卫星振动对星间光码分多址系统性能的影响

卫星振动是影响星间光CDMA通信系统性能的一个重要因素.考虑多用户干扰、背景光噪音、热噪音、接收机噪音和卫星振动,给出了基于PPM信号格式的星间二维光CDMA通信系统的系统模型.采用数值分析的方法,详细分析了卫星振动对该系统误码率性能的影响.结果表明,码速率、通信波长和卫星振动都会影响星间二维光CDMA通信系统的误码率性能.当卫星振动标准偏差σ≤4×10－7时,卫星振动对系统误码率性能的影响较小;当卫星振动标准偏差σ≥1.2×10－6,卫星振动对系统误码率性能的影响很大,得到的误码率难以满足系统的通信要求,需要采用卫星振动抑制或补偿等技术提高星间二维光CDMA通信系统的误码率性能.     

像差对星间相干光通信接收系统误码性能的影响

以空间链路方程为基础,详细推导了具有不同像差时的星间相干光通信接收系统信噪比表达式。以通信距离为60000km、速率为2Gb/s的2PSK零差同步轨道接收系统为例,通过数值仿真,全面比较了接收天线的倾斜、离焦、彗差和像散等像差对接收系统误码率(εBER)的影响。结果表明,不同像差单独作用时,倾斜像差的影响最大,象散的影响最小;不同像差相互作用时,它们中的某些能部分实现相互校正,从而降低误码率。以εBER≤10-6为比较标准,当彗差W31/λ≤1.00时,调整倾斜像差能实现它们之间的部分校正;当像散W22/λ≤0.53时,调整离焦能对像散进行部分校正。因此,在设计接收系统时,接收天线的像差所产生的影响不容忽视。这将为设计星间相干通信接收系统提供必要的理论依据。     

基于Marcum Q函数的星间激光通信动态束腰控制

针对星间激光通信受瞄准误差影响较为严重的问题,提出了一种基于Marcum Q函数表示法的动态束腰控制方案。在不需要采取任何近似的情况下,利用Marcum Q函数给出了计算瞬时信道状态的闭合解析式,并建立了优化模型,通过模型求解,得到在已知瞬时瞄准误差角时的最优光束束腰半径的简单代数表达式,并给出了相应的动态束腰控制方案,该方案可有效抑制瞄准误差的影响。数值计算结果表明,采用动态束腰控制方案的系统性能要明显优于采用固定束腰控制方案的系统性能,且所提方案在系统误码率和中断概率性能上较传统动态束腰控制方案有一定的提升。     

基于贝克曼分布的星间激光通信链路性能优化

针对星间激光通信系统易受瞄准误差影响的问题,在瞄准误差服从贝克曼分布的条件下,利用三阶中心矩法将其等效为修正后的Rayleigh分布,分别在中断概率一定和发射功率一定的假设下,建立了发射功率优化模型和中断概率优化模型,并计算出了两种假设条件下高斯光束经天线发射时的最优均方根宽度。通过数值仿真,给出了考虑瞄准误差时的系统中断概率、最小发射功率与最优均方根宽度之间的关系。根据该数值分析结果,在明确瞄准误差分布规律的基础上,选择最优的高斯光束均方根宽度,以实现最优星间激光通信链路性能。     

Gamma-Gamma湍流信道中大气光通信系统误码特性分析

大气信道中的大气湍流是影响无线激光通信系统性能的主要因素之一, 其引起的强度闪烁效应会对接收信号的提取和还原造成很大干扰。基于Gamma-Gamma概率分布的大气湍流信道统计模型, 研究了利用副载波相移键控(PSK)强度调制技术的大气光通信系统的误码特性; 推导了副载波二进制相移键控(BPSK)及开关键控(OOK)两种调制模式下的系统误码率表达式; 对在一定条件下的大气光通信系统, 比较了副载波BPSK和OOK两种调制模式的误码特性; 分析了链路特征、接收口径尺寸、通信波长和天顶角等因素对系统误码率的影响。结果表明, 增大接收孔径和通信波长都能有效地降低系统误码率, 而天顶角的增大则会使系统误码率增加, 副载波BPSK调制模式的误码特性要优于OOK调制模式的误码特性。     

一种X射线聚焦光学及其在X射线通信中的应用

基于栅控脉冲发射X射线源与单光子探测技术的X射线通信已经实现了实验室语音通信验证,并对通信系统的误码率性能进行了分析,为探索未来X射线深空应用打下了坚实的基础.针对目前X射线通信面临的信号发散角大、通信距离短、难以实现工程化应用的情况,迫切需要对X射线通信天线系统进行深入研究.为了提高信号增益、增大X射线通信的距离,提出了多层嵌套式X射线聚焦光学作为X射线通信的"收发天线",理论分析了X射线聚焦光学用于X射线通信"收发天线"的可行性,分析了X射线聚焦光学的理论基础与结构设计,对"发射天线"发散角、"接收天线"有效面积与焦斑尺寸、信号增益等性能做了探讨.结果表明:在信号发射端,"天线"的发散角为3 mrad左右,发射增益23 d B;在信号接收端,"接收天线"的有效面积5700 mm2@1.5 keV,焦斑直径为4.5 mm,接收增益为25 d B,通信系统总的增益可达48 d B.     

水下平台对卫星上行激光通信研究

在合理选择通信系统参量和通信信道参量的基础上,利用Monte Carlo方法模拟了卫星接收到的水下平台上行激光通信信号.分析了卫星接收信号的空间和时间分布特性,以及与望远镜接收视场角的关系,并计算了接收信号的信噪比,得出了3°望远镜视场角和15 μs信号积分时间的优化参量.基于计算结果,根据激光脉冲的PPM调制方式和最大似然检测方法,计算了系统的通信误码率,同时分析了海气界面、云等传输介质对通信的影响.研究结果表明:根据文中给定通信系统参量,在典型海水、海气界面、云等环境条件下,卫星与激光信号中心水平距离5 km范围内信号误码率<10－4.因此位于水下60 m的水下平台可能实现对卫星上行激光通信.     

太阳辐射对卫星光通信系统的影响分析

为了分析太阳辐射对卫星光通信系统造成的影响,利用太阳常数和微元法计算了辐照到目标物体表面的太阳辐射功率。结合地面通信终端的接收信号功率,分析了在太阳辐射影响下的系统信噪比和误码率,并给出了满足系统误码率10-9条件下,发射信号功率、俯仰角以及跟瞄误差之间的关系。结果表明对日俯仰角需要被限制在一个很小的变化范围,而增大信号发射功率和减小系统跟瞄误差都是提高卫星光通信系统可靠性的有效途径。     

基于MIMO的无人机斜程激光通信性能分析北大核心CSCD

研究了大气湍流信道下无人机“空-地”斜程激光通信的下行链路单输入多输出(single input multiple output, SIMO)和上行链路多输入单输出(multiple input single output, MISO)技术。基于双伽马(Gamma-Gamma)分布的大气湍流模型,利用Meijer函数推导了大气湍流和指向误差联合影响下的SIMO下行链路误码率闭合表达式;利用α-μ分布建立了Gamma-Gamma湍流模型的MISO上行链路误码率性能近似表达式。系统研究了天线数、天顶角和指向误差对系统的影响,研究结果表明,空间分集技术可以有效改善系统的误码率性能,当束散角为500μrad、下行链路接收器和上行链路发射器为3时就可以得到超过10 dB的性能优化;天顶角对“空-地”斜程激光通信误码率性能影响显著,要达到系统误码率10-6的性能要求,天顶角需控制在30°左右的较小范围内。     

一种基于运动式发射天线的光学接收天线设计

设计一款应用于多发射天线多接收天线自由空间激光通信系统中的折射式光学接收天线。天线焦距120.02 mm,相对孔径1∶1.13,工作波长为850 nm,波长范围覆盖820 nm ~880 nm,在50 lp/mm频率处0视场的MTF为0.5。接收天线可以在发射天线移动48 mm范围内利用光敏面直径为0.5 mm的雪崩光电二极管（APD）接收3 mrad发散角的光信号。该天线由两组、共4片球面透镜组成,结构简单,可实现对运动式发射天线的光信号的接收。     

Analysis of outage probability for radio over IsOWC system in the presence of pointing error

In this paper, we analyze the outage probability of the radio over intersatellite optical wireless communication system in the presence of satellite vibration with bias error. The lower-based Mach–Zehnder modulator, optical booster amplifier and optical preamplifier are employed. First, the models of the proposed system and channel are given. Then the outage probability for a given bit error ratio (BER) of a quadrature phase shift keying signal is obtained in the presence of satellite vibration with bias error. Numerical results of outage probability with different bias error and average BER are given. Results indicate that the outage probability is obviously influenced by the pointing error and the optimum telescope diameter to minimize the outage probability exists. With the same pointing error condition, the value of the optimal telescope diameter will increase with the reduction of the given average BER.     

Influence of satellite vibration on optical communication performance for intersatellite laser links

For intersatellite laser links, vibration-induced pointing jitter severely influences the communication quality as a result of intensity fluctuation. In this paper the probability density function of normalized intensity at the receiver is derived in the presence of pointing jitter taking consideration of bias error. Accordingly, the scintillation index is developed to identify the impact of bias error on intensity fluctuation. Furthermore the bit error rate (BER) is obtained as a function of the beam divergence angle and vibration variance. Qualitative analysis is also given, and the numerical simulation is carried out for demonstration. Results suggested that bias error has a significant detrimental impact on optical terminals which should be considered in system design. This work can benefit the intersatellite optical system design.     

Acquisition performance analysis for intersatellite optical communications with vibration influence

A stable and accurate pointing, acquisition system is an important part of initially building intersatellite optical communication links. Satellite platform vibration can cause the system instability and reduce the system precision in building and maintenance of a satellite optical communication system. In this paper, vibration influence is consciously discussed by acquisition time for intersatellite optical communications. Analytical expression of acquisition possibility is derived, taking the scan parameters and platform vibration into account, and vibration influence on the multi-scan acquisition time is also presented. The theoretical result calculated by the proposed analytical expression is approximate to the result by the Monte Carlo simulation.     

空间光通信中基本振动对误码率的影响分析

在探讨卫星振动对空间光通信系统误码率所产生的影响时，有必要分析不同振动类型的影响问题。为了使讨论简单，本文主要侧重对正弦振动进行分析。分析结果表明，当振动持续时间为整周期时，误码率仅为振幅的函数，此时误码率随振幅的增加迅速上升，而与振动频率无关；当振动持续时间为非整周期时，误码率随时间的增加而波动，波动的起伏逐渐减小，误码率趋于仅与振幅有关的常数。该项工作为今后研究卫星复杂振动对空间光通信的影响打下了基础，同时也为研究对卫星振动影响的补偿分析提供了有意义的参考     

恒星背景噪声对星间激光链路跟瞄系统影响的仿真分析

在恒星辐照度谱模型的基础上,根据卫星轨道理论及恒星数据库建立仿真实验系统,对低轨卫星与中继卫星间(LEO_GEO)、中继卫星间(GEO_GEO)、低轨卫星间(LEO_LEO)三种典型的星间激光链路进行了仿真研究,深入分析了恒星背景噪声对卫星光通信终端跟瞄子系统的影响规律、背景光功率等特性。仿真结果表明:对于视场较大的LEO终端,恒星进入视场的概率约为7%~10%,而对于视场较小的GEO终端,恒星进入视场的概率仅为0.05%,恒星背景光功率约为10-13~10-11W。该项工作对星间激光链路设计、光通信系统参数优化等工作具有一定指导意义。     

Effect of plane-mirror installation errors on pointing errors in periscope-type satellite optical communication terminals

In a satellite optical communication system, the pointing error is an important factor that strongly influences the system performance. For periscope-type satellite optical communication terminals, installation errors of 45° plane mirrors in the coarse point apparatus (CPA) can lead to pointing errors. In this respect, we classify the installation errors of two 45° plane mirrors in the system and derive the corresponding ??transfer?? matrices to describe them. Furthermore, we establish mathematical models of the pointing error caused by installation errors of 45° plane mirrors. These models allow one to calculate and compensate the pointing errors in periscope-type satellite optical communication terminals. The results of our simulations show that the pointing errors vary with the elevation axis angle but do not depend on the azimuth axis angle. Compared to the side-angle error, the slope-angle error brings a larger pointing error. However, the mathematical model we developed allows one to compensate more than 99.9?% of the overall pointing error. The present work provides a theoretical basis for the design of periscope-type satellite optical communication terminals.     

大气闪烁对无线光CDMA通信系统性能的影响

将光CDMA技术应用到无线光通信中。提出了基于脉冲位置调制的二维大气无线光CDMA通信系统，并分析了该通信系统的性能。考虑多用户干扰、APD噪声以及热噪声等干扰因素的影响，采用数值分析的方法，详细分析了大气湍流引起的大气闪烁对二维无线光CDMA通信系统误码率的影响。结果表明，大气闪烁是影响二维无线光CDMA系统误码率性能的一个重要因素；当大气闪烁的对数方差较小(如σ2s=0.1)时，该系统可以实现高速率通信；当大气闪烁的对数方差较大(σ2s≥0.2)时，在有限的光功率条件下，该系统难以实现通信，需要采用信道编码技术来提高系统的误码率性能。     

Mutual alignment errors due to localized distortion in free-space laser communication links

Instead of Zernike polynomials, truncated Gaussian function is proposed to express localized wave-front deformation in studying mutual alignment errors in free-space laser communication links, which simplifies the calculation. Mutual alignment errors include pointing and tracking errors which depend on transmitting and receiving optical system, respectively. It is shown that both pointing and tracking errors depend on three parameters (the center value A, the radius a and the distance d) of Gaussian localized distortion and change regularly as they increase. The maximum pointing and tracking errors always appear around A = 0.4λ (rms = π). Moreover, pointing error is more sensitive to localized wave-front deformation than tracking error. Beam truncation ratio has great influence on pointing error, and obscuration ratio has less influence on pointing and tracking errors except that antenna secondary mirror shelters parts of the localized deformation. To reduce the influence of localized aberrations, the principles how to choose the optical devices with large aperture are given, and a method that aligns the pointing direction to compensate pointing and tracking errors is suggested. The work will contribute to the design of free-space laser communication systems.     

Analysis of capacity and outage probability for intersatellite optical communications in the presence of random pointing jitter

This work is motivated by the need to achieve the Shannon channel capacity for intersatellite optical communication with intensity modulation and direct detection. In this paper, we investigate the tradeoff between the channel capacity and the outage probability in the presence of random pointing jitter for intersatellite optical links. First, we derive an analytical expression of the outage probability in the absence of bias error, and then the bias error is taken into account. By minimizing the outage probability, we obtain analytically the optimum design of the beam half-width divergence angle $ w_0^{\text{opt}} $ for a given channel code rate. Furthermore, we discuss the tradeoff between the outage probability and the channel capacity and illustrate the results by adopting $ w_0^{\text{opt}} $ in the presence of random pointing jitter. The results obtained are useful for the parametric-estimation optimization of intersatellite optical communication systems.