Synthesis, characterization, and chiral behavior of S-bridged Co(III)Pt(II)Co(III) trinuclear complexes composed of bis(thiolato)-type octahedral units cis(S)-[Co(aet)(2)(en)](+) and/or trans(N)-[Co(D-pen- N,O,S)(2)](-) (aet = 2-aminoethanethiolate, D-pen = D-penicillaminate)

A series of linear-type Co(III)Pt(II)Co(III) trinuclear complexes composed of C(2)-cis(S)-[Co(aet)(2)(en)](+) (aet = 2-aminoethanethiolate) and/or Lambda(D)-trans(N)-[Co(D-pen-N,O,S)(2)](-) (D-pen = D-penicillaminate) were newly prepared, and their chiral behavior, which is markedly different from that of the corresponding Co(III)Pd(II)Co(III) complexes, is reported. The 1:1 reaction of an S-bridged Co(III)Ni(II)Co(III) trinuclear complex, [Ni[Co(aet)(2)(en)](2)]Cl(4), with K(2)[PtCl(4)] in water gave an S-bridged Co(III)Pt(II)Co(III) trinuclear complex, [Pt[Co(aet)(2)(en)](2)]Cl(4) ([1]Cl(4)), while the corresponding 1:2 reaction produced an S-bridged Co(III)Pt(II) dinuclear complex, [PtCl(2)[Co(aet)(2)(en)]]Cl ([2]Cl). Complex [1](4+) formed both racemic (DeltaDelta/LambdaLambda) and meso (DeltaLambda) forms, which were separated and optically resolved by cation-exchange column chromatography. An optically active S-bridged Co(III)Pt(II)Co(III) trinuclear complex having the pseudo LambdaLambda configuration, Lambda(D)Lambda(D)-[Pt[Co(D-pen-N,O,S)(2)](2)](0) (Lambda(D)Lambda(D)-[3]), was also prepared by reacting Lambda(D)-trans(N)-K[Co(D-pen-N,O,S)(2)] with K(2)[PtCl(4)] in a ratio of 2:1 in water. Treatment of the racemic Delta/Lambda-[2]Cl with Lambda(D)-trans(N)-K[Co(D-pen-N,O,S)(2)] in a ratio of 1:1 in water led to the formation of LambdaLambda(D)- and DeltaLambda(D)-[Pt[Co(aet)(2)(en)][Co(D-pen-N,O,S)(2)]](2+) (LambdaLambda(D)- and DeltaLambda(D)-[4](2+)) and DeltaDelta(D)-[Pt[Co(aet)(2)(en)][Co(D-pen-N,S)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]](2+) (DeltaDelta(D)-[4'](2+)), besides trace amounts of Lambda(D)Lambda(D)-[3] and DeltaDelta- and DeltaLambda-[1](4+). These Co(III)Pt(II)Co(III) complexes were characterized on the basis of electronic absorption, CD, and NMR spectra, along with single-crystal X-ray analyses for DeltaDelta/LambdaLambda-[1]Cl(4), DeltaLambda-[1]Cl(4), and DeltaLambda(D)-[4]Cl(2). Crystal data: DeltaDelta/LambdaLambda-[1]Cl(4).6H(2)O, monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 14.983(3) A, b = 19.857(4) A, c = 12.949(3) A, beta = 113.51(2) degrees, V = 3532(1) A(3), Z = 4; DeltaLambda-[1]Cl(4).3H(2)O, orthorhombic, space group Pbca with a = 14.872(3) A, b = 14.533(3) A, c = 14.347(2) A, V = 3100(1) A(3), Z = 4; DeltaLambda(D)-[4]Cl(2).6H(2)O, monoclinic, space group P2(1) with a = 7.3836(2) A, b = 20.214(1) A, c = 10.622(2) A, beta = 91.45(1) degrees V = 1682.0(4) A(3), Z = 2.     

Controlled binding of a L-cysteinato cobalt(III) octahedron to a cadmium(II) center

The binding ability of a chiral L-cysteinato cobalt(III) complex, [Co(L-cys-N,S)(en)2]+ (l-H2cys = L-cysteine, en = ethylenediamine), toward a cadmium(II) center, together with the construction of S-bridged CoIIICdII structures that are controlled by anions and pH, is reported. The reaction of Lambda(L)-[Co(L-Hcys-N,S)(en)2](ClO4)2 having a pendent COOH group with CdCl2 in a 1:1 ratio in water, followed by the addition of NaCl, gave an S-bridged CoIIICdII dinuclear complex, Lambda(L)-[CdCl4{Co(L-Hcys-N,S)(en)2}] (1Cl), in which a cadmium(II) ion is weakly coordinated by a thiolato group from a Lambda(L)-[Co(L-Hcys-N,S)(en)2]2+ unit, besides four Cl- anions. The corresponding 1:1 reaction with CdBr2 and NaBr yielded an S-bridged CoIIICdIICoIII trinuclear complex composed of an S-bridged CoIIICdIICoIII trinuclear cation and a [CdBr4]2- anion, (Lambda(L))2-[CdBr3{Co(L-Hcys-N,S)(en)2}{Co(L-cys-N,S)(en)2} ][CdBr4] (2), while a CoIIICdII dinuclear complex analogous to 1Cl, Lambda(L)-[CdBr4{Co(L-Hcys-N,S)(en)2}] (1Br), was obtained by the addition of HBr instead of NaBr. In the CoIIICdIICoIII cation of 2, a CdII center is very weakly coordinated by two thiolato groups from Lambda(L)-[Co(L-Hcys-N,S)(en)2]2+ and Lambda(L)-[Co(L-cys-N,S)(en)2]+ units, besides three Br- anions, with the trinuclear structure being sustained by an intramolecular COOH...OOC hydrogen bond. On the other hand, no S-bridged structure was obtained by the corresponding 1:1 reaction with CdI2 and NaI, giving only a mononuclear CoIII species with a [CdI4]2- counteranion, Lambda(L)-[Co(L-Hcys-N,S)(en)2][CdI4] (3). When Lambda(L)-[Co(L-cys-N,S)(en)2]ClO4 having a deprotonated pendent COO- group was reacted with CdCl2 in a 1:1 ratio in water, followed by the addition of NaCl, a one-dimensional (CoIIICdII)n polymeric complex, (Lambda(L))n-[CdCl3{Co(L-cys-N,S)(en)2}]n (4Cl), in which Lambda(L)-[Co(L-cys-N,S)(en)2]+ units are alternately linked by [CdCl3]- moieties through thiolato and carboxylate groups, was constructed. An analogous (CoIIICdII)n polymeric structure having [Cd(NCS-N)3]- moieties, (Lambda(L))n-[Cd(NCS-N)3{Co(L-cys-N,S)(en)2}]n (4NCS), was also produced by the use of Cd(ClO4)2 and NaSCN.     

Separation and optical resolution of a pair of atrop diastereomers of the octahedral rhodium(III) complex with a nine-membered S,S-chelate ring

Treatment of fac-[Rh(aet) 3] (aet = 2-aminoethanethiolate) with 2,2'-bis(bromomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl gave a mononuclear rhodium(III) complex with a nine-membered S, S-chelate ring, fac-[Rh(aet)(L)] (2+) ([ 1] (2+), L = 2,2'-bis(2-aminoethylthiomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl). Complex [ 1] (2+) afforded a pair of atrop diastereomers, Delta SS( S ax)/Lambda RR( R ax)-[ 1] (2+) ([ 1a] (2+)) and Delta SS( R ax)/Lambda RR( S ax)-[ 1] (2+) ([ 1b] (2+)), which involves the axial chirality ( R ax/ S ax) about a biphenyl moiety of L, besides the central chirality (Delta/Lambda) about a Rh (III) ion bound by two asymmetric ( R/ S) thioether donors. The atrop diastereomers ([ 1a] (2+) and [ 1b] (2+)) were successfully separated, isolated, and optically resolved, and the circular dichroism (CD) contribution from the axial chirality was evaluated by CD spectral analyses.     

Control of 1D wave versus 2D honeycomb CoIIICdIICuI heterotrimetallic architectures by Delta L-Lambda L diastereoisomerism of L-cysteinatocobalt(III) building units

The reactions of the Delta L and Lambda L isomers of [Co( l-Hcys- N, S)(en) 2] (2+) ( l-H 2cys = l-cysteine) with CuCl in aqueous HCl gave Co (III)Cu (I) dinuclear complexes with the same S-bridged structures, Delta L- 1 and Lambda L- 1. When Delta L- 1 was treated with CdCl 2 in water, a 1D wavelike (Co (III) 2Cd (II)Cu (I)) n polymeric complex ( 2) was produced. On the other hand, similar treatment of Lambda L- 1 led to the formation of a 2D honeycomb-like (Co (III) 3Cd (II) 3Cu (I)) n polymeric complex ( 3), supported by the presence of counter-monoanions.     

Effects of central metal ions on vibrational circular dichroism spectra of tris-(beta-diketonato)metal(III) complexes

Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of a series of [M(III)(acac)3] (acac = acetylacetonato; M = Cr, Co, Ru, Rh, Ir, and Al) and [M(III)(acac)2(dbm)] (dbm = dibenzoylmethanato; M = Cr, Co, and Ru) have been investigated experimentally and/or theoretically in order to see the effect of the central metal ion on the vibrational dynamics of ligands. The optical antipodes give the mirror-imaged spectra in the region of 1700-1000 cm(-1). The remarkable effect of the central metal ion is observed experimentally on the VCD peaks due to C-O stretches (1500-1300 cm(-1)) for both [M(III)(acac)3] and [M(III)(acac)2(dbm)]. In the case of Delta-[M(III)(acac)3], for example, the order of frequency of two C-O stretches (E and A2 symmetries) is dependent on the kind of a central metal ion as follows: E (-) > A2 (+) for M = Co, Rh, and Ir, while A2 (+) > E (-) for M = Cr and Ru. In the case of Delta-[M(III)(acac)2(dbm)], the order of frequency of three C-O stretches (A, B, and B symmetries) is as follows: A (-) > B (+) > B (+) for Co(III), B (+) > A (-) > B (-) for Cr(III), and A (-) > B (+) > B (-) for Ru(III). These results imply that the energy levels of C-O stretches are delicately affected by the kind of central metal ion. Since such detailed information is not obtained from the IR spectra alone, the VCD spectrum can probe the effect of the central metal ion on interligand cooperative vibration modes.     

Homochiral column structure of rac- and lambda-tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) cyclotriphosphate dihydrate in crystal structures and cation-anion association in aqueous solution

rac- and Lambda-tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) cyclotriphosphate dihydrate with the chemical formulas rac-[Co(en)(3)]P(3)O(9).2H(2)O (1) and Lambda-[Co(en)(3)]P(3)O(9).2H(2)O (2) were synthesized, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray analyses. In 1, the cationic complex molecule [Co(en)(3)](3+) with the Delta or Lambda enantiomer and cyclotriphosphate anion are alternately arrayed and connected by multiple hydrogen bonds to form a homochiral column structure. Adjacent homochiral columns with different chirality for 1 are connected by intercolumn hydrogen bonds through P(3)O(9)(3)(-) anions, as the bridging groups, to form a tetrameric cyclic cylindrical structure, while the adjacent columns with the same chirality are connected for 2 to form the cyclic cylindrical structure. All 6 amino groups per [Co(en)(3)](3+) participate in the formation of 12 hydrogen bonds, in which 8 hydrogen bonds contribute to the construction of a homochiral column and the remaining 4 hydrogen bonds contribute to the intercolumn interactions. The circular dichroism spectrum of the aqueous solution of Lambda-[Co(en)(3)](3+) changes drastically when excess P(3)O(9)(3)(-) is added, and this change is explained by ion-pair formation. The thermodynamic association constant of [Co(en)(3)](3+) with P(3)O(9)(3)(-), calculated from the conductivity data, was log K = 4.26 at 25 degrees C.     

Optically active coordination compounds---XLVIII. Synthesis, resolution and interconversions of isomers of tris-salicylatocobaltate(III)

Stable aqueous solutions of the green ion [Co(sa1)₃]³⁻ (sa1 = dianion, C₆H₄( )(CO ), of salicylic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid) are obtained from [Co(NH₃)₅ C1]C1₂ and an excess of salicylic acid. Several salts, [C][Co(sa1)₃] have been characterized, where C = [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ and [M(en)₃]³⁺ (M = Co or Rh, EN = 1,2-diamino-ethane). By using (+)-[Rh(en)₃]³⁺, optical resolution via less soluble diastereoisomeric salts has been achieved, and isomerization and racemization have been studied. Resolved tris-malonatocobaltate(III) has been used as a model. A novel thermochromism (77-293 K) in solid Δ(+)-[Rhen₃]Λ[Co(sa1)₃ is described.     

Sulfur-bridged Co(III)Pt(II)Co(III) trinuclear complexes with mixed aliphatic and aromatic thiolate ligands: effect of nonbridging ligands on the homochiral linkage of cobalt(III) octahedrons by platinum(II)

The reaction of [Ni[Co(aet)(2)(pyt)](2)](2+) (aet = 2-aminoethanethiolate, pyt = 2-pyridinethiolate) with [PtCl(4)](2)(-) gave an S-bridged Co(III)Pt(II)Co(III) trinuclear complex composed of two [Co(aet)(2)(pyt)] units, [Pt[Co(aet)(2)(pyt)](2)](2+) ([1](2+)). When a 1:1 mixture of [Ni[Co(aet)(2)(pyt)](2)](2+) and [Ni[Co(aet)(2)(en)](2)](4+) was reacted with [PtCl(4)](2)(-), a mixed-type S-bridged Co(III)Pt(II)Co(III) complex composed of one [Co(aet)(2)(pyt)] and one [Co(aet)(2)(en)](+) units, [Pt[Co(aet)(2)(en)][Co(aet)(2)(pyt)]](3+) ([2](3+)), was produced, together with [1](2+) and [Pt[Co(aet)(2)(en)](2)](4+). The corresponding Co(III)Pt(II)Co(III) trinuclear complexes containing pymt (2-pyrimidinethiolate), [Pt[Co(aet)(2)(pymt)](2)](2+) ([3](2+)) and [Pt[Co(aet)(2)(en)][Co(aet)(2)(pymt)]](3+) ([4](3+)), were also obtained by similar reactions, using [Ni[Co(aet)(2)(pymt)](2)](2+) instead of [Ni[Co(aet)(2)(pyt)](2)](2+). While [Pt[Co(aet)(2)(en)](2)](4+) formed both the deltalambda (meso) and deltadelta/lambdalambda (racemic) forms in a ratio of ca. 1:1, the preferential formation of the deltadelta/lambdalambda form was observed for [1](2+) (ca. deltalambda:deltadelta/lambdalambda = 1:3) and [2](3+) (ca. delta(en)lambda(pyt)/lambda(en)delta(pyt):deltadelta/lambdalambda = 1:2). Furthermore, [3](2+) and [4](3+) predominantly formed the deltadelta/lambdalambda form. These results indicate that the homochiral selectivity for the S-bridged Co(III)Pt(II)Co(III) trinuclear complexes composed of two octahedral [Co(aet)(2)(L)](0 or +) units is enhanced in the order L = en < pyt < pymt. The isomers produced were separated and optically resolved, and the crystal structures of the meso-type deltalambda-[1]Cl(2).4H(2)O and the spontaneously resolved deltadelta-[4](ClO(4))(3).H(2)O were determined by X-ray analyses. In deltalambda-[1](2+), the delta and Lambda configurational mer(S).trans(N(aet))-[Co(aet)(2)(pyt)] units are linked by a square-planar Pt(II) ion through four aet S atoms to form a linear-type S-bridged trinuclear structure. In deltadelta-[4](3+), a similar linear-type trinuclear structure is constructed from the delta-mer(S).trans(N(aet))-[Co(aet)(2)(pymt)] and delta-C(2)-cis(S)-[Co(aet)(2)(en)](+) units that are bound by a Pt(II) ion with a slightly distorted square-planar geometry through four aet S atoms.     

Identification of geometrical isomers using vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy: a series of mixed-ligand complexes of diamagnetic Co(III) ions

Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra were measured on the chloroform solutions of a series of mixed-ligand diamagnetic Co(III) complexes, [Co(tfac)(n)(acac)(3-n)] (n = 0-3, tfac = 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionato; acac = acetylacetonato). Distinct differences were observed in the VCD spectra among the geometrical isomers of the same ligand composition. Such differentiation was hardly possible by their infra-red spectra alone. The structural identification of these isomers was performed in conjunction with DFT calculations.     

Chiral recognition and conglomerate crystallization induced by self-organization of cobalt(III) complexes of a tripodal ligand containing three imidazole groups

The effect of a counteranion on chiral recognition inducing conglomerate crystallization of a cobalt(III) complex is reported. An achiral tripodal ligand involving three imidazole groups, tris{[2-{(imidazol-4-yl)methylidene}amino]ethyl}amine (H3L), was prepared by condensation of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and 4-formylimidazole in a 1:3 mole ratio. The reaction of H3L and trans-[CoIIICl2(py)4]+ afforded the chiral (Delta or Lambda) [CoIII(H3L)]3+ complex. The formally hemideprotonated complexes [CoIII(H(1.5)L)]X(1.5).nH2O (where X = Cl, Br, I, BF4, ClO4, or PF6) were synthesized by controlled deprotonation of the uncoordinated imidazole NH groups of [Co(H3L)]3+. In crystals of the hemideprotonated complex, two components, [Co(H3L)]3+ and [Co(L)], with the same absolute configuration are linked by imidazole-imidazolate hydrogen bonds to form an extended homochiral 2D sheet structure, which is composed of a hexanuclear unit with a trigonal void. There are two ways of stacking the sheets: One is via homochiral stacking, and the other is via heterochiral stacking. When the size of the counterion is small (i.e., X = Cl, Br, I, or BF4), adjacent homochiral sheets with the same chirality are stacked to form a homochiral crystal (conglomerate). With large anions (i.e., ClO4- and PF6-), a homochiral sheet consisting of Delta enantiomers and a sheet consisting of Lambda enantiomers are stacked alternately to give a heterochiral crystal (a racemic crystal). Optically active Lambda-[Co(H(1.5)L)](ClO4)(1.5).H2O was synthesized from Lambda-[Co(H3L)]3+, and the crystal structure was compared to that of the racemic complex. There are two conflicting factors governing the crystal structure: the skeletal density; the size of the channels. The 2D sheets are more closely packed in the homochiral crystal than in the heterochiral crystal. However, the channels, where the counterions are accommodated, are smaller in the homochiral crystal, and the steric congestion between the anions increases with increasing anion size. The heterochiral crystal has a flexible, zigzag channel structure, and the size of the channels can increase to accommodate larger anions. Thus, complexes with large anions (i.e., ClO4- and PF6-) preferentially form heterochiral crystals rather than homochiral crystals.     

Complexes of 5,5'-aminoacido-substituted 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands: control of diastereoselectivity with a pH switch and a chloride-responsive combinatorial library

The synthesis and coordination chemistry of a new chiral ligand, 2,2'-bipyridine substituted at the 5 and 5' positions by N-methyl-L-valine methyl ester (5), is presented. The ligand readily forms complexes [M(5)3]2+ where M = Co(II) and Fe(II) in CH3CN, and the complexation reaction is slightly diastereoselective (d.e. =ca. 20%) in favour of the Delta diastereomer. The addition of six equivalents of HCl to these complexes [M(II)(5)3]2+ leads to formation of Delta-[M(II)(5H2)3]8+ with a d.e. of 100%. This high diastereoselectivity can be reversed by the addition of base i.e. the diastereoselectivity can be controlled by the pH. Delta-[Fe(5H2)3]8+ was found to bind chloride ions in CD3OD-CD3CN (6:1) with a binding constant of 260 M(-1). [Co(II)(5)3]2+ can be oxidised to Delta-[Co(III)(5H2)3]9+. Formation constants for both [Co(II)(5)3]2+ and [Co(II)(5H2)3]8+ in acetonitrile were obtained by spectrophotometric titrations. In the former case, the stability constant, log beta3 = 19.5(8), is very similar to that measured for [Co(II)(bipy)3]2+ (log beta3 = 19.3(7)) but this drops significantly when the amine groups of are protonated (log beta3 = 16.5(2)). A dynamic combinatorial library was prepared by mixing three equivalents of, three equivalents of bipy, and two equivalents of Co(II) in CD3CN. The presence of all possible Delta- and Lambda-[Co(II)(5)x(bipy)(3-x)]2+ complexes was inferred from 1H NMR and ES-MS spectra. Addition of protons to this library reduced the number of components by inducing diastereoselectivity, and presence of chloride further simplified the 1H NMR spectrum, indicating that [Cl2 ligand Delta-[Co(II)(5H2)3]]6+ and [Co(II)(bipy)3]2+ were the dominant products.     

Cobalt(III) complexes of monodentate N9-bound adeninate (ade-), [Co(ade-kappaN9)Cl(en)2]+ (en = 1,2-diaminoethane): syntheses, crystal structures, and protonation behaviors of the geometrical isomers

In acidic aqueous solution, a cobalt(III) complex containing monodentate N(9)-bound adeninate (ade(-)), cis-[Co(ade-kappaN(9))Cl(en)(2)]Cl (cis-[1]Cl), underwent protonation to the adeninate moiety without geometrical isomerization or decomposition of the Co(III) coordination sphere, and complexes of cis-[CoCl(Hade)(en)(2)]Cl(2) (cis-[2]Cl(2)) and cis-[Co(H(2)ade)Cl(en)(2)]Cl(3) (cis-[3]Cl(3)) could be isolated. The pK(a) values of the Hade and H(2)ade(+) complexes are 6.03(1) and 2.53(12), respectively, at 20 degrees C in 0.1 M aqueous NaCl. The single-crystal X-ray analyses of cis-[2]Cl(2).0.5H(2)O and cis-[3]Cl(2)(BF(4)).H(2)O revealed that protonation took place first at the adeninate N(7) and then at the N(1) atoms to form adenine tautomer (7H-Hade-kappaN(9)) and cationic adeninium (1H,7H-H(2)ade(+)-kappaN(9)) complexes, respectively. On the other hand, addition of NaOH to an aqueous solution of cis-[1]Cl afforded a mixture of geometrical isomers of the hydroxo-adeninato complex, cis- and trans-[Co(ade-kappaN(9))(OH)(en)(2)](+). The trans-isomer of chloro-adeninato complex trans-[Co(ade-kappaN(9))Cl(en)(2)]BF(4) (trans-[1]BF(4)) was synthesized by a reaction of cis-[2](BF(4))(2) and sodium methoxide in methanol. This isomer in acidic aqueous solution was also stable toward isomerization, affording the corresponding adenine tautomer and adeninium complexes (pK(a) = 5.21(1) and 2.48(9), respectively, at 20 degrees C in 0.1 M aqueous NaCl). The protonated product of trans-[Co(7H-Hade-kappaN(9))Cl(en)(2)](BF(4))(2).H(2)O (trans-[2](BF(4))(2).H(2)O) could also be characterized by X-ray analysis. Furthermore, the hydrogen-bonding interactions of the adeninate/adenine tautomer complexes cis-[1]BF(4), cis-[2](BF(4))(2), and trans-[2](BF(4))(2) with 1-cyclohexyluracil in acetonitrile-d(3) were investigated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of trans-[Co(ade)(H(2)O)(en)(2)]HPO(4).3H(2)O, which was obtained by a reaction of trans-[Co(ade)(OH)(en)(2)]BF(4) and NaH(2)PO(4), was also determined.     

溴化顺式-溴•氨•二(乙二胺)合钴(III)绝对不对称合成与拆分机理*

分别用绝对不对称合成和改进的拆分方法制备标题配合物Λ-(+)D-cis-[CoBr(NH3)(en)2]Br2(1)和Δ-(-)D-cis-[CoBr(NH3)(en)2]Br2(2), 以及制备了cis-[CoBr(NH3)(en)2]Br2·2H2O(3)(en=1,2-乙二胺). 用元素分析、差热-热重、旋光度、UV-Vis、CD 光谱等对产物进行了表征.通过CD 光谱法获得了绝对不对称合成Co(III)配合物的产物ee 值分布图援当利用绝对不对称合成得到的手性Co(III)配合物去“逆向拆分”外消旋溴代樟脑磺酸铵[NH4(dl-BCS)]时只获得部分拆分, 初步认为这与交互拆分过程中阴阳离子之间的有效手性识别有关, 对于手性Co(III)配合物的绝对不对称合成还提出了一个新的反应机理,即“催化-结晶诱导”机理.     

Rhodium complexes with the chelating and binucleating ligands P(CH2CH2Py)nPh3-n (Py = 2-pyridyl; n = 1,2): structures and fluxional behavior

Several rhodium(I) complexes of the type [RhX(CO)(PePy2)], [Rh(diene)(PePy)]+, and [Rh(diene)(PePy2)]+ (PePyn = P(CH2CH2Py)nPh3-n; Py = 2-pyridyl; n = 1, 2) have been prepared. The two former are square planar; the latter are pentacoordinated for diene = tetrafluorobenzobarrelene or norbornadiene (confirmed by X-ray diffraction), but an equilibrium of 4- and 5-coordinate isomers exists in solution for diene = 1,5-cyclooctadiene. The fluxional behavior of all these complexes is studied by NMR spectroscopy. The complex [Rh(NBD)(PePy2)]PF6.Cl2CH2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 8.455(1) A, b = 18.068(3) A, c = 19.729(3) A, beta = 99.658(3)degrees, and Z = 4. The complexes [Rh(diene)(PePy2)]+ react with CO to give the dimeric complex [Rh2(CO)2[P(CH2CH2Py)2Ph]2](BF4)2 with the pyridylphosphine acting as P,N-chelating and P,N-bridging.     

Preparation and characterization of mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes containing (3-aminopropyl)dimethylphosphine (pdmp). Conformation of the six-membered pdmp chelate ring

Several new cobalt(III) complexes containing (3-aminopropyl)dimethylphosphine (pdmp) have been prepared, and their molecular structures have been determined. A dichloro complex of trans(Cl,Cl)-cis(P,P)-[CoCl(2)(pdmp)(2)]PF(6) (1) was prepared from trans-[CoCl(2)(py)(4)]Cl.6H(2)O and pdmp. X-Ray crystallography confirmed the (C(2))-chair(2) conformation of two six-membered pdmp chelate rings in 1, while the analogous 1,3-bis(dimethylphosphino)propane (dmpp) complex trans-[CoCl(2)(dmpp)(2)]ClO(4) (3) exhibited the (D(2d))-twist(2) conformation. Substitution reactions of 1 for ethane-1,2-diamine (en), pentane-2,4-dionate (acac), and N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate (dtc) gave the mixed-ligand tris(chelate)-type complexes of [Co(en)(2)(pdmp)]Cl(2)(PF(6)) (5), [Co(acac)(pdmp)(2)](PF(6))(2) (7), and [Co(dtc)(3-n)(pdmp)(n)](PF(6))(n) [n = 1 (9) or 2 (10)], respectively. The conformer of the complex cation in 5 was assigned as lel.ob.chair by X-ray analysis. In the case of the acac complex 7, both trans(P,N) (7a) and trans(N,N) (7b) isomers were isolated, and the complex cations were characterized as syn-chair(2) and anti-chair(2) conformers, respectively, with respect to the six-membered pdmp chelate rings. These conformers coincide with the most stable ones anticipated by the DFT optimum geometry calculations. In the crystal structure of trans(P,N)-[Co(dtc)(pdmp)(2)](BPh(4))(2) (10') one of the pdmp chelate rings adopted a skew-boat (twist) conformation, which reduced the intramolecular steric ring-ring interaction effectively. The DFT optimized geometries for several isomers and/or conformers of [CoCl(2)(pdmp)(2)](+) were compared.     

Theoretical study on vibrational circular dichroism spectra of tris(acetylacetonato)metal(III) complexes: anharmonic effects and low-lying excited states

The open-shell density functional theory calculations with M06 exchange-correlation functional and all-electron Douglas-Kroll second order scalar relativistic correction were performed to interpret the vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of four kinds of tris(acetylacetonato)metal(III), [M(III)(acac)(3)] (acac = acetylacetonato, M = Ru, Cr, Co, and Rh). It was deduced that the experimental spectra were well reproduced by the calculation with harmonic approximation in case of [Co(III)(acac)(3)] (d(6); S = 0), [Rh(III)(acac)(3)] (d(6); S = 0), and [Ru(III)(acac)(3)] (d(5); S = 1/2). In case of [Cr(III)(acac)(3)] (d(3); S = 3/2), anharmonic effects should be taken into account to predict the accurate vibrational frequencies of closely located modes. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were performed to estimate the contribution of excited states in the VCD spectra. As a consequence, the presence of the low-lying excited states was predicted for [Ru(III)(acac)(3)] alone, which agreed with the experimental observation.     

Mechanistic analysis of reductive nitrosylation on water-soluble cobalt(III)-porphyrins

The reactions of NO and/or NO2- with three water-soluble cobalt porphyrins [Co(III)(P)(H2O)2]n, where P = TPPS, TCPP, and TMPyP, were studied in detail. At pH < 3, the reaction with NO proceeds through a single reaction step. From the kinetic data and activation parameters, the [Co(III)(P)(NO)(H2O)]n complex is proposed to be the primary product of the reaction with NO. This complex reacts further with a second NO molecule through an inner-sphere electron-transfer reaction to generate the final product, [Co(III)(P)(NO-)](n-1). At pH > 3, although a single reaction step is also observed, a systematic study as a function of the NO and NO2- concentrations revealed that two reaction steps are operative. In the first, NO2- and NO compete to substitute coordinated water in [Co(III)(P)(H2O)2]n to yield [Co(III)(P)(NO)(H2O)]n and [Co(III)(P)(NO2-)(H2O)](n-1) as the primary reaction products. Only the nitrite complex could be detected and no final product formation was observed during the reaction. It is proposed that [Co(III)(P)(NO)(H2O)]n rapidly reacts with NO2- to form the nitrite complex, which in the second reaction step reacts with another NO molecule to generate the final product through an inner-sphere electron-transfer reaction. The reported results are relevant for the interaction of vitamin B(12a) with NO and NO2-.     

Ligand control on the reactions of oxygen- and sulphur-bonded (sulphito)pentaminecobalt(III) complexes in solution

The kinetics of formation, acid-catalysed aquation, ligand isomerisation (CoIIIOSO2+→CoIIISO3+), intramolecular electron-transfer, and base-catalysed hydrolysis and isomerisation of O-bonded sulphito complexes, cis-[Co(en)2(B)(OSO2–O)]+[B=benzimidazole (bzimH), N-methylimidazole (N-meim)] and the anation of cis-[Co(en)2(B)OH)]2+ [B=bzimH, N-meim and imH (imidazole)] by oxSO2−3 are reported. Steric acceleration is observed in the formation and acid-catalysed aquation of the O-sulphito complexes. The ligand isomerisation leads to loss of the monodentate amine with the formation of trans-[Co(en)2(SO3–S)2]− (in an excess of sulphite). Steric acceleration is more pronounced in the isomerisation and base hydrolysis than in the redox process. The results indicate cis labilisation of the coordinated O-sulphite. The [(tetraethylenepentamine)Co(OSO2–O)]+ cation undergoes base hydrolysis 103 times faster than the corresponding (en)2(B) complexes; base-catalysed ligand isomerisation for the former is not observed unlike in the latter. The anation of cis-[Co(en)2(B)OH]2+ (B=imH, bzimH, N-meim) by SO2−3 in a mild alkali pH range (pH=7.9–9.6) and in an excess of SO2−3, yields exclusively trans-[Co(en)2(SO3–S)2]− with no evidence for the formation of the cis-[Co(en)2(B)(SO3–S)]+ or its O-sulphito analogue. The intramolecularly generated amido conjugate base of the sulphite ion-pair, {cis-[Co(en)2(B)OH]2+,SO32−}.41cm{cis-[Co(en)(en-H) (B)- OH2]2+,SO32−}, is believed to generate a five-coordinate intermediate (TBP) that captures the S-end of SO2−3 selectively from a site trans-to the amine B so that the amine is labilised by the trans effect of the sulphite. The NH-deprotonated coordinated imidazolate or benzimidazolate species, cis-[Co(en)2(bzm/im)OH]+, do not undergo anation by SO2−3. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Anionic carbonato and oxalato cobalt(III) nitrogen mustard complexes

Synthetic approaches to cobalt(III) complexes [Co(L)(L')2] containing the bidentate dialkylating nitrogen mustard N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (L = dce) together with anionic ancilliary ligands (L') which are either carbonato (CO3(2-)), oxalato (ox2-), bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamato (bhedtc-), 2-pyridine carboxylato (pico-) or 2-pyrazine carboxylato (pyzc-) were investigated. Synthetic routes were developed using the related amines N,N-diethyl-1,2-ethanediamine (dee) and 1,2-ethanediamine (en). The complexes [Co(CO3)2(L)]- (L = dee 1, dce 2), [Co(ox)2(L)]- (L = dee 3, dce 4), [Co(bhedtc)2(dee)]+ 5, [Co(bhedtc)2(en)]+ 6, mer-[Co(pico)3], mer-[Co(pyzc)]3 7 and [Co(pico)2(dee)]+ 8 were prepared and were characterised by IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C[1H] NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry. [Co(bhedtc)2(en)]BPh4 6b and trans(O)-[Co(pico)2(dee)]ClO4 8 were characterised by X-ray crystallography. In vitro biological tests were carried out on complexes 1-4 in order to assess the degree to which coordination of the mustard to cobalt attenuated its cytotoxicity, and the differential toxicity in air vs. nitrogen.     

Photochemical and thermal hydrogen production from water catalyzed by carboxylate-bridged dirhodium(II) complexes

A series of dinuclear Rh(II) complexes, [Rh(2)(μ-OAc)(4)(H(2)O)(2)] (HOAc = acetic acid) (1), [Rh(2)(μ-gly)(4)(H(2)O)(2)] (Hgly = glycolic acid) (2), [Rh(2)(μ-CF(3)CO(2))(4)(acetone)(2)] (3), and [Rh(2)(bpy)(2)(μ-OAc)(2)(OAc)(2)] (4), were found to serve as H(2)-evolving catalysts in a three-component system consisting of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)), methylviologen (MV(2+)), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA). It was also confirmed that thermal reduction of water into H(2) by MV(+)˙, in situ generated by the bulk electrolysis of MV(2+), is effectively promoted by 1 as a H(2)-evolving catalyst. The absorption spectra of the photolysis solution during the photocatalysis were monitored up to 6 h to reveal that the formation of photochemical or thermal byproducts of MV(+)˙ is dramatically retarded in the presence of the Rh(II)(2) catalysts, for the H(2) formation rather than the decomposition of MV(+)˙ becomes predominant in the presence of the Rh(II)(2) catalysts. The stability of the Rh(II)(2) dimers was confirmed by absorption spectroscopy, (1)H NMR, and ESI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The results indicated that neither elimination nor replacement of the equatorial ligands take place during the photolysis, revealing that one of the axial sites of the Rh(2) core is responsible for the hydrogenic activation. The quenching of Ru*(bpy)(3)(2+) by 1 was also investigated by luminescence spectroscopy. The rate of H(2) evolution was found to decrease upon increasing the concentration of 1, indicating that the quenching of Ru*(bpy)(3)(2+) by the Rh(ii)(2) species rather than by MV(2+) becomes predominant at the higher concentrations of 1. The DFT calculations were carried out for several possible reaction paths proposed (e.g., [Rh(II)(2)(μ-OAc)(4)(H(2)O)] + H(+) and [Rh(II)(2)(μ-OAc)(4)(H(2)O)] + H(+) + e(-)). It is suggested that the initial step is a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) to the Rh(II)(2) dimer leading to the formation of a Rh(II)Rh(III)-H intermediate. The H(2) evolution step is suggested to proceed either via the transfer of another set of H(+) and e(-) to the Rh(II)Rh(III)-H intermediate or via the homolytic radical coupling through the interaction of two Rh(II)Rh(III)-H intermediates.