“中学化学实验研究”课程绿色化设计的思考

当前我国高等师范院校化学专业的"中学化学实验研究"课程应从化学实验的绿色化设计、规范微型化学实验和实施化学实验绿色化技术3个方面进行深入开发和推广,以利于《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》的贯彻和实施。     

充分利用《化学与生活》模块的活动性栏目转变学生学习方式的一些尝试

《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》明确指出“转变学生的学习方式是课程改革的基本要求。教师要更新教学观念,在教学中引导学生进行自主学习、探究学习和合作学习,帮助学生形成终身学习的意识和能力。”针对《化学与生活》选修模块中“活动.探究”、“动手空间”、“角色扮演”、“学以致用”等活动性栏目功能和特点的不同,在教学中采取了不同的教学策略,促进了学生的自主学习、探究学习及合作学习。     

人教版新老教材中“化学平衡”内容的比较

正基于《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》编写的人教版教材《化学(必修第2册)》和选择性必修1《化学反应原理》,称为新教材;人教版《普通高中课程标准实验教科书:化学2(必修)》《普通高中课程标准实验教科书:化学反应原理(选修4)》,称为老教材。1 新老教材中"化学平衡"内容的比较(1)章引言:老教材仅指出本章的学习内容并说明了局限性,但对于学习目的、意义等描述很模糊,教学指导性不大;新教材章引言进行了凝练和概括,明确了本章     

一个适用于高中化学新课程标准的实验--微波水热合成法制备纳米Fe2O3

以实验为基础是化学学科的重要特征之一,为此,国家教育部新制订的《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》(以下简称“新课程标准”)在化学选修课中独立设置了“实验化学”的课程模块,该课程模块围绕“知识与技能”、“过程与方法”、“情感态度与价值观”等三方面的目标,旨在使学生通过实验探究活动掌握基本的化学实验方法和技能、了解化学实验研究的一般过程以及常见物质的制备合成方法和现代仪器在物质研究中的应用。     

自制化学模型对中学生创新能力培养的实践探索

《普通高中化学课程标准（实验）》有多处特别强调化学教学应注意“化学模型”的制作和运用。本文通过尝试让学生自制化学模型,并探索在化学教学中如何充分发挥化学模型的教育功能,以培养学生创新能力和空间想象能力。实践中收到了较明显的教学效果。     

浅谈新课程标准下高三化学复习模式的构建

2003年3月,教育部颁发了《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》。课程标准立足于学生科学素养的培养,着眼于学生未来的发展,体现了高中化学课程的时代性、基础性与选择性。笔者以新的化学课程标准作指导,在构建高三化学复习新模式方面作了初步尝试,收到了显著效果。1立足基础着眼应用     

初高中衔接过程中化学实验教学"学案"的特点——以新课程人教版"萃取"为例

介绍了人教版《普通高中课程标准实验教科书.化学(必修1)》"萃取"的教学实例。以"萃取"一课的"学案"为例分析了初高中衔接过程中化学实验教学"学案"的特点。     

人教版《普通高中课程标准实验教科书·化学(必修)》分析

本文以课程改革的理念和新课程观为指导,对人教版《普通高中课程标准实验教科书·化学(必修)》的体系结构和栏目设计做了分析和讨论。     

“金属及其化合物”教学设计

本文主要谈谈普通高中课程标准实验教科书·《化学1 (必修) 》(人民教育出版社出版) 第三章“金属及其化合物”的教学设计。     

对新编高中化学教材中几则实验的分析与与建议

人民教育出版社出版的普通高中课程标准实验教科书《化学1 (必修) 》和《化学2 (必修) 》中,在实验教学方面体现新课改精神之处甚多,开辟了“科学探究”、“实践活动”等栏目,对学生进行素质教育,培养其主动学习能力起到了很大作用。教材还针对以往高中教材中某些难以完成的实验作了一些改进。但是在几则实验安排上,仍存在一定问题,为更好的实施新课程,特做分析并提出建议如下。     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

Use of NAA in marine environment and in archaeology in Greece

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a very sensitive and accurate multielement analytical method that is widely applied to the investigation of environmental and archaeological problems. The first part of this paper is a review of pollution studies of toxic trace elements in sediments, seawater and marine organisms of Saronikos Gulf, Greece by NAA. The second part of this paper is a review of provenance studies based on minor and trace element research in ancient ceramics, obsidian, flint, limestone, marble and lead by Instrumental NAA, performed at the NCSR Demokritos.     

Electrolysis in nanochannels for in situ reagent generation in confined geometries

In situ generation of reactive species within confined geometries, such as nanopores or nanochannels is of significant interest in overcoming mass transport limitations in chemical reactivity. Solvent electrolysis is a simple process that can readily be coupled to nanochannels for the electrochemical generation of reactive species, such as H(2). Here the production of hydrogen-rich liquid volumes within nanofluidic structures, without bubble nucleation or nanochannel occlusion, is explored both experimentally and by modeling. Devices comprised of multiple horizontal nanochannels intersecting planar working and quasi-reference electrodes were constructed and used to study the effects of confinement and reduced working volume on the electrochemical reduction of H(2)O to H(2) and OH(-). H(2) production in the nanochannel-embedded electrode reactor output was monitored by fluorescence emission of fluorescein, which exhibits a pH-dependent emission intensity. Initially, the fluorescein solution was buffered to pH 6.0 prior to stepping the potential cathodic of E(0)' for the generation of OH(-) and H(2). Because the electrochemical products are obtained in a 2:1 stoichiometry, local measurements of pH during and after the cathodic potential steps can be converted into H(2) production rates. Independent experimental estimates of the local H(2) concentration were then obtained from the spatiotemporal fluorescence behavior and current measurements, and these were compared with finite element simulations accounting for electrolysis and subsequent convection and diffusion within the confined geometry. Local dissolved H(2) concentrations were correlated to partial pressures through Henry's Law and values as large as 8.3 atm were obtained at the most negative potential steps. The downstream availability of electrolytically produced H(2) in nanochannels is evaluated in terms of its possible use as a downstream reducing reagent. The results obtained here indicate that H(2) can easily reach saturation concentrations at modest overpotentials.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.     

Conferences in Chemistry Held in 2022

Russian Chemical Bulletin -