RuO_2/TiO_2纳米薄膜的新构建及对CO_2的电催化还原

在旋涂有球状纳米TiO2薄膜的导电玻璃(ITO)基底上采用循环伏安法(CV)电沉积RuO2作为电催化还原CO2的阴极.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)表征了RuO2/TiO2纳米薄膜的形貌,并应用近稳态电位扫描法和计时电流法(i～t)研究了薄膜的电催化CO2性能.结果表明所构建的RuO2/TiO2薄膜中纳米粒子大小均匀、排列致密,且较传统热分解法所得催化剂有更好的电催化性能.     

烧结温度对Ti/RuO2-CeO2超电容性能的影响

以三氯化钌和三氯化铈为原料,以无水乙醇为溶剂,采用热分解法在钛基材上制备了Ti/RuO2-CeO2二元氧化物涂层电极材料,利用XRD,SEM,HR-TEM分析方法对涂层组织结构进行表征,通过循环伏安和充放电曲线来研究涂层的超电容性质.结果表明,300℃烧结制备的电极可获得最大的比电容;烧结温度低于或者超过300℃,电极的超电容性能不佳.分析表明,Ti/RuO2-CeO2的超电容性能与其结构密切相关,氧化物的结构未稳定或发育良好,均不利于提高超电容性能.300℃时涂层形成带有纳米级微晶的非晶组织,获得了高的活性点数和电化学粗糙度.     

采用循环伏安与Tafel曲线比较不同阳极的电催化性能

采用循环伏安和Tafel曲线两种方法评价了Pt电极、钛基二氧化钌电极(Ti/RuO2)及钛基二氧化锡电极(Ti/SnO2)的电催化氧化性能.结果表明,在500 mg/L的苯酚溶液中,Pt,Ti/RuO2和Ti/SnO2电极氧化苯酚的峰电位依次为0.93,0.95和1.40 V(vsAg/AgCl).Tafel曲线表明,三种电极析氧过电位的顺序依次是Ti/RuO2相似文献   

Ni/Ag2O/RuO2-Pt阴极制备与析氢性能

以三氯化钌和氯铂酸为源物质,用溶胶凝胶法制备Ni/Ag2O/RuO2-Pt复合阴极,研究了不同涂覆液AgNO3浓度和热处理温度对该阴极析氢性能的影响.采用SEM-EDS、XRD和XPS观察阴极的表面形貌、表征其组分,结果表明,Ni/Ag2O/RuO2-Pt复合阴极表面致密,粗糙度大且裂纹少.电化学测量表明,在11 mol.L-1NaOH(90℃)溶液、0.3 A.cm-2电流密度下,Ni/Ag2O/RuO2-Pt复合阴极的析氢电位比纯Ni电极正移484 mV;交换电流密度是纯Ni电极的10倍.该阴极制备工艺简单,析氢活性高,有望降低氯碱工业的能耗.     

钛基二氧化锡电极电解过程中羟基自由基检测及电催化机理

采用浸渍-热分解方法制备了钛基二氧化钌(Ti/RuO2)和钛基二氧化锡(Ti/SnO2)两类尺寸稳定阳极电极。以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对电极结构进行了表征。用循环伏安法(CV)比较研究了Ti/RuO2和Ti/SnO2电极直接电催化氧化苯酚性能,表明苯酚在Ti/RuO2和Ti/SnO2电极上均可发生直接电氧化反应,两种电极上氧化峰电位分别为0.96和1.43 V(vs.Ag/AgC l)。以对苯二甲酸为捕获剂,利用荧光光谱法进行了羟基自由基(.OH)检测。Ti/SnO2电极在电解过程中能够产生.OH;而Ti/RuO2电极.OH的生成极其微弱。Ti/SnO2电极电解过程中生成.OH是其具有高电催化活性的主要原因,也表明了用荧光法进行羟基自由基检测方便、灵敏,可以用于电催化过程羟基自由基的检测。     

Ti/nanoTiO_2-Pt阳极和Ti/nanoTiO_2阴极成对电合成葡萄糖酸锌和丁二酸

使用新颖的纳米结构电极成对电合成葡萄糖酸锌和丁二酸.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Ti基纳米TiO2(Ti/nanoTiO2)电极,同时采用电沉积法制备Ti基纳米TiO2-Pt(Ti/nanoTiO2-Pt)修饰电极.通过循环伏安研究发现,Ti/nanoTiO2-Pt电极对葡萄糖氧化及Ti/nanoTiO2电极对马来酸还原均具有高催化活性.以Ti/nanoTiO2-Pt电极为阳极、Ti/nanoTiO2电极为阴极,通过正交实验得到成对电合成葡萄糖酸锌和丁二酸的优化条件为:阳极和阴极电流密度分别为1.2A·dm-2和3.0A·dm-2,阳极液为0.4mol·L-1葡萄糖+0.6mol·L-1NaBr,阴极液为0.6mol·L-1马来酸+0.2mol·L-1NaCl,温度50℃.成对电合成的总电流效率达到170%.     

柔性染料敏化太阳电池的制备和性能研究

柔性染料敏化太阳电池作为具有低生产成本的实用化技术受到高度重视.本文研究以金属钛为基底的纳晶TiO2薄膜电极和以导电涂层聚合物为基底的对电极组成的柔性染料敏化太阳电池.为提高光电转换效率,采用直流低场电泳沉积、直流和脉冲电压下的电化学阳极氧化及丝网印刷,结合高温烧结方法,制备金属钛为基底的纳晶TiO2薄膜电极和TiO2...     

碳纳米管负载铂颗粒酶电极葡萄糖传感器

以碳纳米管负载纳米铂颗粒修饰玻碳电极 (CNT Pt/GCE)为基底 ,用明胶固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD) ,构建了电流型葡萄糖生物传感器 (GOD/CNT Pt/GCE)。在实验中 ,GOD/CNT Pt/GCE显示了良好的分析性能 ,与常规铂电极葡萄糖传感器 (GOD/Pt)相比较 ,测定葡萄糖的检出限从 6 .7× 10 -3 mol/L下降到8.3× 10 -4mol/L ;工作电位从 0 .6 5V下降至 0 .4 5V ;响应时间从 30s下降至 5s左右。实验结果表明 ,具有高度电催化活性的CNT Pt/GCE可作为酶传感器的一种新型基体电极。     

非图案化法制备柔性连续葡萄糖监测传感器

以聚多巴胺作为前驱体,在聚酰亚胺薄膜表面化学沉积一层牢固致密的金层,以该镀金薄膜两面的金层作为基体电极,在其中一面镀铂黑作为参比-对电极,在另一面依次电沉积铂黑层、电泳形成Nafion/碳纳米管网络层、电吸引形成葡萄糖氧化酶层构成工作电极,并整体涂覆聚氨酯外膜,制备了一种柔性葡萄糖传感器.考察了此传感器对葡萄糖的检测性能,以及各层表面形态结构对传感器性能的影响.传感器在0.3V的工作电位下对葡萄糖的线性响应范围是2.0 ～ 32.0 mmol/L,响应灵敏度为25 μA· (mmol/L)-1·cm-2,检出限为0.05 mmol/L (S/N=3),且传感器有良好的长期稳定性和抗干扰性,可用于皮下连续血糖监测.     

以泡沫镍载NiCo2O4纳米线阵列为阴极催化剂的Al-H2O2半燃料电池

研究了以泡沫镍载NiCo2O4纳米线阵列为阴极催化剂的Al-H2O2半燃料电池的性能. 以无模板生长法制备了泡沫镍载NiCo2O4纳米线阵列阴极材料, SEM测定结果表明, NiCo2O4纳米线几乎垂直于泡沫镍载体表面生长. 以电压和功率密度-电流密度曲线研究了H2O2浓度、电解液流速和温度对电池性能的影响, 结果显示, 以铝片为阳极, 0.6 mol/L H2O2为氧化剂的电池的开路电压约为1.40 V; 在室温和57 ℃下, 电流密度为98和172 mA/cm2时, 最大功率密度分别达到79和120 mW/cm2.  在5000 s的测试时间内, 0.70 V的恒电流密度和75 mA/cm2 的恒电压值几乎为一常数, 这表明以泡沫镍载NiCo2O4纳米线阵列为催化剂电还原H2O2具有很好的活性、稳定性和传质性能.     

直接甲醇燃料电池高稳定性Pt/RuO_2/C阴极催化剂研究

应用湿化学法制备RuO2/C纳米复合物,并以其为载体借助微波法制备成Pt/RuO2/C催化剂.使用透射电镜和X射线衍射分析RuO2/C载体、Pt/RuO2/C催化剂的形貌及晶体结构;循环伏安、稳态阳极腐蚀和旋转圆盘电极等测试电化学性能.结果表明,Pt/RuO2/C催化剂具有良好的耐甲醇渗透性和稳定性,可有效延长催化剂的使用寿命.本文为探索新型高性能DMFC阴极催化剂之制备提供了一条较好的途径.     

Preparation and Performances of RuO2/TiO2 Films Photocatalyst Supported on Float Pearls

"RuO2/TiO2 films were deposited on float pearls (FP) by the sol-gel-dipping method. The substrates were coated with RuO2/TiO2 precursor sol, air-dried at 120 oC and further heated at 500 oC to obtain the coupled photocatalyst of RuO2/TiO2 films supported on FP (RuO2/TiO2/FP). The structure of coupled photocatalyst was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR technique, respectively. The results showed TiO2 has anatase structure and doped RuO2 was highly dispersed on the surface of TiO2 particles as amorphous. The average thickness of RuO2/TiO2 films (3 layers) on FP was determined to be about 1 1m. This study was carried out under the following conditions: volume 60 mL, initial concentration of beta-cypermethrin (BEC) 45 mg/L, pH 6.5, amount of RuO2/TiO2/PF 5 g/L, air flow rate 200 mL/min, reaction time 60 min. The degradation rates of BEC are 88.1% (125 W Hg lamp), 82.8% (8 W UV lamp), and 75.1% (8 W solar lamp), respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of BEC was experimentally demonstrated to follow the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, and the reaction rate constant (17.5 mg/(L min)) and the adsorption constant (3.486 L/g) were determined, respectively. It was also found that the RuO2/TiO2 /FP photocatalyst has significantly the visible light photoactivity for degradation of BEC."     

葡萄糖在碳纳米管/纳米TiO2膜载Pt复合电极上的电催化氧化

用电化学循环伏安法和计时电位法研究了葡萄糖在碳纳米管／纳米TiO2膜载Pt(CNT／nano-TiO2／Pt)复合电极上的电催化氧化,结果表明,在碱性介质中CNT／nano-TiO2／Pt复合电极对葡萄糖的电氧化具有高催化活性,葡萄糖氧化峰电流密度高达13mA／cm^2,比铂电极上的增大一倍;复合电极性能稳定,抗中毒能力强,不易发生氧化振荡,是葡萄糖燃料电池和葡萄糖传感器的高活性催化电极。     

间接电氧化法合成甘油醛

通过电化学合成前驱体和溶胶-凝胶法在Ti表面修饰一层纳米TiO2膜,在纳米Ti02膜上电沉积分散的Pt微粒制成钛基纳米TiO2-Pt(Ti/nano-TiO2-pt)修饰电极。采用循环伏安法、间接电氧化法研究了纳米Ti02-Pt修饰电极的电催化活性以及Mn^3 ／Mn^2 媒质氧化甘油为甘油醛的过程。结果表明,纳米Ti02-Pt修饰电极对Mn^2 的电氧化具有高催化活性,电流效率可达90％以上,非均相电解得到的Mn^3 可一步氧化甘油为甘油醛,收率为91％。     

Performance of Pt—TiO2 Electrocatalyst for CO Oxidation in the Electrochemical Gas Sensor

It is reported for the first time that the Pt/TiO2 electrocatalyst was successfully used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of CO in the electrochemical gas sensor with a controlled potential mode. The stability of electrocatalytic activity of the Pt-TiO2 electrocatalyst for the CO oxidation is better than that of Pt.     

Catalysis by Using TiO2 Nanoparticles and Nanotubes

TiO2 has attracted considerable attention due to its stability, non-toxicity, low cost, and great potential for use as a photocatalyst in environmental applications. Since strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) of titania-supported noble metals was first reported in 1978, titania supported catalyst has been intensively studied in heterogeneous catalysis. However, the effective catalytic activity was restricted due to the low surface area of TiO2. Recently, TiO2-based nanotubes were extensively investigated because of their potentials in many areas such as highly efficient photocatalysis and hydrogen sensor.In the present study, formation of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes was carried out by hydrothermal method, with TiO2 nanoparticle-powders immersed in concentrated NaOH solution in an autoclave at 110 ℃. Preparation of nano-size Pt on TiO2-nanoparticles or TiO2-nanotubes was performed by photochemical deposition method with UV irradiation on an aqueous solution containing TiO2 and hexachloroplatinic acid or tetrachloroauric acid. The TEM micrographs show that TiO2-nanotubes exhibit ～300 nm in length with an inner diameter of ～ 6 nm and the wall thickness of ～ 2 nm, and homogeneous nanosize Pt particles (～ 2 nm) were well-dispersed on both nanoparticle- and nanotube- titania supports. It also shows the nanotube morphology was retained up2o n Pt-immobilization. Nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77K resulted a high surface area (～ 200m/g) of TiO2-nanotubes, which is about 40 times greater than that of "mother" TiO2 nanoparticles (～5 m/g). All the spectroscopic results exhibited that the nanotube structure was not significantly affected by the immobilized Pt particles. Ti K-edge XANES spectra of TiO2 nanotube and Pt/TiO2-nanotube represent that most titanium are in a tetrahedral coordination with few retained in the octahedral structure.In the in-situ FT-IR experiments, an IR cell was evacuated to a pressure of 10-5 torr at room temperature as soon as the catalyst-pellet, Pt/TiO2 or Pt/TiO2-nanotube, was placed inside the cell.Then, 60 torr of hydrogen was introduced into the cell and subsequently the temperature was programmed to increase from room temperature to 300℃ at a constant heating rate of 5℃/min.For Pt/TiO2, an IR peak at 2083 em-1 started to appear at 200℃ with a maximum intensity at 250℃ and then decreasing as temperature increased. The 2083 em-1 IR peak corresponds to the linearly adsorption of CO on the well-dispersed Pt sites. Simultaneously, the IR bands of gaseous methane at 3016 em-1 started to appear at 225℃ and the peak intensity increased with temperature. The results reveal that Pt/TiO2 can adsorb gaseous CO2 and further catalyzes the reduction of CO2 by H2 through the intermediate CO, which further produces gaseous methane. While for the Pt/TiO2-nanotube catalyst, methane was produced at relatively low temperature, 100℃, and it catalyzed the direct conversion of CO2 to CH4. The absence of intermediate CO-adsorption signals durinng the temperature programmed process indicates that the prepared TiO2 nanotube-supported nanosize Pt possesses a potent capability for CO2 adsorption and highly catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of CO2, and was superior to the conventional Pt/TiO2 catalyst. The catalytic activity of Pt/TiO2-nanotube was indeed significantly enhanced by the high surface area of TiO2-nanotubes.Details will be discussed.     

医院污水的电化学法消毒试验研究

应用电化学方法消毒处理医院污水,比较不同阳极材料消毒效果,并探讨消毒机理.试验表明,以涂有贵金属(钌、铂、铱)氧化物的钛板作阳极,不锈钢板作阴极,在电流密度6 mA/cm2、水力停留时间15 m in、空气流量为40 L/h、极水比为1.0的试验条件下,消毒后污水的总大肠菌群数<500CFU/L,达到国家一级排放标准(GB8978—1996).     

Development and Electrochemical Studies of Ruthenium Based Mixed Oxide Catalyst Electrodes for Chlorine Evolution

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离子液体中CNT/nanoTiO_2-Pt膜电极电催化氧化葡萄糖

循环伏安法研究葡萄糖在离子液体[EMI]BF4中于碳纳米管/纳米TiO2膜载Pt(CNT/nanoTiO2-Pt)复合膜电极上的电催化氧化.结果表明,CNT/nanoTiO2-Pt电极对葡萄糖氧化具有高催化活性,氧化电位为-0.46V;在组成为离子液体与水的体积比为3∶1的电解液中,葡萄糖的氧化效果最好.电极反应过程受浓差极化控制.     

电解-电化学混合电容器的制备与性能

为解决电化学电容器工作电压过低的问题, 本文以钽电解电容器的烧结型钽块为阳极, 聚苯胺(PANI)/TiO₂电化学电容器复合电极为阴极, 成功制备了高能量密度、高工作电压的电解-电化学混合电容器. PANI/TiO₂复合电极是通过在多孔阳极氧化钛纳米管阵列中电化学聚合PANI 制得. 该阴极具有优良的倍率特性, 当平均功率密度为0.55 mW·cm^-2时, 对应的比容量仍达到10.0 mF·cm^-2. 由于与电解电容器复合, 该混合电容器的单元工作电压可高达100 V. 而且电化学电容器阴极的比容量远大于阳极, 故阴极所需尺寸远小于阳极, 节省的空间可用于增大阳极尺寸, 从而使混合电容器的比容量极大提高. 所制备的混合电容器体积能量密度和质量能量密度分别是钽电解电容器的4 倍和3 倍. 将该混合电容器在100 V下进行短路充放电实验, 循环10000 次后发现容量未衰减, 等效串联电阻未增加, 显示出极好的循环稳定性和功率特性. 计算表明其最大功率密度高达847.5 W·g^-1. 电化学阻抗谱显示其具有优良的阻抗特性和频率特性.