O_2/CO_2气氛下CH_4再燃还原NO的实验研究

在自行设计的实验装置上研究了CH4再燃还原NO的特性。研究结果表明,最佳再燃温度约为1000℃,再燃区最佳停留时间在0.4～0.6 s之间,随着平衡比的增大脱硝率最高可达90%以上,烟气中NO浓度越大再燃脱硝率越高,而SO_2存在对NO的还原有不利影响。总体表明,相同条件下O_2/CO_2气氛比常规空气气氛更有利于再燃脱硝。     

生物质再燃过程中气相成分的分布规律

采用木屑、谷壳和污泥3种生物质作为再燃燃料,在一台93 kW单角炉上进行了再燃还原燃煤烟气中NO的实验,研究了不同工况条件下炉内关键气体组分的分布情况.结果表明:生物质再燃工况下炉内形成了贫氧的还原性区域,该区域内NO浓度明显低于无再燃的基本工况;炉内还原性区域长度及NO浓度降低程度与再燃燃料种类、再燃燃料量及再燃燃料...     

煤热解挥发分还原NO的反应过程分析

采用详细的化学反应动力学机理对烟煤快速热解挥发分气体还原NO过程进行了数值模拟.根据实际反应条件确定模拟条件为0.1 MPa,1273～1573 K,煤质为准格尔烟煤。首先应用FG-DVC模型模拟得到了热解条件下的气体成分和含量,然后将该气体作为再燃燃料,选取化学当量比为0.6、1.0和1.2进行还原NO的计算.通过敏感性分析和生成速率分析,发现了控制NO生成和还原的关键步骤.只有CH_3、N_2O、NH_i、HCN和H_2CN才可以将NO还原成N_2。     

原位红外光谱法研究大气颗粒物表面非均相反应

大气污染物之间可能发生协同作用,造成严重的二次污染,产生次生环境问题.本实验通过原位红外光谱分析方法研究气态污染物和碳颗粒物之间的吸附过程,发现大气中CO2和NO极易在颗粒物表面发生吸附;CO2在颗粒物表面达到吸附平衡时间很短,NO的吸附平衡时间较长;CO2和SO2会影响NO在颗粒物表面的吸附,CO2在颗粒物表面的吸附几乎不受NO和SO2的影响.     

煤和煤焦还原NO的实验研究

本文报告了在 ＮＯ初始浓度为 １０００ × １０－６、不同的反应区温度和化学当量比的条件下,不同煤粉及其煤焦对ＮＯ还原的实验结果．实验结果表明,ＮＯ的还原率不仅取决于反应区的化学当量比和反应温度,而且更重要的是取决于再燃燃料的性质、以及再燃燃料中金属氧化物的含量。煤粉作为再燃燃料还原ＮＯ时,煤焦的异相机理起主要作用。     

高浓度CO2气氛下燃煤氮、硫污染物的释放特性

采用污染物在线分析仪、气相便携红外分析仪研究了程序升温条件下改变氧化介质时煤中氮,硫的释放特性以及含硫物相的浓度变化规律,探讨了不同气氛,CO2浓度与O2浓度单独变化时对NO、SO2析出特性的影响机理.结果表明:O2/CO2燃烧气氛下NO、SO2排放峰值及总量均低于O2/N2气氛.CO2气氛下烟气中存在大量的CO,有利于NO的降解,同时也促进了烟气中其他含硫物相的形成,随着CO2浓度的增加,特别是在燃烧后期,NO、SO2的排放显著降低.O2浓度改变对NO和SO2的释放影响不同:O2浓度升高促进了SO2的析出;但是O2浓度在一定范围内增加对NO的排放并无明显影响,随着O2浓度进一步增加,NO的释放峰向低温区迁移,同时排放量降低.     

超细煤粉分级燃烧中NOx还原规律的研究

煤粉再燃技术脱氮效率高而运行费用低,是最行之有效的低NOx燃烧技术之一.通过模拟计算与试验方法,对一维热态煤粉炉内超细煤粉分级燃烧NOx的还原规律进行了研究.研究结果表明再燃燃料越细,对NOx的还原作用越强,最佳再燃燃料粒度为20μm;在相同NOx还原率的情况下,随着再燃燃料粒度的减小,需要的再燃燃料比例减小,再燃区停留时间缩短.以超细煤粉作为再燃燃料不仅使燃烧效率提高,而且对NOx的还原效率也相应提高,达70%左右.     

O2/CO2气氛下CO对煤焦异相还原NO影响的研究

为揭示O₂/CO₂燃烧过程中高浓度的CO对煤焦异相还原NO的影响,在1073 K温度下使用山西褐煤在卧式炉上进行了实验。分别对O₂/CO₂浓度比及CO浓度下NO的还原特性进行详细实验研究。研究结果表明:在O₂/CO₂气氛下,O₂浓度为30%时具有较高的还原率;相同O₂浓度下O₂/CO₂气氛较空气气氛NO还原率高,表明在CO存在的条件下,高浓度的CO₂会促进NO的还原;当CO浓度从1.5%逐渐升高时,NO的还原率逐渐降低,到CO浓度为5%时,NO还原率比没有加入CO时还要低,而在空气气氛下CO浓度的变化对NO的还原率影响较小。     

煤粉再燃燃烧含氮组分转化机理的敏感性分析

本文以GRI 3.0数据库为基础,结合CHEMKIN模块软件中敏感性分析的方法对煤粉再燃燃烧过程进行了数值模拟研究.通过对整个全模型反应方程进行分析,可以把整个反应机理模型主要分为碳氢组分转化反应机理和含氮组分转化反应机理两大类.本文重点对含氮组分转化反应机理进行了分析.在模拟的基础上,对含氮组分HCN、HNCO、NHt、NCO等转化反应进行了分类,系统地讨论了燃烧过程中含氮组分转化反应对NO的敏感性分析,清晰地揭示了含氮组分生成与还原NO的途径以及作用大小,为实际超细煤粉再燃燃烧技术提供了一定的理论依据.     

利用链式反应同步氧化烟气中NO和SO2的研究

燃煤烟气中NO和SO2的氧化对于提高其脱除效率和改良脱除产物有重要意义。基于大气化学的研究成果,本文提出了利用链式反应同步氧化烟气中NO和SO2的设想。阐述了该方法的反应机理,数值实验研究了在烟气条件下该链式反应发生的可能性以及反应温度对NO和SO2氧化率的影响,提出了利用低成本的添加剂引发链式反应的方法,并分析了选择添加剂的原则。     

Computation of NO x emission of a methane - air diffusion flame in a two-dimensional laminar jet with detailed chemistry

NOx formation from a methane - air diffusion flame in a two-dimensional jet involving highly preheated air, which has recently become an important topic in industrial furnaces, is investigated numerically using a full chemistry approach including C2, prompt and thermal mechanisms. Effects of increased air temperature on NOx formation are examined. Numerical results show that both NO formation mechanisms increase dramatically with increasing air temperature. A C-shaped production zone of NOx, corresponding to the fuel-lean and fuel-rich regions of triple flame, is identified. It is shown that NO formation with high air temperature can be suppressed efficiently by decreasing the oxygen concentration in the airstream. Production rate analyses of elementary reactions are made. Formation paths of NOx at low and high temperatures are obtained and compared. The results show that the NOx formation path depends strongly on the air temperature. In addition to the thermal route and the HCNNO route, the HCNCN and NOCN recycling routes are greatly enhanced at high air temperature. The results show that the prompt mechanism and the thermal mechanism are strongly coupled at high air temperature. Calculations of prompt NO and thermal NO in a two-dimensional jet and in the counterflow configuration reveal that the conventional method cannot give a correct prediction of prompt NO and thermal NO, particularly at high air temperature. A method using the concept of fixed nitrogen is presented. Numerical results indicate that the formation process of prompt NO and thermal NO can be evaluated properly by the present method.     

煤粉再燃对600 MW锅炉NOx排放的影响

在国内某台燃用褐煤的600 MW机组锅炉上进行了煤粉再燃技术示范并进行了工业试验.机组在600 MW负荷下运行时,NOx排放可控制在274 mg/m3(烟气中氧量折算到6%,下同)的水平,比改造前下降了65.36%,同时燃烧效率没有降低.进行了常规通风、空气分级和煤粉再燃三个工况下的试验,结果表明,煤粉再燃对NOx的控制效果最好,其次为空气分级.再燃煤粉比例对NOx排放也有明显的影响,在试验条件下,随着再燃燃料比例的增加,NOx排放呈降低趋势.     

循环流化床煤燃烧中氮氧化物排放的研究

循环流化床煤燃烧中氮氧化物排放的研究冯波，袁建伟，刘皓，卢建欣，林志杰，刘德昌（华中理工大学动力系武汉４３００７４）关键词循环流化床，氮氧化物１前言近年来，ＮＺＯ由于对臭氧层的破坏作用和一定的温室效应而引起了较大的关注。特别地，在流化床煤燃烧中（包括...     

多孔介质燃烧-换热器NOx排放的二维数值研究

通过二维单温模型,考虑甲烷燃烧的详细化学反应机理,数值研究多孔介质燃烧-换热器内的燃烧、传热和NO排放规律.研究主要工作参数过量空气系数和燃烧器功率对氮氧化物排放的影响.结果表明,过量空气系数和功率对NO排放有显著的影响.功率一定时,过量空气系数由1.12增大到1.42时,NO体积分数由3.9E-5减少到1.8E-5....     

Cavity ring-down measurements of seeded NO in premixed atmospheric-pressure H2/air and CH4/air flames

Quantitative aspects of using cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy near 226 nm for measurements of NO mole fractions in premixed atmospheric-pressure flames are discussed. Measurements in methane–air flames showed strong broadband absorption near 226 nm by hot CO₂ molecules, precluding using the cavity ring-down method in these flames at atmospheric pressure. In hydrogen–air flames, the broadband absorption at this wavelength was substantially lower. Absorption cross sections derived from non-seeded cavity ring-down spectra suggest that absorption by water is the major contribution to the background in these flames. The detectability limit for NO by cavity ring-down measurements in hydrogen–air flames using the current setup is estimated to be 10 ppm. Effects of the cold boundary layer on the measured NO mole fraction were accounted for by measuring the radial distributions of temperature and NO mole fraction using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), respectively. Measurements performed in seeded stoichiometric and lean hydrogen–air flames showed no reburning at temperatures above 1750 K, demonstrating the adequacy of using these flames for calibration of LIF measurements. At lower temperatures, the mole fraction of NO in the hot gases was up to 30% lower than that expected from the degree of seeding in the cold gases. PACS 42.62.Fi; 42.68.Ca; 82.33.Vx     

介质阻挡放电等离子体的化学动力学效应研究

为了进一步揭示等离子体强化甲烷点火过程的化学动力学机理,设计和搭建了介质阻挡放电等离子体激励空气的实验系统,实验测量了在空气中介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器产生的发射光谱,利用光谱技术分析了等离子体激励空气产生的若干活性粒子,给出了零维均质点火模型以及敏感性分析和化学路径分析的计算方法,模拟了不同初始温度下NO和O₃对甲烷点火延迟时间的影响,并分析了活性粒子NO和O₃强化甲烷点火的化学动力学过程。研究表明：介质阻挡放电等离子体激励空气主要产生N₂和O₂的若干激发态粒子,并最终转化成存活时间较长的活性粒子NO_x和O₃,等离子体对甲烷点火过程的影响可以简化成活性粒子NO_x和O₃对甲烷点火过程的影响;CH₃的氧化速率决定了甲烷点火过程的快慢,在自点火过程中CH₃的氧化路径是反应式R155和R156,初始温度较低时R155和R156的反应速率慢,所以甲烷的点火延迟时间长;NO缩短点火延迟时间是由于CH₃的氧化路径由自点火过程中的反应式R155和R156改为反应式R327 CH₃O₂+NO=CH₃O+NO₂和R328 CH₃+NO₂=CH₃O+NO;O₃强化甲烷点火过程同样是由于O₃改变CH₃的氧化路径,从化学动力学上缩短点火延迟时间。     

Experimental and kinetic investigations of the effect of H2/CH4/C2H4 addition on the burning properties of practical jet fuel

Laminar flame speeds of premixed jet fuel/air with the addition of hydrogen, methane and ethylene are measured in a constant-volume bomb at an initial temperature of 420 K, initial pressure of 3 atm, equivalence ratios of 0.6–1.5 and gas mass fractions of 0–50%. The experimental results show that the addition of hydrogen and ethylene can significantly improve the laminar flame speed of the liquid jet fuel, while the addition of methane shows a weak inhibitory effect, and these effects are relatively remarkable on the fuel-rich conditions. The laminar flame speed of the dual fuels/air is linearly dependent on the additional gas mass fraction. A kinetic analysis indicates that the gas addition causes both thermodynamic and chemical kinetic effects on the laminar flame speed of the dual fuels/air. The adiabatic temperature increases and decreases with the addition of hydrogen/ethylene and methane, respectively. A sensitivity analysis shows that the reactions concerning to the H, CH₃ and C₂H₃ radicals become significant with the addition of hydrogen, methane and ethylene, respectively, and that the different values of the rate of product (ROP) of these species via the critical reactions lead to a different promotional or inhibitory effect on the fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions.