液晶环境下金纳米柱的表面等离子体特性研究

为了有效研究液晶环境对金属纳米结构表面等离子体的调制作用,基于时域有限差分方法,对液晶环境下金纳米柱结构进行了建模,上下边界采用完全吸收边界条件,四周为周期边界条件.数值模拟了液晶厚度、倾角、光栅距离以及周期结构等参数对金纳米柱的消光特性的调制作用.分析结果表明:随着液晶光轴角度增加,谐振波长出现红移现象,且调制范围为40nm;光栅距离越大,金纳米柱之间的相互作用越弱,谐振波长越小;增加周期长度,谐振波长红移,且随着周期长度增加,次峰作用越明显.利用液晶光学性质可调节金属纳米结构的表面等离子体特性,结果对液晶环境中表面等离子体结构在新的光子器件等方面的研究提供了理论依据.     

长周期光纤光栅气敏薄膜传感器结构优化

基于三包层长周期光纤光栅模型,研究了包层表面涂覆一层溶胶凝胶气敏薄膜的长周期光纤光栅化学传感器的灵敏度Sn与薄膜光学参量(折射率n3和厚度h3)和光纤光栅结构参量(光栅周期、折变量和光栅长度)之间的关系。采用最优化数值方法,找到了获得高灵敏度所需的最佳膜层光学参量和光栅结构参量。理论计算表明,该类型传感器对膜层折射率的测量分辨率高达10-8。实验上制作了对乙醇气体敏感的传感器,并证实了传感器结构优化的必要性。     

时域有限差分法分析蚀刻衍射光栅的后向衍射效率

采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)结合理想匹配层(PML)边界条件及周期性边界条件对两种结构槽面的后向衍射效率进行了分析,在P偏振和S偏振两种情况下,均得到了比传统差分方法和射线近似方法更精确的解.数值计算结果表明:全内反射(TIR)结构在高折射率材料(如InP)的蚀刻衍射光栅(EDG)中很有效,而在低折射率材料(如SiO₂)的EDG中效果不理想.     

介质光栅/金属薄膜与银立方体复合结构的SPs研究

理论设计了介质光栅/金属薄膜与银纳米立方体复合结构,通过有限元方法数值模拟计算了该结构中的超高电场增强因子.使用442nm波长的激光作为表面等离子体的激发光源,研究不同尺寸银纳米立方体的消光谱以及不同光栅周期和厚度的反射光谱,得到的该复合结构的最优参数为:光栅周期312nm,厚度90nm,银纳米立方体70nm.在最优参数条件下,数值模拟了复合结构中的电场增强分布,介质光栅/金属薄膜与银纳米立方体复合结构由于存在局域表面等离子体和传播表面等离子体的共振耦合,使得光栅脊与银纳米立方体下顶点接触处热点的电场增强因子高达1.53×106.该复合结构产生的超高电场增强因子,有望应用于表面增强拉曼散射的研究.     

表面具有光栅结构的sol-gel薄膜制备及衍射效率的研究

介绍了一种在 sol- gel薄膜表面形成光栅结构的方法。用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)表征了薄膜的表面形貌 ,用原子力显微镜 (AFM)测量了光栅结构的深度。测试了这种结构表面的衍射特性 ,并对结果进行了分析     

宽角束传播法用于计算透射光栅特性

基于Pade近拟，并在透明边界条件下利用宽角束传授法对透射光栅的性质进行了详细的分析。介绍了所使用的数值模拟方法的理论模型，并对高斯光束通过光栅后的光场分布和光栅的衍射效率进行了数值求解。     

亚波长闪耀光栅矢量衍射效率计算

将矢量衍射数值算法—严格耦合波分析用于精确计算亚波长闪耀光栅的衍射效率,并分析其衍射特性。建立了闪耀光栅的电磁介质模型,并将楔形不规则结构简化为多层矩形光栅结构,通过电磁场的介质分布建立严格耦合波方程。根据边界条件求解出各层的电磁场分布,再通过增透矩阵方法将各层电磁场依次迭代,求解出了整个结构的衍射效率。计算分析显示,对闪耀角为11.3°、周期为500 nm的金属铝闪耀光栅可以得到高于90%的衍射效率和相应的闪耀级次。实验表明这种矢量衍射数值算法具有较高的准确性,可以推广应用于高致密刻线复杂光栅的衍射计算分析。     

光栅表面太阳能电池吸收特性及其优化

本文从电磁场理论出发,运用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)研究了硅太阳电池表面光栅结构在电池工作波段的吸收特性,讨论_广光栅深度对光谱特性的影响.为得到更好的吸收效果,优化了太阳能电池表面的光栅结构,加强了电池表面对太阳光的吸收,提高了电池的效率.     

面形误差对亚波长金属光栅偏振器性能的影响

基于严格耦合波理论分析了光栅面形误差对亚波长金属光栅偏振器偏振性能的影响.通过对数值结果的分析发现,光栅圆角误差、光栅侧壁倾斜误差和光栅表面粗糙误差对光栅的TM透射效率影响不大,但它们使得光栅的消光比明显降低.因此,面形误差使得光栅的偏振性能明显降低.理论分析表明,顶角为直角、侧壁垂直和表面光滑的理想矩形光栅结构的偏振性能最好.     

滑动盖板对一维微尺度光栅红外辐射特性影响

电磁波入射到微尺度周期性结构表面时,一定条件下将在某一波段产生异常光吸收现象。基于该特性,本文提出了单边移动盖板光栅和双边移动盖板光栅两种光栅结构,并使用严格耦合波分析(RCWA)方法对TM波垂直入射的一维微尺度光栅表面辐射特性进行了分析,研究了滑动盖板的厚度和位置对光栅表面结构辐射特性的影响。结果表明,相同盖板厚度,双边移动盖板光栅形成的发射率峰较单边移动盖板光栅形成的发射率峰具有较宽的半高全宽(FWHM),但峰值较低;随盖板向关闭侧移动,高发射率峰对应波长向长波方向移动;随盖板厚度增加,发射率峰向长波方向移动,其中双边移动盖板光栅结构形成的发射率峰变宽,峰值变小。     

体全息光栅透镜的设计和应用

设计了一种新型的体全息光栅透镜, 在一块光学平板（体全息记录材料）内可以将输入光束产生横向传输并聚焦, 或对输入光点产生横传的准直. 它由一束平面波和一束球面波正交入射到光学平板上干涉形成的. 研究了该体全息透镜的光栅间距变化情况, 为设计和制备体全息光栅透镜及相关器件提供了理论依据. 基于两光束耦合波理论, 得到了该光栅透镜的耦合波方程, 近似计算了该透镜的衍射效率及其达到高衍射效率时透镜的最佳尺寸. 最后, 讨论了该透镜在集成光学等领域中的应用.     

Electromagnetic scattering from a two dimensional perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) strip and PEMC strip grating simulated by circular cylinders

Electromagnetic scattering of an incident plane wave from a rectangular strip and strip grating, are presented semi-analytically. The strip and strip grating are simulated by joining parallel perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) circular cylinders and are illuminated by a TM_z incident plane wave. The PEMC medium does not allow electromagnetic energy to enter. An interface of this medium serves as an ideal boundary to the electromagnetic field. The solution is based on the application of the boundary conditions on the surface of each cylinder in terms of its local coordinate system. The technique is used to predict the scattered field pattern of PEMC strip and PEMC strip grating.     

基于类表面等离子体激元的矩形金属光栅色散特性的研究

等离子体激元(surface plasmon polaritons, SPP)因其独特的光学和物理特性, 使其具有诸如透射增强和局域共振等一系列新颖现象, 已成为当前国内外学者研究的热点. 本文对基于类表面等离子体激元(Spoof Surface Plasmons, SSP)的矩形金属光栅色散特性和模式分布进行了研究. 利用本征函数法并结合场匹配条件, 获得了矩形栅表面SSP的场表达式、色散关系和模式分布, 并通过电磁仿真进行了验证. 在此基础上分析了矩形栅各参数对SSP色散及模式分布的影响, 研究结果表明: 由本征函数法获得的SSP色散特性与仿真结果基本符合; 增大金属栅高度或减小排列周期能减小SSP的相速度; 而增大金属栅周期占空比能在一定程度上拓展SSP与电子束互作用的带宽; 改变金属盖板高度对慢波SSP色散模式基本没有影响; 减小金属栅侧面宽度能增大模式之间的间隔, 从而能有效避免模式竞争的发生. 本文对基于SSP的矩形金属光栅色散特性的研究将为进一步研究SSP与电子束的相互作用, 形成高效、宽带的新型太赫兹源奠定良好的理论基础.     

Propagation of second-harmonic wave in quasi-phase-matching nonlinear medium

We studied the propagation of the second-harmonic (SH) wave in a quasi-phase-matching (QPM) medium with a slanted nonlinear grating. By solving the electromagnetic boundary value problem for the SH wave, we derived the propagation law for the SH wave, which can be interpreted as a diffraction phenomenon. Such interpretation was supported by a series of SH generation experiments with a periodically-poled lithium niobate crystal with a slanted QPM grating.     

Pressed waves: Surface-bulk electromagnetic eigenmodes of metal surface

We discovered that in the infrared in conditions of surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) excitiation on finite grating coupler a wave packet consisted of evanescent and bulk waves is generated. This wave packet is conventionally called pressed wave by us. The wave packet is demonstrated to satisfy Maxwell equations and boundary conditions on smooth part of a surface outside the grating coupler. Thus the wave packet is a new type of surface-bulk electro-magnetic eigenmodes of metal surface.     

Hybrid photonics structures with grating and prism couplers based on ZnO waveguides

This paper presents the results of investigations concerning input-output systems of an electromagnetic wave in the visible and near visible spectrum for their application in structures of integrated optics. The input-output structures used in described planar optical waveguides are in a form of prism and grating couplers. The first part of the paper contains numerical analysis of grating couplers aiming at an optimization of their geometrical parameters, strictly — the depth of the grooves in the grating coupler. The second part presents the practical realization, as well as experimental tests of the planar optical waveguide with the hybrid input-output system. As the input system of the electromagnetic wave, a prism coupler was used, and in the case of the output system — a photonic structure with grating coupler was applied. The investigated planar wave guides with the input-output structures were made of a wide energy band gap semiconductor — zinc oxide (ZnO).     

Enhanced transmission by a grating composed of left-handed materials

We present a detailed theoretical analysis about the influence of surface polaritons on the transmission properties of electromagnetic waves at the periodically corrugated interface between the vacuum and left-handed material by using nonlinear boundary condition approach. The principle behind this approach is to match the wave fields across the grating interface by using a set of linear wave equation with nonlinear boundary conditions. The resonant transmission of the incident electromagnetic radiation in this structure is feasible within a certain frequency band, where there is a range of frequency over which both the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability are simultaneously negative. The enhanced transmission is attributed to the coupling of the incident electromagnetic wave with the excited surface polaritons on grating interface. Finally, we present the numerical results illustrating the effect of the structural parameters and angle of incidence on the transmission spectra of a TM polarized electromagnetic wave.     

Dispersion of surface plasmons in InSb-gratings

The reflection of a monochromatic plane electromagnetic wave by a grating consisting of grooves in the surface of a semiconductor plasma (InSb) is investigated theoretically, in particular in that region of frequencies where the complex permittivity of the semiconductor plasma has a negative real part. From the numerically obtained reflection factor pertaining to anH-polarized incident wave, the excitation and the dispersion of surface plasmons at the boundary of the medium is discussed. The grating problem is rigorously formulated as a boundary value problem employing a Green's function technique. Numerical results pertaining to the reflection factor are presented for different grating parameters.     

Higher-order extremely asymmetrical scattering

Extremely asymmetrical scattering (EAS) is a type of Bragg scattering in periodic gratings, that occurs when the diffracted order satisfying the Bragg condition (scattered wave) propagates parallel to the grating boundaries. Previous studies were concerned only with first-order EAS that was shown to be a highly unusual type of scattering, characterised by a strong resonant increase of the scattered wave amplitude (i.e. the amplitude of the first diffracted order). In this paper, a rigorous numerical study of higher-order EAS is presented for the case of bulk TE electromagnetic waves in planar holographic gratings of various amplitudes and widths. In particular, it is demonstrated that typical scattered wave amplitudes in higher-order EAS are significantly smaller than those in first-order EAS, and display strongly different dependencies on grating width, grating amplitude, distance from the front grating boundary, etc. Similar to first-order EAS, second-order EAS is shown to be strongly sensitive to small variations of mean structural parameters at the grating boundaries. EAS in non-sinusoidal gratings is investigated in detail with special focus on the transition between first-order EAS and second-order EAS in such gratings. Tolerance of second-order EAS to the presence of the second grating harmonic is analysed. The effect of phase of the second grating harmonic on transitional EAS is investigated. Physical explanation of the predicted effects is presented.