色谱法测定固体比表面

测定固体比表面的方法很多,应用最广的是对气体或蒸气的吸附方法。而吸附法又可分为两种:静态吸附法和动态吸附法。静态吸附法是在低温(液体氮的温度)、高真空(10~(-4)—10~(-5)毫米汞柱)条件下吸附气体的方法,这个方法在目前是测量比表面较准确的方法之一,但因设备和技术上的困难在国内尚未获得广泛的应用;动态吸附法是在常温常压流动体系下测量吸附剂对气体的吸附重量法,此法设备较简单     

D302-Ⅱ-3阴离子交换树脂吸附铼的性能研究及应用

本文用静态法研究了D302-Ⅱ-3弱碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附铼的酸度、吸附速率、吸附反应热焓及吸附容量等性能,并用动态法考察了吸附酸碱度、吸附流速和饱和吸附容量等对吸附的影响,用于废渣中铼的提取,铼的回收率达83%以上,获得较为满意的结果。     

硅胶负载硫脲型吸附材料对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

研究了通过均相法和异相法合成的硅胶负载硫脲型吸附材料(HO-SG-GPTS-TS和HE-SG-GPTS-TS)对Zn(II)的吸附性能,考察了溶液p H值、温度、时间及金属离子初始浓度等因素对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,均相法合成产物HO-SG-GPTS-TS对Zn(II)的吸附量较异相法合成产物HE-SG-GPTS-TS高。对Zn(II)的最佳吸附p H值均为6。等温吸附结果表明,随温度及浓度的升高,对Zn(II)的吸附量增大,吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层吸附;D-R模型拟合结果表明,对Zn(II)平均吸附自由能均大于8k J/mol,为化学吸附过程。动力学研究表明,吸附材料对Zn(II)的吸附符合拟二级动力学模型,为液膜扩散控制过程。     

吸附法和溶胶-凝胶法固定化醇脱氢酶比较研究

采用吸附法与溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)包埋法固定化醇脱氢酶(ADH),对两种方法固定化的ADH的活性进行了比较.采用大孔硅胶为载体对ADH进行吸附,研究了吸附动力学和吸附平衡,得到了吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线,ADH在硅胶上的吸附等温线可以用Langmuir方程拟合.并且考察了硅胶孔径对ADH吸附量的影响,发现大孔径的硅胶对ADH有着较大吸附量.同时采用sol-gel法对ADH进行包埋固定化.在PH 7.0、25℃下,对两种固定化酶催化甲醛转化为甲醇的反应活性进行比较.由实验测得的反应初速度及拟合得到的米氏常数表明吸附法固定化ADH表现出比sol-gel法固定化ADH高的催化活性.     

矿石中超微量铂的极谱测定

为摆脱火法的庞杂设备和繁重劳动,现已有多种湿法富集铂的方法,如共沉淀法、离子交换法和活性炭吸附法等。本文以湿法处理试样,对离子交换和活性炭吸附富集铂的效果进行比较,试验结果证明:采用活性炭动态吸附富集微量     

大孔吸附树脂对金莲花黄色素的吸附性能研究

本文研究了大孔吸附树脂吸附金莲花黄色素的性能.研究结果表明:采用静态吸附法,从X-5、AB-8、D-296R、NKA、S-8 五种吸附树脂中筛选出一种吸附、解吸性能都较为理想的大孔吸附树脂X-5,并对其进行了静态吸附动力学的研究,得出的静态吸附动力学曲线反映了树脂的吸附量随时间的变化关系,其吸附动力学方程符合Langmiur提出的吸附速率方程.采用动态吸附法,得到动态吸附透过曲线和动态解吸曲线,其中采用80%乙醇溶液作为洗脱剂,其动态解吸率为88.79%.     

测定吸附等温线的三元氮吸附法

本文介绍一种改进的氮吸附等温线测定方法——三元氮吸附法。与经典BET容量法及Lippens法不同,此法操作简便,在20小时内,可同时测出三个不同样品的比表面、孔容及孔分布。一、三元氮吸附装置及实验方法     

Cu/SiO2催化剂制备方法对其草酸二甲酯催化氢解性能的影响

以化学吸附水解法、蒸氨法和浸渍法制备了Cu/SiO2催化剂, 并用于草酸二甲酯氢解制备乙二醇的反应. 发现用化学吸附水解法制备的催化剂具有最高的催化活性和乙二醇选择性, 乙二醇得率可达92.6%. 对还原前后不同方法制备的催化剂进行表征发现, 浸渍法制备的催化剂中Cu物种不能很好地得到分散, 因此活性较差. 蒸氨法和化学吸附水解法能较好地分散Cu物种. 由于化学吸附水解法制备的催化剂的Cu0表面积较蒸氨法的大, 且Cu＋表面积相当, 故活性高于蒸氨法制备的催化剂.     

活性炭吸附脱除水中抗生素污染物研究进展

活性炭对抗生素污染物吸附性能的主要影响因素是其孔结构和化学结构性质。活性炭孔结构的构建方法可分为活化法、模板法和原位法,化学结构性质的调控方法可分为后处理法和原位法,掺杂的元素有氧、氮、硫、磷、硼等。围绕抗生素污染物的吸附,综述了活性炭的性质调控方法,并展望了活性炭性质调控的发展方向,为新型高效活性炭吸附剂的构建及吸附机理的研究提供了指导与借鉴。     

迎头色谱法测定气体吸附等温线

本文利用一种新的气体迎头色譜法,測定純气体和气体混合物的吸附等温綫,这方法的基础是測量和比較气体进入吸附柱的速度和从吸附柱出来的速度。吸附气体代替原来填充在吸附柱内的惰性气体时,到吸附气体透过时的出来的气体体积即表示仪器的死空間,所以死空間就不必另外測定。     

A novel and simple method for finding the heterogeneity of adsorbents on the basis of adsorption kinetic data

The heterogeneity of adsorbent was characterized by a novel and simple method that uses adsorption kinetic data from solution. On the basis of different simulated adsorption kinetic data for heterogeneous adsorbents with two different adsorption sites, it was found that there is a deviation from linearity in pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic models. The patterns of obtained diagrams (t/qt vs t) shows five main classes of adsorption. On the basis of this novel and simple method it is possible to show that the surface of adsorbents is homogeneous or heterogeneous, and in the case of heterogeneous surfaces it is possible to find the differences between adsorption sites. For finding kinetic constants of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces with two different sites, a new equation was presented and called the two-site pseudo-second-order (TS-PSO) model. Finally, some experimental kinetic data of adsorption were analyzed by the new method.     

Gibbs系综Monte Carlo模拟甲烷的吸附平衡

在263、298和313 K下,对甲烷在1.91 nm的活性炭孔中的吸附平衡进行了Gibbs系综Monte Carlo(GEMC)模拟的研究.改进了GEMC方法,使之可用于模拟指定压力下的吸附平衡.通过改进的GEMC模拟,得到了在1.91 nm的活性炭中甲烷在263、298和313 K时的吸附等温线;发现263 K时的超额吸附量要大于298 K、313 K时的超额吸附量; 且不同温度下的超额吸附等温线均存在一最大超额吸附.263 K时,超额吸附量在5.0 MPa时出现最大值;而298 K、313 K时超额吸附量则在7.0 MPa时出现最大值.此工作为不同温度下天然气吸附存贮过程的开发及设计提供了依据.     

Sum of ranking differences in comparison of nickel-coated carbon nanofibers adsorbents in capacity and randomness of 1-butanethiol (1-butyl mercaptan) adsorption

Desulfurization of petroleum derivatives has been one of the main concerns of producers. Application of adsorption in desulfurization is one of the reliable strategies. Thus, development of new and better adsorbents is main goal of researchers. In this work, carbon nanofibers were coated with nickel by electroless plating method to be used in adsorption of 1-butanethiol (1-butyl mercaptan) for the first time. Nickel amount in these structures was varied and adsorption behavior studied. To characterize the prepared adsorbent, concentration variation of mercaptan was determined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares chemometrics method as a new way. Also, potentiometry method was used to determine the mercaptan concentration during the adsorption process as a standard method. The data which were achieved by the two mentioned methods are processed by sum of ranking differences chemometrics method separately to compare the adsorption behavior of adsorbents. By using sum of ranking differences, it was concluded that with increment in amount of coated nickel, adsorption capacity would increase and random behavior in adsorption process would decrease. Also, this study showed that attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares can be applied to study the concentration variations of mercaptan as a reliable method.     

The Effects of Di- or Polysulfonates on Adsorption of Petroleum Sulfonates

Petroleum sulfonates was separated into several fractions with conventional extraction method according to the polarity of extraction solvent. The relative content of mono-, di-, or polysulfonates in each fraction was determined by using high pressure liquid chromatography and then the average sulfonic amount of each fraction can be calculated according to above results. The equivalent weight of each fraction was measured by both two-phase titration method and ESI-MS method, and the results shows the tow methods are comparatively coincident. Furthermore, the mean molecular weight of each fraction can be calculated with the average sulfonic amount and the equivalent weight. Adsorption isotherm and coreflooding adsorption test were both conducted to determine the adsorption amount and adsorption rate of each fraction. It was found that the fraction with the minimum equivalent weight is middle mean molecular weight and its adsorption amount on reservoir sand is maximal. Moreover, two fractions have a tendency to come to saturated adsorption in coreflooding adsorption test, but the time needed for saturated adsorption is distinctly different. However, the total adsorption amount of the other fractions keeps increasing at all time. The mechanisms accounting for the difference of adsorption performance were proposed on the basis of the diverse composition of the fraction.     

Adsorption volume and absolute adsorption: 1. Adsorption from a gaseous phase

Important concepts of adsorption science, such as excess and absolute adsorption isotherms and adsorption space volume, are critically analyzed and their status is discussed. An adequate method is proposed for evaluating the adsorption volume of solid adsorbents having arbitrary structures from excess adsorption isotherms. The method is tested by the example of five adsorption systems examined at a wide range of equilibrium pressures.     

Crystal-face-selective adsorption of Au nanoparticles onto polycrystalline diamond surfaces

Crystal-face-selective adsorption of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) was achieved on polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) surface via the self-assembly method combined with a UV/ozone treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of crystal-face-selective adsorption on an inorganic solid surface. Hydrogen-plasma-treated BDD samples and those followed by UV/ozone treatment for 2 min or longer showed almost no adsorption of AuNP after immersion in the AuNP solution prepared by the citrate reduction method. However, the samples treated by UV/ozone for 10 s showed AuNP adsorption on their (111) facets selectively after the immersion. Moreover, the sample treated with UV/ozone for 40-60 s showed AuNP adsorption on the whole surface. These results indicate that the AuNP adsorption behavior can be controlled by UV/ozone treatment time. This phenomenon was highly reproducible and was applied to a two-step adsorption method, where AuNPs from different batches were adsorbed on the (111) and (100) surface in this order. Our findings may be of great value for the fabrication of advanced nanoparticle-based functional materials via bottom-up approaches with simple macroscale procedures.     

Adsorption volume and absolute adsorption: 2. Adsorption from liquid phase

A critical analysis of the isotherms of excess and absolute adsorption, as well as the adsorption space performed in the first part [1] is continued; however, as applied to the equilibrium physical adsorption from the liquid phase. The correct method is proposed for evaluating the adsorption volume of solid adsorbents with an arbitrary structure by the isotherm of excess adsorption of binary mixture of liquids. This method is successfully tested for nine different adsorption systems.     

二次嫁接法制备氨基修饰的硅基二氧化碳吸附剂

采用二次嫁接法制备了一系列氨基修饰的SBA-15二氧化碳(CO₂)吸附剂,利用XRD、BET、热重、元素分析、电镜、红外等表征手段对吸附剂进行了表征,并通过固定床测量穿透曲线的方法研究了其CO₂吸附性能,分别考察了不同制备途径和不同有机胺类型等因素对吸附剂结构以及其CO₂吸附性能的影响,同时,还通过多次吸脱附实验考察了吸附剂循环吸脱附的稳定性。结果表明,超声法所制备的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)嫁接的吸附剂具有最优的CO₂吸附性能,在CO₂分压为10 kPa,反应温度为25 ℃时,吸附量达到1.72 mmol/g;进行多次循环吸脱附实验后,吸附量未见明显降低,表明吸附剂具有稳定的循环吸附性能。     

定容-氧气循环燃烧法测定捕收剂的吸附量

研究了一种定容-氧气循环燃烧法测定捕收剂吸附量的方法,并与传统的溶剂萃取-分光光度法进行了比较。实验表明,定容-氧气循环燃烧法较溶剂萃取-分光光度法测定油酸钠在磷矿石表面的吸附量更简便、准确。     

用吸附数据对硅胶表面的分形分析

根据一种中孔硅胶对甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和四氯化碳蒸气吸附等温线的单层区域和毛细凝结区域的数据以及自四氯化碳稀溶液中吸附系列脂肪醇的结果计算了该硅胶表面分形维数D.除了由吸附四氯化碳等温线毛细凝结区域所得D值低于2外,由其它吸附数据得出的该硅胶的分维D近似相等(D=2.06±0.05).中孔硅胶低D值可用其孔结构特性解释.