钢管和有机玻璃管油水两相摩擦压降比较实验

本文对水平放置的内径为40 mm的钢管和有机玻璃管内的油水两相流动摩擦压降特性进行了比较实验研究.从实验方面含水率和混合流速等因素对钢管和有机玻璃管内油水两相油滴分散流摩擦阻力压降规律的影响进行了详细研究.实验结果表明:含水率和混合流速是影响压降的主要因素;在本实验范围内,除了分层流区域以外,有机玻璃管内的油水两相摩擦阻力压力梯度大于钢管内油水两相摩擦阻力压力梯度.     

R32/油混合物管内两相流动摩擦压降模型预测研究

R32具有很好的热物性,且GWP值相对较低,在制冷剂的替代进程中有潜力得到推广应用。在蒸汽压缩制冷系统中,润滑油难免随制冷剂混入换热部件,恶化制冷剂侧的流动特性。基于文献R32/油混合物两相流动摩擦压降实验数据,对比文献中四种模型的预测值和实验值。结果表明:在低质流密度工况下,文献模型对实验的结果预测精度较高,在高质流密度工况下,预测结果偏离了实验结果,且预测值均大于实验值,模型需进一步研究和优化。     

水平矩形小通道内气-液两相流摩擦压降的研究

本文以氮气和水为工质,在水平矩形小通道(dh=0.99 mm)中对两相流摩擦压降进行了实验研究.实验是在大气压力下进行的,氮气的折算流速的范围为0.017～33.3 m/s,水的折算流速的范围为0.1～5 m/s.实验对所得的219个数据点进行了分析,并同 L & M 关系式、L&L关系式、均相流模型以及均相流修正模型进行了比较,得出(1)L & M关系式比均相流模型、均相流修正模型以及 L & L 关系式的偏差都小,能更好地预测两相流压降变化.(2) L & M 关系式中的C在不同的流型(流型是由UGS、ULS以及dh决定)具有不同的值,在同一ULS下,C随X(UGS)的变化呈现一定的规律性,在X=7左右,C出现最大值,而此处恰好是块状流最激烈区域.但是C随ULS没有一定的规律性.     

水平管内乙烷饱和流动沸腾传热实验研究

本文对乙烷在内径为8 mm的水平管内进行了饱和流动沸腾传热特性的实验测量。实验测量的压力范围为0.35～0.57 MPa,热流范围为13.2～65.9 kW·m~(-2),流量范围为55.3～92.2 kg·m~(-2)·s~(-1),并系统分析了质量流量、热流密度、含气率对饱和流动沸腾传热系数的影响。最后将实验结果同九种关联式进行了比较,渐进模型的两种关联式和增强模型的两种关联式计算结果较好,平均偏差都小于15%。     

水平管内油水两相流流型及其转换规律研究

本文对水平放置圆管内的油水液液两相流的流型及其转变特性进行了实验研究,定义了不同流动条件下油水两相流的流型,并由实验所得数据给出了水平圆管内油水液液两相流的流型图。进而讨论了各流型之间的转变机理,并考察了影响流型的因素。采用无量纲准则数以及半理论公式对流型转变进行了预测,结果与实验数据基本吻合。并与他人的实验数据也进行了比较。     

油气两相流体纵掠水平螺旋扁管管束摩擦压降的实验研究

以汽油-压缩空气为介质,对气液两相流体纵掠螺距为200mm的螺旋扁管管束的摩擦压降进行了实验研究。讨论并分析了质量含气率、混合物质量流速对摩擦压降的影响。提出了两种预测两相摩擦压降的方法:全液相摩擦乘子、L-M关系式。     

水平管油水两相流摩擦阻力特性实验研究

本文对水平管内油水液液两相流的摩擦阻力压降特性进行了实验研究。水平管实验段由有机玻璃管制成,内径为40mm。根据油水两相流流型的不同,通过建立物理模型或对实验数据的整理得到了各种典型流型下的摩擦阻力压降计算式。揭示了摩擦阻力压降随混合物速度和体积含水率等的变化规律。     

动载下水平管内气水两相流流动特性

本文概要介绍了两流体模型及其控制方程,以及自主搭建的动载气水两相流系统实验台.利用气水两相流系统实验台旋转产生的动载条件进行了动载条件下气水两相流动实验,实时测量了空气和水的流量及试验段的压差,并在线测量了气水两相流动窄隙率.结果表明,过载对两相流动特性尤其足流量、压力和压降有显著影响.该研究结果在某种程度上有助于将两相流研究从自然状态扩展到载荷作用状态,同时为动载下气水两相流流动和传热的数值分析和理论研究打下一定基础.     

浆氮制备及其管内流动特性的实验研究

本文对冻结一融化法制备浆氮进行了研究,考查了真空泵抽速及冻结、融化时间对浆氮性质的影响,得到了制备含有细小固氮颗粒浆氮的方法。并研究了浆氮在内径10 mm的水平长直圆管中的流动性质。实验结果表明,当真空泵抽速大于4 L/s且冻结与融化时间分别为10 s与5 s时制备效率高且生成的固氮颗粒直径约1 mm。浆氮在水平圆管内流动时单位长度的压降略高于液相压降,且随流速和固相体积分数的增加而增加,在低速时固相体积分数对流动压降有明显影响。     

微细通道纳米与非纳米流体传热和压降对比研究

分别以0.2%、0.5%、1%质量分数的Al2O3-H2O纳米流体和去离子水为实验工质,在高2mm,宽1mm的矩形微细通道内进行纳米流体与非纳米流体两相沸腾传热和压降对比研究。实验结果表明:增加质量通量对两种工质换热系数影响都较小,但增加热流密度可提高换热系数;在相同工况下,与水基液相比,采用Al2O3-H2O纳米流体换热系数明显增大,且随着纳米流体质量分数的增加而增加,对于该实验换热系数可提高8%～17%;随着纳米颗粒质量分数和质量通量的增加,两相摩擦压降显著增大。     

竖直圆管内液氮流动沸腾流动压降的分析

文中对竖直圆管内液氮流动沸腾压降进行实验研究,分析热流密度、质量流量对液氮两相流动摩擦压降的影响以及热流密度对测试段总压降的影响。在本实验工况范围内,两相流摩擦压降随着热流密度和质量流速的增加而变大,且测试段总压降随着热流密度的增加而降低。分别利用均相模型、L-M模型和Chisholm B系数模型对实验结果进行预测,并比较了预测值与实验值,结果表明本实验工况下均相模型预测效果最好。     

Morphologies of Fe-66.7 at.%Si alloy solidified in a drop tube

Solidification of 0.1–1.0 mm diameter droplets of Fe-66.7 at.%Si alloy was achieved in a 3 m drop tube. The XRD, EDS, and SEM measurements reveal that all the droplets are composed of the primary phase α and the α+ε eutectic. With decreasing droplet diameter, the growth mode of the primary phase α changes from faceted to nonfaceted growth and the eutectic changes from needle-like to anomalous eutectic. In addition, the width of the primary phase α decreases with decreasing droplet size. The different cooling rates and undercooling levels corresponding to the samples with different sizes are responsible for the morphology changes. The cooling rates of the samples with different diameters during free fall were calculated and their effects on the microstructure formation were discussed. This kind of transition is also found inside the same sample, which is due to the larger cooling rate on the surface than at the center.     

Morphologies of Fe-66.7 at.%Si alloy solidified in a drop tube

Because of their unusual optical, thermoelectric, and magnetic properties, iron sili- cides have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Among them, particular at- tention has been paid to the orthorhombic semiconducting iron disilicide β-FeSi2 due to its direct band gap of about 0.85 eV at room temperature, which makes it a candidate material to be used in optoelectronic devices in near-infrared light sources and detectors. In addition, β-FeSi2 has good physical and chemical sta…     

Entropy Generation for Negative Frictional Pressure Drop in Vertical Slug and Churn Flows

It is widely accepted that the frictional pressure drop is impossible to be negative for pipe flow. However, the negative frictional pressure drops were observed for some cases of two-phase slug and churn flows in pipes, challenging the general sense of thermodynamic irreversibility. In order to solve this puzzling problem, theoretical investigations were performed for the entropy generation in slug and churn flows. It is found that the frictional pressure drop along with a buoyancy-like term contributes to the entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss for steady, incompressible slug and churn flows in vertical and inclined pipes. Experiments were conducted in a vertical pipe with diameter as 0.04 m for slug and churn flows. Most of the experimental data obtained for frictional pressure drop are negative at high gas–liquid ratios from 100 to 10,000. Entropy generation rates were calculated from experimental data. The results show that the buoyancy-like term is positive and responsible for a major part of entropy generation rate while the frictional pressure drop is responsible for a little part of entropy generation rate, because of which the overall entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss is still positive even if the frictional pressure drop is negative in vertical slug and churn flows. It is clear that the negative frictional pressure drops observed in slug and churn flows are not against the thermodynamics irreversibility.     

Undercooling and solidification of Ni77P23 alloy in a 52-m drop tube

This paper applies techniques of containerless processing, drop tube and glass fluxing, to undercool and solidify Ni77P23 alloys. Different diameter spheres were collected at the bottom of a 52-m long drop tube. Both crystalline and amorphous phase were formed in various size specimens due to the different cooling rate. The variation of partial undercooling with bulk undercooling is calculated for the Ni77P23 alloys. The deep undercooling and rapid solidification behaviour of Ni77P23 melts has been analysed with respect to microstructure formation and transition during fluxing and 52-m drop process of undercooled melts.     

载气汽油蒸汽在水平圆管内的冷凝

研究了空气质量含量在2%~13%,汽油蒸汽和空气的混合气体在水平管内的冷凝换热。并分析了不凝气体质量分数对管内冷凝换热的影响规律。得到Co随Re变化的冷凝换热系数的实验关联式。