浊点萃取掺氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量铝

本文提出铬天青S作为掺氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定痕量Al 3+的化学改进剂,又作为萃取Al 3+的络合剂。优化了浊点萃取痕量Al 3+的分离富集条件,及掺氧空气-乙炔FAAS测定Al 3+的参数。据此,建立了选择性好﹑简便快速测定水样中痕量Al 3+的新方法。方法的检出限(3σ)为4.5μg/L,测定Al 3+的线性范围为15~1 600μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)是3.8%(cAl=100μg/L,n=7),加标回收率在96.1%~105.9%之间,理论富集倍数为50。     

湿法消解-原子吸收光谱法测定啤酒中痕量铅和锌

研究了用湿法消解啤酒样品、石墨炉原子吸收光谱(GFAAS)及火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)法分别测定啤酒中的痕量Pb2+和Zn2+。对仪器的工作参数进行了优化,探讨了混合酸消解体系、消解液用量,消解温度等因素的影响。结果表明,在200℃温度下,HNO3+HClO4(16+4)混酸能完全消解样品。Pb2+、Zn2+分别在0～80μg/L、0～1.50μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(线性相关系数r分别为0.9995和0.9997),其检出限分别为0.2μg/L、8.0μg/L。测定Pb2+、Zn2+的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.8%和0.92%,加标回收率分别为96.5%和99.8%。该方法检出限低,精密度和准确度高,适用于啤酒样品中痕量铅、锌含量的测定。检测的9种啤酒样品中铅、锌含量范围分别为11.34～47.15μg/L、277～422μg/L,低于食品中的限量值。     

罗丹宁-壳聚糖固相萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中痕量银

本文采用化学修饰技术制备了新型固相萃取材料罗丹宁-壳聚糖,用傅立叶红外(IR)光谱对其进行了表征。以该材料作为固相萃取剂,采用火焰原子吸收(FAAS)法为检测手段,在动态条件下系统研究了该吸附材料对痕量Ag+的吸附性能。研究结果表明:在pH=5.0,室温下以1.8mL/min速度流过分离柱,试液中的Ag+能被该材料定量吸附,其动态饱和吸附容量为72.62mg/g。吸附的Ag+可用8mL 0.1mol/L硫脲-0.05 mol/L HNO3混合液以0.7 mL/min流速完全洗脱,洗脱液中的Ag+用FAAS法测定。该方法对Ag+的检出限(3σ,n=11)为8.50μg/L,线性范围为0.01~5.0mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.72%;加标回收率在97.8%~102.7%之间。方法用于实际环境水样中痕量Ag+的测定,结果满意。     

Ni~(2+)络合萃取火焰原子吸收光谱间接测定萘普生的研究

在中性介质中,萘普生与Ni 2+能形成2∶1的络合物,通过乙酸乙酯将该络合物萃取分离,用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定萃取后水相中剩余Ni 2+的吸光度。实验发现,试剂空白与萃余液中Ni 2+的吸光度之差△A与萘普生的含量有着良好的线性关系。据此,建立了一种FAAS间接测定萘普生的新方法。优化的条件下,该方法的线性范围为41.45~331.6μg/mL,检出限是7.10μg/mL。用该方法测定不同厂家的萘普生样品,结果与标示量相符,回收率在95.95%~103.2%之间,相对标准偏差为1.06%。     

聚乙二醇双水相萃取光度法测定铬(Ⅵ)

通过研究二苯碳酰二肼(DPC)-铬(Ⅵ)配合物在聚乙二醇(PEG)2000-Na2SO4双水相中的显色和萃取分离条件,建立了集萃取分离和测定Cr6+于一身的双水相萃取光度分析方法。对双水相体系中PEG溶液、Na2SO4和二苯碳酰二肼的用量以及溶液酸度进行了优化,探讨了共存离子对Cr6+萃取测定的影响。实验表明,在0.16mol/L的H3PO4溶液中,二苯碳酰二肼与Cr6+形成的配合物被萃取到PEG相,最大吸收波长为545nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.3×104L.mol-1.cm-1。Cr6+的质量浓度在0.05～13.0μg/mL的范围内符合比尔定律,最低检出限为0.029μg/mL,5μg/mL标准溶液的相对标准偏差为1.3%。本方法用于测定含铬工业废水中的Cr6+,结果与原子吸收光谱法测定值相符,不同水平的回收率为96.7%～99.8%。     

共沉淀-微量进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海水中铁和锰

海水中微量铁和锰用氢氧化镁共沉淀法预富集,所得沉淀溶于1.0 mL HNO3(1 3)中,分取250 μL进样作铁与锰的火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定.经此处理,克服了海水的基体干扰.用于测定北仑港近岸海域海水中铁和锰,方法检出限分别为6.4,3.0 μg·L-1.     

催化动力学分光光度法测定微量铁的研究

在 Na2 HPO4介质中 ,研究了 Fe( )催化 H2 O2 氧化甲基百里酚蓝褪色指示反应及其动力学条件 ,建立了测定痕量铁的新方法。方法的线性范围为 0 .0 2～ 0 .2 5μg/2 5m L,检出限为 0 .0 1 2 μg/2 5m L。用以测定过氧化碳酸钠 ( 2 Na2 CO3· 3H2 O2 )中的铁 ,结果令人满意。     

铜(Ⅱ)络合萃取FAAS法间接测定布洛芬

在pH 5.80的HAc-NaAc溶液中,布洛芬与Cu2+结合生成2:1难溶于水的络合物,经乙酸乙酯萃取分离后,通过火焰原子吸收光谱法测定下层清液中剩余的Cu2+,发现其吸光度A随药物浓度增加而减小。据此建立了Cu2+络合萃取FAAS法间接测定布洛芬新方法,并对方法的最佳测定条件进行了一系列的研究。在最佳条件下空白液与萃取后下层清液Cu2+的吸光度差△A和药物质量浓度在20.6~103μg/mL呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为15.3μg/mL,RSD为2.2%,用于布洛芬药片样品的测定,回收率在97.6%~101.2%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定养殖环境沉积物中多肽类抗生素残留量

建立了测定水产养殖环境沉积物中多肽类抗生素残留量的高效液相色谱串联质谱法。沉积物经10 mL甲醇-柠檬酸-Na2 HPO4溶液(3∶4, V/ V)超声提取2次,0.5 g 乙二胺四乙酸二钠络合除杂,5 mL 甲基异丁基甲酮净化,HLB 固相萃取柱进一步富集净化,MGII C18色谱柱分离,0.1%甲酸与0.1%甲酸-乙腈梯度洗脱,ESI+电离,多反应监测模式(MRM)监测,外标法定量。粘菌素和杆菌肽在10~10000μg/ L 范围内,维吉尼霉素 M1在4~4000μg/ L 范围内,线性回归系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为2~5μg/ kg,方法定量限为4~10μg/ kg。在3个浓度添加水平下,多肽类抗生素回收率79.7%~91.6%,相对标准偏差1.9%~10.8%。本方法具有良好的精密度和准确度,灵敏度高,适用范围广。     

浊点萃取-石英双缝管捕集火焰原子吸收光谱法分析铬价态

在不同pH值的缓冲溶液中,亚硝基苯胲铵盐(铜铁试剂)可与Cr(Ⅵ)及Cr(Ⅲ)络合生成中性疏水络合物,以Triton X-114为萃取剂,浊点萃取分离富集Cr(Ⅵ)及总铬,石英双缝管原子捕集-火焰原子吸收光谱法(STAT-FAAS)测定铬价态.实验对浊点萃取时溶液的pH值、铜铁试剂和Triton X-114的用量、离心分离时间、平衡温度和时间等影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,分别在pH=3.0和6.0的溶液中,40 ℃恒温加热15 min后,离心5 min,Triton X-114浊点萃取Cr(Ⅵ)及总铬的富集倍数达到50倍(100 mL起初样品溶液/2 mL最终测定液).和普通火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)相比,利用石英双缝管原子捕集技术,STAT-FAAS法测定铬的灵敏度提高了近5倍.本方法测定Cr(Ⅵ)及总铬的线性范围分别为0.005～0.5 mg/L和0.01～1.2 mg/L;检出限分别为0.66 μg/L和0.81μg/L.     

磷酸对伯胺萃取分离稀土(Ⅲ)与铁(Ⅲ)的影响及铁(Ⅲ)的萃取机理

本文研究了磷酸对伯胺N₁₉₂₃从硫酸溶液中萃取分离稀土(Ⅲ)与铁(Ⅲ)的影响,指出了磷酸的存在有利于稀土(Ⅲ)与铁(Ⅲ)的分离。考察了不同结构的伯胺和不同性质的溶剂及温度对萃取平衡的影响。通过IR测定和斜率法等研究,提出了N₁₉₂₃从磷酸介质中萃取铁(Ⅲ)的机理。     

Continuous-flow extraction system for elemental association study: a case of synthetic metal-doped iron hydroxide

A continuous-flow extraction system originally developed for sequential extraction was applied to study elemental association of a synthetic metal-doped amorphous iron hydroxide phase. The homogeneity and metal association of the precipitates were evaluated by gradual leaching using the system. Leachate was collected in fractions for determination of elemental concentrations. The result obtained as extractograms indicated that the doped metals were adsorbed more on the outermost surface rather than homogeneously distributed in the precipitates. The continuous-flow extraction method was also used for effective removal of surface adsorbed metals to obtain a homogeneous metal-doped synthetic iron hydroxide by a sequential extraction using acetic acid and small volume of hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution. The system not only ensures complete washing, but the extent of metal immobilization in the synthetic iron hydroxide could be determined with high accuracy from the extractograms. The initial metal/iron mole ratio (M/Fe) in solution affected the M/Fe mole ratio in homogeneous doped iron hydroxide phase. The M/Fe mole ratio of metal incorporation was approximately 0.01–0.02 and 0.03–0.06, for initial solution M/Fe mole ratio of 0.025 and 0.100, respectively.     

Selective extraction of iron(III) from aqueous nitrate solution in the presence of cobalt(II), copper(II) and nickel(II) ions using bis(delta2-2-imidazolinyl)-5,5'-dioxime.

The feasibility of using bis(delta2-2-imidazolinyl)-5,5'-dioxime (H2L) for the selective extraction of iron(III) from aqueous solutions was investigated by employing an solvent-extraction technique. The extraction of iron(III) from an aqueous nitrate solution in the presence of metal ions, such as cobalt(II), copper(II) and nickel(II), was carried out using H2L in binary and multicomponent mixtures. Iron(III) extraction has been studied as a function of the pH, equilibrium time and extractant concentration. From the extracted complex species in the organic phase, iron(III) was stripped with 2 M HNO3, and later determined using atomic-absorption spectrometry. The extraction was found to significantly depend on the aqueous solution pH. The extraction of iron(III) with H2L increases with the pH value, reaching a maximum in the zone of pH 2.0, remaining constant between 2 and 3.5 and subsequently decreasing. The quantitative extraction of iron(III) with 5 x 10(-30 M H2L in toluene is observed at pH 2.0. H2L was found to react with iron(III) to form ligand complex having a composition of 1:2 (Fe:H2L).     

Determination of bioavailable iron in noncontaminated Slovak soils by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A method for the extraction of bioavailable iron from soils from various parts of Slovakia using a buffered diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) solution was utilized. The extractant consists of 0.005 mol dm⁻³ DTPA, 0.1 mol dm⁻³ CaCl₂, and 0.1 mol dm⁻³ triethanolamine with pH of 7.3. DTPA was selected as the chelating agent because it can effectively extract micronutrient metal, iron. Distribution of iron in the horizons of various types of soils with respect to bioavailable iron was evaluated. The bioavailable iron in the extracts was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The calibration standards were prepared in the same surroundings as the extracts. Comparing to the average of 2.7–3.7 % total iron contents in Slovak soils, the available amounts of iron represent in average only very small amounts, approximately 0.3 % in comparison to total amounts.     

Iron Extraction with Di(2-Ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric Acid and a Binary Extractant Based on It

Iron(III) extraction with trioctylmethylammonium di(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphate and di(2- ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric acid was studied. It was shown that di(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric acid extracts iron in the form of the complex FeA₂, regardless of the oxidation state of iron in the initial aqueous solution. It was also shown that the iron(III) extraction with trioctylmethylammonium di(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphate over a wide acidity range occurs primarily to produce extractable substance (R₄N)FeCl₄; and at pH > 1, iron(II) dialkyldithiophosphate is also extracted into the organic phase. It was established that, in a system with a binary extractant, iron can be efficiently stripped from the organic phase with water or diluted solutions of mineral acids.     

Extraction with long-chain amines--VI. Separation of manganese as Mn(CNS)4-(6) complex and its complexometric determination in calcareous material

Manganese is quantitatively extracted into a benzene solution of trioctylmethyl-ammonium chloride from a solution at least 0.25M in potassium thiocyanate and at pH 2.5-7. After stripping into dilute ammonia containing triethanolamine (TEA) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, manganese is determined by EDTA titration. Calcium and magnesium are not extracted even in traces. Iron is co-extracted with manganese and is masked with TEA during the stripping. Aluminium also does not interfere. In the aqueous phase, after the extraction of manganese, calcium or magnesium can be determined by the usual EDTA titration. The method described permits highly selective individual determination of manganese and calcium and/or magnesium in all materials rich in manganese.     

萃取法去除硫酸氧钛液中杂质铁

采用溶剂萃取法有效去除了钛白粉制备过程中的中间产物硫酸氧钛液中大量的杂质铁。 将硫酸氧钛液中的Fe2+氧化成Fe3+后,用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和煤油混合体系萃取除去Fe3+。 考察了氧化剂、稀释剂、有机相中TBP体积分数、萃取相比、NaCl加入量等对铁萃取率的影响以及反萃条件的选择和萃取剂的循环使用效果,结果表明,用煤油作稀释剂,TBP在有机相的体积分数为60%,萃取相比O/W为2∶1时,NaCl加入量以Cl-计4 mol/L,Fe3+的3次萃取率可达99%,钛的损失率低至0.4%。当反萃相比W/O为1∶1时,Fe3+的3次反萃率可达100%。TBP经过5次萃取-反萃循环使用后,对Fe3+的萃取率无明显下降,可循环使用。     

Extraction and separation of cationic surfactants from river sediments: application to a spectrophotometric determination of cationic surfactant in an aquatic environment using membrane filters.

The quantitative extraction of cationic surfactant (CS+) in river sediments was studied. Further, the developed method was applied to the spectrophotometric determination of CS+ in urban river sediment samples by solid-phase extraction with membranes. A mixture of methanol and hydrochloric acid was proposed as an eluent. Dried sediment was digested in the eluent under ultrasonic irradiation. After elution, the eluent was evaporated to almost dryness. The residue was dissolved in a small volume of methanol and diluted to a certain volume with water. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 4-5 to separate iron and some other metals as precipitates of hydroxides. The solution was passed through two-piled membranes: first glass-fiber and then polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes. A small volume of methanol was passed through the membranes to elute any CS+ retaining on the membranes. After passing the methanol solution through a cationic exchange resin column, the retained CS+ was eluted with methanol containing a high concentration of sodium chloride. Water, Bromophenol Blue (BPB) and hydrochloric acid were added to the solution. The solution was passed through a mixed cellulose ester membrane filter to retain an ion associate of CS+.BPB-. The retained ion associate was dissolved in a small volume of N,N-dimethylformamide together with the membrane filter, followed by the addition of triethanolamine to make the solution alkaline. The absorbance due to BPB2- was measured at 603 nm against a reagent blank. This method was applied to the determination of CS+ in river water and sediment. A cationic surfactant in sediments at 10(-5) mol kg-1 levels was detected with satisfactory precision. It was found that CS+ was about 500-fold enriched in the sediment from water at the place where domestic wastewater was discharged.     

Study on Determination of Six Transition Metal Ions in Biological Samples by SPE and RP‐HPLC

This paper reports the utilization of solid phase extraction and the reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) for the determination of six transition metal ions (iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and manganese) in biological samples. The samples were digested by microwave digestion. The iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and manganese ions in the digested samples can react with 2‐(2‐quinolinylazo)‐5‐diethylaminophenol (QADEAP) to form colored chelates in pH 4.0 acetic acid‐sodium acetic buffer solutions and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) medium. These chelates were enriched by solid phase extraction with C₁₈ cartridge. Then the chelates were separated on a Waters Nova‐Pak‐C₁₈ column (3.9 × 150 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution with methanol (containing 0.5% of acetic acid and 0.1% of CTMAB) and 0.05 mol/L pH 4.0 acetic acid‐sodium acetic buffer solution (containing 0.1% of CTMAB) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The detection limits of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and manganese are 3 ng/L, 4 ng/L, 2 ng/L, 4 ng/L, 8 ng/L, 10 ng/L, respectively. This method was applied to the determination of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and manganese in biological samples with good results.     

Method of separating uranium from iron and thorium

Acid leaching of uranium deposits is not a selective process. Sulfuric acid solubilizes iron(III) and half or more of the thorium depending on the mineralog of this element. In uranium recovery by solvent extraction process, uranium is separated from iron by an organic phase consisting of 10 vol% tributylphosphate(TBP) in kerosine diluent. Provided that the aqueous phase is saturated with ammonium nitrate or made 4–5 M in nitric acid prior to extraction. Nitric acid or ammonium nitrate is added to the leach solution in order to obtain a uranyl nitrate product. Leach solutions containing thorium(IV) besides iron are treated in an analogous fashion. Uranium can be extracted away from thorium using 10 vol% TBP in kerosine diluent. The aqueous phase should be saturated with ammonium nitrate and the pH of the solution lowered to 0.5 with sufficient amount of sulfuric acid. In other words, the separation of uranium and thorium depends on the way the relative distributions of the two materials between aqueous solutions and TBP vary with sulfuric acid concentration. Thorium is later recovered from the waste leach liquor, after removal of sulfate ions. Uranium can be stripped from the organic phase by distilled water, and precipitated as ammonium diuranate.