钪原子的自电离里德伯能级3d4s(1D2)nf2 D3/2,3d4s(1D2)nf2 F5/2和3d4s(1D2)np2 D3/2<

在多通道量子亏损理论框架下,利用相对论多通道理论,分别在冻结实近似和考虑偶极极化下计算钪原子的J^π=(3/2)^-,(5/2)^-的三个收敛于 3d4s(¹D₂)的自电离里德伯系列的能级.对3d4s(¹D₂)np²D_3/2和3d4s(^{1 关键词： 相对论多通道理论 多通道量子亏损理论 电子-电子关联 自电离里德伯系列}     

Effect of unitarization on the amplitudes for the decays K10 → π+π? and K+ → π+π+π?

The unitarization of the amplitude for the decay process K ₁⁰ → π⁺π⁻ and allowance for the rescattering of final-state pions in the decay process K ⁺ → π⁺π⁺π⁻ make it possible to evaluate, by using the parameters extracted from data on K → 2π decays, the K ⁺ → π⁺π⁺π⁻ decay width. The result agrees with the experimental width value at a level of a few percent. Allowance for corrections for higher order terms of the momentum expansion of the amplitude for the decay process K ⁺ → π⁺π⁺π⁻ leads to the slope-parameter value of g ₊₊₋^th = 0.2182, which agrees with its experimental counterpart, g ₊₊₋^exp = 0.2154 ± 0.0035.     

Study of the spectrum of CH335C1 between 4250 and 4600 CM?1: thev2+v4 andv4+v5 rovibrational bands

About 2500 lines of CH₃ ³⁵Cl have been assigned. The strong xy Coriolis resonance between thev ₂ andv ₅ modes is quite visible between thev ₄+v ₄ ^±1 perpendicular band, centered around 4383 cm^–1, and thev ₄ ^±1 +v ₅ ^±1 perpendicular component, centered around 4475 cm^–1, with a crossing of upper energy levels allowing the observation of lines which are normally forbidden. Although not yet observed with certainty, because of the great density of lines of the spectrum, thev ₄ ¹ +v ₅ ^±1 parallel component is nevertheless detectable by its effects onv ₂+v ₄ ^±1 which is linked by Coriolis resonance to both components ofv ₄+v ₅. Moreover the spectrum is much complicated by many other resonances with weak bands which occur at level crossings: it is the case ofv ₂+3v ₆ ^±1 , connected tov ₂+v ₄ ^±1 by the well known Darling Dennison resonance which couplesv ₄ ^±1 and 3v ₆ ^±1 , and also ofv ₅ ^±1 +3v ₆ ^±1 connected tov ₄ ^±1 +v ₅ ^±1 by the same resonance; but this last case is complicated by an anharmonic resonance betweenv ₅ ^±1 +3v ₆ ^±1 and 2v ₃+3v ₆ ¹ . Two more perturbations occur on the K=–1 side ofv ₂+v ₄: a weak Coriolis resonance gives rise to one subband ofv ₁+v ₂ at a level crossing withv ₂+v ₄, and thev ₁+v ₅ band (linked of course tov ₁+v ₂ by the Coriolis resonance between thev ₂ andv ₅ modes) is quite visible and perturbs several subbands ofv ₂+v ₄ of high values of K through an anharmonic resonance. Moreover, the complex (3v ₅ ^±1 ,v+2v ₅ ⁰ , 2v ₂+v ₅ ^±1 , 3v ₂,v ₂+2v ₅ ^±2 , 3v ₅ ^±3 ) system of Coriolis-connected bands is linked to the bands studied in the present work by two Fermi resonances: one betweenv ₂+2v ₅ ⁰ andv ₁+v ₂, and the other one betweenv ₁+v ₅ and 3v ₅ ^±1 , whose several subbands have been observed on the low part of the spectrum. The values of all the band centres and of the different coupling constants have been estimated, but all these interactions make the line assignments and the interpretation of the spectrum very difficult.     

Tm3+浓度对Y2（MoO4）3：Tm3+，Yb3+荧光粉上转换发光性质的影响

采用传统的高温固相反应法合成了Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺杂Y₂（MoO₄）₃系列荧光粉。XRD结果表明合成的样品为相纯度好的Y₂（MoO₄）₃。在980 nm光激发下,样品具有较强的位于487 nm和800 nm的蓝色和近红外发射,同时伴有较弱的位于649 nm的红光发射。它们分别来自于Tm³⁺的¹G₄→³H₆、³H₄→³H₆和¹G₄→³F₄跃迁。根据功率相关的上转换发射和能级图分析了Tm³⁺的上转换发光机制。结果表明,¹G₄和³H₄能级的布居分别来自于三光子和两光子的能量传递上转换。此外,随着Tm³⁺浓度的增加,蓝色、红色和近红外发射带均呈先增加后降低的趋势,即发生了浓度猝灭。同时,蓝光发射和近红外发射的强度比随Tm³⁺掺杂浓度的增加而减小。     

Yb3+,Tm3+离子掺杂浓度对NaYF4：Yb3+,Tm3+发光光谱的影响

利用高温热溶剂法合成了不同Yb³⁺和Tm³⁺掺杂浓度的NaYF₄：Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺上转换发光纳米粒子。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析、荧光光谱对样品进行形貌和发光性质的表征。结果表明,不同Yb³⁺和Tm³⁺离子掺杂浓度对纳米粒子的上转换发光性质有很大影响。随着Tm³⁺离子浓度的提高,Tm³⁺离子之间的浓度猝灭和交叉弛豫效应对发光强度的影响愈来愈显著,导致纳米粒子的发光猝灭;同样,随着Yb³⁺浓度的提高,纳米粒子的发光强度也是先增大后减小,这是因为Yb³⁺离子浓度掺杂过高导致发光猝灭。     

Measurement of the hadronic decay current in τ?→π??+vτ

The properties of hadronic Z⁰ decays with final state photons, measured with OPAL at LEP, have been compared with predictions from two different matrix element calculations ofO( _s ). Two calculations, GNJETS and EEPRAD, have been investigated which use different schemes to restrict the phase space around the poles of the cross section. Assuming the E0-JADE jet definition, both calculations describe the data well in large regions of phase space fory _cut values around 0.06. For very large and very small jet-photon masses some deviations from the predictions have been found, indicating the importance of higher order corrections. Significant differences between the calculations are only apparent in the predicted rate of 1-jet plus photon events. The rate is higher in GNJETS which reproduces the data better than EEPRAD.     

Relativistic calculations of 3s2 1S0-3s3p 1P1 and 3s2 1S0-3s3p 3P1,2 transition probabilities in the Mg isoelectronic sequence

Using the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock self-consistent field method and the relativistic configuration-interaction method,calculations of transition energies,oscillator strengths and rates are performed for the 3s 2 1 S 0-3s3p 1 P 1 spinallowed transition,3s 2 1 S 0-3s3p 3 P 1,2 intercombination and magnetic quadrupole transition in the Mg isoelectronic sequence(Mg I,Al II,Si III,P IV and S V).Electron correlations are treated adequately,including intravalence electron correlations.The influence of the Breit interaction on oscillator strengths and transition energies are investigated.Quantum electrodynamics corrections are added as corrections.The calculation results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data and other theoretical calculations.     

Tm3+掺杂SrAl2O4:Eu2+的光激励和热释光性能

通过高温固相法制备出Sr_{0.98-xAl2O4:0.02Eu²⁺,xTm³⁺(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05)系列样品,并对其光激励和热释光性能进行了研究。在SrAl2O4:Eu²⁺原有陷阱能级结构的基础上,通过Tm³⁺的掺杂引入了更深的陷阱TB,并增加原有陷阱TA浓度,进而优化了材料的光存储容量及光激励特性。对比研究了系列样品的初始光激励发光强度和热释光强度随着Tm³⁺掺杂量的变化规律,证实陷阱TB为光激励发光提供了有效俘获中心。当Tm³⁺的掺杂摩尔分数x=0.03时,材料中的陷阱TB的浓度达到最高值,同时光激励发光强度最大。对比Tm³⁺共掺前后热释光图谱,通过Chen's半宽法计算出了引入陷阱TB的陷阱深度。实验结果证实材料中TB的浓度对其光激励发光性能起着决定性的作用。在980 nm激发下,由深陷阱TB释放出来的电子可以再次被浅陷阱TA俘获,这种浅陷阱TA的再俘获效应在光激励发光过程中表现为光激励余辉现象。}     

Gd3+掺杂对NaYF4∶Yb3+,Tm3+/Er3+3+纳米材料上转换荧光性能的影响

利用温和的溶剂热方法合成了具有上转换发光性能的Yb3+-Tm3+和Yb3+-Er3+共掺的纳米NaYGdF4。在该体系中, 通过调节Gd3+在基质中的掺杂量可以有效地控制产物的相变、尺寸以及上转换荧光性能。XRD和TEM分析结果表明, Gd3+的掺入在促进NaYF4纳米颗粒由立方相到六方相转变的同时有助于减小其尺寸。上转换光谱研究表明, 在Yb3+-Tm3+和Yb3+-Er3+共掺体系中, 可通过优化Gd3+的掺杂量来有效提高产物的上转换荧光强度。同时, 通过研究Tm3+和Er3+在不同可见光波段的发光强度与泵浦功率的关系探讨了上转换发光的机制。     

Analysis of the laser performance of Tm3+, Tb3+(Ho3+):YVO4 crystals at ～1.5μm wavelength

The absorption spectra of Tb,Tm:YVO_4 and Ho,Tm:YVO_4 are measured. The radiant and non-radiant transition probabilities from higher level to lower level, A_{i,j} and ω_{i,j}, and the cross-elaxation probability are calculated in virtue of Judd－Ofelt and Dexter theories. The fluorescence lifetime of Tm^{3+} in the Tb^{3+} (or Ho^{3+}) co-doped crystal is calculated. It indicates that the lifetime of initial level {}^3H_4 of the laser transition can be shorter than that of terminal level {}^3F_4 of the transition if the atomic percentage of Tb^{3+} (or Ho^{3+}) ions is bigger than about 1 at%: namely, by means of the co-doping Tb^{3+} (or Ho^{3+}) ions the self-termination phenomenon of laser light can be eliminated. Inserting the optic parameters to the formula deduced here on the laser threshold power P^{(4)}_{th} and the slope efficiency η^{(4)}_s of the four-energy-level system, we obtain the relationship of threshold power P^{(4)}_{th} to the concentration of Tm^{3+} ions and discuss the effect of Tb^{3+} (or Ho^{3+}) ion concentration on the laser threshold power P^{(4)}_{th} around 1.5μm wavelength. The result shows that Tb,Tm:YVO_4 crystal is a better choice to make the laser at ～1.5μm wavelength than Ho,Tm:YVO_4 crystal. We give the appropriate composition of (1－2) at% Tb, (1－2) at% Tm:YVO_4, just for reference.     

YNbO4：Tm3+/Yb3+上转换发光特性研究

按照50Nb₂O₅-（46-x）Y₂O₃-4Yb₂O₃-xTm₂O₃（x=0.1,0.2,0.5,1,2）的配比方式,采用高温固相法制备出了掺杂Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺的YNbO₄晶体粉末。在980 nm红外光激发下,观测到波长为478,645,707 nm的上转换荧光,分别对应于Tm³⁺离子的¹G₄→³H₆、¹G₄→³F₄、³F₃→³H₆能级跃迁过程。利用上转换发射功率与980 nm激光器工作电流关系估算出跃迁过程吸收光子数目为2.72,2.69,2.01,从而确定出前两者为三光子吸收过程,最后一个对应于双光子吸收过程。运用Judd-Ofelt理论研究样品光谱特性,根据样品的吸收谱得到样品的谱线强度参数Ω_t（t=2,4,6）,进而得出理论振子强度及实验振子强度,二者均方根偏差δ_rms=1.299×10^-7。计算了Tm³⁺离子向下能级跃迁的跃迁几率、跃迁分支比等参数。最后得出结论：（1）³F₄能级寿命较长,适合作为上转换中间能级;（2）³H₅能级寿命较长,且³H₅→³H₆跃迁分支比（96.46%）接近100%,可用于产生1 216 nm激光。     

Tm3+单掺杂及Tm3+, Dy3+共掺杂YP1-xVxO4荧光粉的光谱性质

采用共沉淀法制备了Tm³⁺单掺杂及Tm³⁺,Dy³⁺共掺杂的YP_1-xV_xO₄荧光粉材料。给出了样品的XRD谱,获得了样品的SEM照片,对其发射和激发光谱也进行了测量。结果发现,随着钒酸根含量的增加,样品的激发带发生红移,这样的激发带能够满足白光LED用荧光粉的激发要求。在Tm³⁺,Dy³⁺共掺杂的样品中观测到了全色的发射,并且红、绿、蓝三个发射组分的比例也可以调整。我们计算了不同样品的色坐标,发现均在白光范围内,可见该体系样品有希望成为一种全色发射的白光LED用荧光粉。     

e+e－→τ+τ－,τ－→a1υτ,a1→ρπ过程的角分布和a1介子的性质

给出了过程e⁺e^－→τ⁺τ^－,τ^－→a₁υ_τ,a₁→ρπ的密度矩阵和角分布的螺旋度形式.通过分段拟合把相应于W-a₁跃迁和强作用顶点a₁ρπ形状因子的螺旋度振幅比确定下来,给出了一个确定宽共振态a₁质量和宽度而与模型无关的方法.     

On the spin correlations of muons generated in the annihilation process e + e ? → μ+μ?

Using the technique of helicity amplitudes, the electromagnetic process e ⁺ e ⁻ → μ⁺μ⁻ is theoretically investigated in the one-photon approximation. The structure of the triplet states of the final (μ⁺μ⁻) system is analyzed. It is shown that in the case of unpolarized electron and positron the finalmuons are also unpolarized, but their spins are strongly correlated. Explicit expressions for the components of the correlation tensor of the final (μ⁺μ⁻) system are derived. The formula for the angular correlation at the decays of final muons μ⁺ and μ⁻, produced in the process e ⁺ e ⁻ → μ⁺μ⁻, is obtained. It is demonstrated that spin correlations of muons in the process of electron-positron pair annihilation have the purely quantum character, since one of the incoherence inequalities for the correlation-tensor components is always violated. The additional contribution of the weak interaction of lepton neutral currents through the virtual Z ⁰ boson is considered; it is established that, taking into account the weak interaction, the qualitative character of the muon spin correlations does not change. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

ρ0 production the reaction ξξ→3π+3π?ξξ→ρ0ρ0(1700)

We have studied the ⁰ production rate in the reaction 3⁺3^– in the energy range 1.6W 7.5 GeV with the CELLO detector at PETRA. Our analysis points to a substantial yield of ^00+– events in particular atW >4.0 GeV. We give cross sections for the ⁰2⁺2^– and ^00+– final states and calculate upper limits for the reaction ⁰⁰ (1700) ^00+–.Now at CERN     

Tm3+掺杂CdWO4单晶的发光特性

用坩埚下降法生长获得了尺寸为φ25 mm×90 mm、Tm₂O₃初始掺杂摩尔分数为0.5%的CdWO₄单晶。晶体的颜色由上部血红色逐渐加深至下部的黑褐色。对不同部位的晶体薄片进行800 ℃的氧化处理,测定了处理前后不同部位的吸收光谱和FTIR红外光谱。经氧气退火处理后,由于氧空位缺陷减少,晶体的颜色明显变淡。在吸收光谱中观测到421,684,805 nm的吸收带。其中421 nm的吸收峰随退火温度的升高而逐步减弱,经800 ℃处理后基本消失。在808 nm激光二极管激发下,观察到中心波长为1.5 μm和1.8 μm的荧光发射,分别对应于Tm³⁺的³H₄→³F₄,³F₄→³H₆的能级跃迁。     

Gd3+掺杂对NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+/Er3+ 纳米材料上转换荧光性能的影响

利用温和的溶剂热方法合成了具有上转换发光性能的Yb³⁺-Tm³⁺和Yb³⁺-Er³⁺共掺的纳米NaYGdF₄。在该体系中,通过调节Gd³⁺在基质中的掺杂量可以有效地控制产物的相变、尺寸以及上转换荧光性能。XRD和TEM分析结果表明,Gd³⁺的掺入在促进NaYF₄纳米颗粒由立方相到六方相转变的同时有助于减小其尺寸。上转换光谱研究表明,在Yb³⁺-Tm³⁺和Yb³⁺-Er³⁺共掺体系中,可通过优化Gd³⁺的掺杂量来有效提高产物的上转换荧光强度。同时,通过研究Tm³⁺和Er³⁺在不同可见光波段的发光强度与泵浦功率的关系探讨了上转换发光的机制。     

Stability of a Laser-diode-pumped Cr4+:YAG Passively Q-switched Nd3+:YAG Laser

In this paper, the stability of a laser-diode-pumped Cr4+:YAG passively Nd3+:YAG Q-switched laser and the influence of the transversal mode structure on the stability are investigated. With the laser operating in TEM00 mode, the pulse energy fluctuation and the repetition rate fluctuation as functions of the repetition rate are measured, and semi-quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed, respectively.     

Study of hot bands in the B2Σ+u-X2Σ+g system of C-2 anion

Optical heterodyne magnetic rotation enhanced velocity modulation spectroscopy was employed to observe the visible absorption spectra of the B^2Σ^+_u-X^2Σ^+_g electronic transition of C^-_2. Four hot bands (0,1), (1,2), (2,3) and (3,4) have been observed and the band (3,4) is measured directly for the first time, so far as we know, by absorption. A rotational analysis was carried out to obtain molecular constants. With the Franck－Condon principle and the vibrational Boltzmann distribution, we have estimated the vibrational temperature of C^-_2 to be about 3000K.