度分布.分析了温度分布、速度分布产生的物理原因,为感应耦合等离子体炬球化粉末颗粒提供理论性指导.     

周期性亚波长金属孔阵列的单元结构对称性对其增强光透射特性的影响

采用三维时域有限差分方法,对比研究了石英基底上周期性亚波长圆形、纽扣形、半圆形和太极形四种具有不同对称性的孔阵列微结构金属膜的增强光透射特性,并分别探讨了阵列周期、小孔尺寸对这四种阵列结构透射特性的影响.结果表明增强光透射特性对单元结构对称性具有很强的依赖性:在超短高斯光脉冲激励下,随着单元结构对称性的降低,归一化透过率逐渐增大,红外波段的透射峰发生大量红移,且其与可见光波段的透射峰之间的距离逐渐增大,在对称性破缺的太极形孔阵列中两峰间距最大,可达1 300nm左右.表面等离激元模式与局域表面等离子体共振模式在增强光透射现象中起着重要的作用.在可见光波段,表面等离激元模式是这四种阵列结构的光透射增强的主导性因素;在红外波段,局域表面等离子体共振模式对单元结构对称性较差孔阵列结构的增强光透射特性有着显著影响.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.