氮掺杂石墨烯修饰电极的制备及对鸟嘌呤的电催化氧化

采用高温热退火方法制备了氮掺杂的石墨烯,并制备了氮掺杂石墨烯修饰玻碳电极(NG/GCE),研究其对鸟嘌呤的电催化氧化作用.实验考察了溶液pH值、扫速、鸟嘌呤浓度的影响.结果表明,鸟嘌呤在NG/GCE上的氧化是不可逆过程,修饰电极可以增强鸟嘌呤在电极表面的吸附,对鸟嘌呤具有很好的电催化氧化性能,降低了鸟嘌呤氧化电位.在pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中检测鸟嘌呤,其氧化峰电流在5.0×10-6～1.0×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3σ)为1.0×10-6 mol/L.     

聚对苯二酚修饰玻碳电极的制备及其对抗坏血酸的催化氧化作用

采用循环伏安(CV)法制备了聚对苯二酚薄膜修饰玻碳电极,利用其电催化氧化作用建立了抗坏血酸的定量分析方法,探讨了其催化氧化机理。研究发现:在0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4(PBS,pH 7.0)缓冲溶液中,以0.1 mol/L KC l作支持电解质,聚对苯二酚修饰电极(PHQ/CME)对抗坏血酸(AA)存在灵敏的催化氧化作用,氧化峰电位负移177 mV。应用微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对AA进行定量分析,其氧化峰电流与AA浓度在3.3×10-5~1.7×10-2mol/L和1.7×10-2~1.2×10-1mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.3×10-6mol/L。机理研究结果表明:PHQ/CME上带有的酚羟基与脱氢抗坏血酸自由基之间形成的氢键是电催化氧化的主要原因。     

聚灿烂甲酚蓝膜修饰电极测定抗坏血酸的研究

电化学聚合制备了聚灿烂甲酚蓝薄膜修饰玻碳电极,研究了修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化作用。结果表明二步法电聚合制备的修饰电极性能优于一步法电聚合,在该电极上抗坏血酸的过电位降低320mV,催化氧化峰电流与抗坏血酸的浓度在2×10-5～5×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数0.9982。方法可用于药品及食品中抗坏血酸的分析。     

抗坏血酸在聚对羟基苯甲酸(poly-PHB)修饰玻碳上的电催化

过循环伏安制备了聚对羟基苯甲酸修饰的玻碳电极。考察了该电极对抗坏血酸的电催化性能。结果显示,聚对羟基苯甲酸修饰玻碳电极对抗坏血酸有很好的电催化作用。在修饰后的电极上产生的峰电流比修饰前的电极产生的峰电流大4倍,氧化峰电位负移189 mV。其氧化峰电流与抗坏血酸浓度在2.6×10-5~3.68 ×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,相关性系数为0.9984,检测限为5×10-6 mol/L(S /N = 3)。在AA与UA共存的体系中,能排除多巴胺对抗坏血酸测定的干扰。     

抗坏血酸在聚对羟基苯甲酸修饰玻碳电极上的催化电氧化行为

通过循环伏安(CV)制备了聚对羟基苯甲酸(poly-PHB)修饰的玻碳电极. 考察了电极对抗坏血酸(AA)电氧化的催化性能. 结果显示,聚对羟基苯甲酸修饰玻碳电极对AA氧化有很好的电催化作用. 在修饰电极上产生的峰电流比在未修饰电极上产生的氧化峰电流大4倍,氧化峰电位负移205 mV. 氧化峰电流与AA浓度在2.6×10-5～3.68 ×10-4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数为0.998 4,检测限为5×10-6 mol/L(S/N=3). 在AA与多巴胺(DA)共存的体系中,能排除DA对抗坏血酸测定的干扰.     

鸟嘌呤在聚L-甲硫氨酸/石墨烯修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了聚L-甲硫氨酸/石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极,该电极在0.1 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(p H 7.0)中对鸟嘌呤的氧化具有明显的电催化作用。采用循环伏安法(CV)考察了p H值、扫描速率对鸟嘌呤电化学行为的影响。利用示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)对鸟嘌呤进行测定,结果表明在3.6×10-7~4.0×10-5mol/L浓度范围内鸟嘌呤的氧化峰电流与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.990 4,检出限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-8mol/L。该修饰电极还具有较好的稳定性和重现性。     

碳量子点/聚中性红修饰电极同时检测鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤

制备了碳量子点/聚中性红膜修饰电极。采用了透射电子显微镜和荧光光谱对制备的碳量子点进行表征。利用循环伏安法、示差脉冲伏安法考察了鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤在修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,该修饰电极对鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的氧化具有明显的电催化作用。在最佳条件下,鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的示差脉冲伏安响应和其浓度分别在1.0×10~(-6)~2.0×10~(-4)mol/L和5.0×10~(-6)~2.0×10~(-4)mol/L范围中呈良好的线性关系,检测限分别为3.0×10~(-7)mol/L和4.8×10~(-7)mol/L(S/N=3)。该修饰电极能够用于复杂样品中鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的检测及实际样品分析。     

纳米金修饰玻碳电极对鸟嘌呤的催化氧化

采用电化学沉积法制备了纳米金修饰玻碳电极,并用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法进行了表征,以此建立了一种直接测定鸟嘌呤的电分析方法。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 6.0)中,研究了鸟嘌呤在纳米金修饰电极上的电化学行为,实验结果表明,纳米金修饰电极可以增强鸟嘌呤在电极表面的吸附,并加快鸟嘌呤在电极表面的电子传输,使其电化学信号明显增大,检测灵敏度大大提高,该修饰电极对鸟嘌呤表现出良好的电催化性能。在优化实验条件下对鸟嘌呤进行测定,方法的线性范围为8.0×10-7~6.0×10-5mol/L,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L,在鸟嘌呤浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L时测得RSD(n=10)为2.5%。     

电化学方法制备石墨烯-铁氰化镍复合物及对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化研究

采用电化学还原方法制备了铁氰化镍-石墨烯复合薄膜电极,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征电还原石墨烯和铁氰化镍-石墨烯复合材料的表面形貌。采用循环伏安和计时电流技术研究了该修饰电极对抗坏血酸(AA)的电催化氧化性能,据此建立了一种测定AA的电化学分析新方法。由于石墨烯和铁氰化镍纳米颗粒之间的协同效应,使得该复合修饰电极对抗坏血酸具有优异的电催化活性。在0.1 mol/L pH 7.00的PBS溶液中,抗坏血酸的催化氧化电流与其浓度在1.0×10-4~7.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.1×10-5mol/L(S/N)。     

基于纳米二氧化锆与铂微粒复合修饰玻碳电极的甲醛传感器研究

采用循环伏安法在玻碳电极表面依次电沉积纳米二氧化锆和铂微粒,制备了一种检测甲醛的新型电化学传感器。用电镜扫描对该修饰电极表面进行了表征,循环伏安法和线性扫描伏安法研究了甲醛在该修饰电极上的电催化氧化作用,优化了实验参数。结果表明,该修饰电极对甲醛有很好的电催化氧化作用,在0.1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中,甲醛的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6~5.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,回归方程为Ip(μA)=79.95+2.005×105c(mol/L),相关系数r=0.999 3,检出限为5.0×10-7mol/L。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.