Ground state properties of S = 1 antiferromagnetic chain systems studied by ESR

Electron spin resonance (ESR) was used to study the ground state properties of two kinds of spin (S) one Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain systems, namely a uniform chain system (HAUC), which is well known as the Haldane system, and a bond alternating chain system (HABA). To investigate and compare the features of the ground state, two nickel chain compounds doped with non-magnetic Zn²⁺ impurities were studied. The HAUC was modelled with Ni(1,3-pn)₂(μ-NO₂)(ClO₄)(1,3-pn = 1,3-propanediamine), abbreviated as NINO, while the HABA was modelled with Ni(333-tet)(μ-NO₂)(ClO₄) (333-tet = bis-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine), abbreviated as NTENP. Both systems have a singlet ground state with an excitation gap. The ground state of NINO approximates well to the valence bond solid state, thus producing S = 1/2 spins at the sites neighbouring the impurities. The angular dependence of the ESR signals of NINO:Zn is explained by the anisotropy of the g tensor for spin 1/2. On the other hand, the ground state of NTENP is expected to be in the singlet dimer phase based on the ratio of alternating bond strengths. In this case, it is expected that the S = 1 spins will appear at the sites neighbouring the impurities without forming the singlet dimer. From ESR studies of NTENP:Zn was observed the triplet state (S = 1), induced by the impurity doping, which is consistent with the above picture.     

Low-lying excitations in the S = 1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain

In order to confirm the picture of domain-wall excitations in the hidden antiferromagnetic order of the Haldane phase, the structure of the low-lying excitations in the S = 1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain is studied by a quantum Monte Carlo method. It is confirmed that there exists a finite energy gap between the first- and the second-excited states at k = π as well as between the ground state and the first-excited state at k = π. In the thermodynamic limit, the second-excited state at k = π is separated from the ground state by the gap which is three times as large as the Haldane gap. From the size dependences of the low-lying-excitation energies, the interactions between the elementary excitations in the excited states are concluded to be repulsive.     

Magnetic ground state of an experimental S=1/2 kagome antiferromagnet

We present a detailed analysis of the heat capacity of a near-perfect S=1/2 kagome antiferromagnet, zinc paratacamite Zn(x)Cu(4-x)(OH)(6)Cl(2), as a function of stoichiometry x-->1 and for fields of up to 9 T. We obtain the heat capacity intrinsic to the kagome layers by accounting for the weak Cu2+/Zn2+ exchange between the Cu and the Zn sites, which was measured independently for x=1 using neutron diffraction. The evolution of the heat capacity for x=0.8...1 is then related to the hysteresis in the magnetic susceptibility. We conclude that for x>0.8 zinc paratacamite is a spin liquid without a spin gap, in which unpaired spins give rise to a macroscopically degenerate ground state manifold with increasingly glassy dynamics as x is lowered.     

Zeeman levels with exotic field dependence in the high field phase of an S=1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain

We have performed electron spin resonance measurements over a wide frequency and magnetic field range on a single crystal of the S=1 quasi-one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet Ni(C5H14N2)2N3(PF6). We observed gapped excitation branches above the critical field H(c) where the Haldane gap closes. These branches are analyzed by a phenomenological field theory using the complex-field phi(4) model. A satisfactory agreement between experiment and theory is obtained.     

Modified spin-wave theory for the S = 1 frustrated antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain

We study the one-dimensional isotropic spin-1 Heisenberg magnet with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor (nn) and next-nearest-neighbor (nnn) interactions by using the modified spin wave theory (MSWT). The ground state energy and the singlet-triplet energy gap are obtained for several values of j, defined as the ratio of the nnn interaction constant to the nn one. We also compare two different ways of implementing the MSWT currently found in the literature, and show that, despite the remarkable differences between the equations to be solved in each procedure, the results given by both are equivalent, except for the predicted value of the j_max, the maximum value of j accessible in each treatment. Here, we suggest that j_max is related to the disorder point of the first kind. Our results show that the ground state and the gap energies increase with j, for j ≤j_max, in accordance to previous numerical results.     

Statistical approach to the antiferromagnetic ground state problem

The statistical approach is adopted in an attempt to find the antiferromagnetic ground state. As a result an eigenstate of the Heisenberg hamiltonian is found which is not the true ground state, but which could serve as a useful starting point for other methods.The author is grateful to ing. P. Novák for valuable discussions.     

S=1旋量Bose-Einstein凝聚中制备双模最大纠缠态方案

在旋量Bose-Einstein凝聚体(BEC)中引入量子Zeno子空间,将系统由3个自由度简化到2个自由度,给出了在S=1的反铁磁旋量BEC中制备双模最大纠缠态的方案.通过计算未简化系统中粒子数随时间的演化,证明了引入量子Zeno子空间简化系统的准确性.     

New polarization effect and collective excitation in S = 1/2 quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnetic quantum spin chain

Anomalous polarization characteristics of magnetic resonance in CuGeO₃ doped with 2% Co impurity are reported. For the Faraday geometry, this mode is damped for the microwave field B _ω aligned along a certain crystallographic direction, showing that the character of magnetic oscillation differs from the standard spin precession. The observed resonance coexists with the ESR on Cu²⁺ chains; it is argued not to be caused by “impurity” EPR, as previously claimed, but to correspond to a previously unknown collective mode of magnetic oscillations in an S = 1/2 AF quantum spin chain. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

About the existence of an antiferromagnetic ground state for the (1× 1) structure of Si(111)

A recent proposal by Duke and Ford (Surface Sci. 111 (1981) L685) of strong correlations at the metastable (1× 1) Si(111) surface is shown to be equivalent to our earlier theory of magnetic or charge instabilities at this surface. It is recalled how this can be discussed from a perturbation analysis. Estimates of the Coulomb parameter U are given using recent theoretical results for dangling bond states in silicon. They support the conclusion of an antiferromagnetic 2 × 1 ground state for this surface.