共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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基于改性膨润土可能存在的优异吸附能力,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和场发射扫描电镜研究分析了巯基化、钠化及酸化三种改性膨润土对Cu2+,Pb2+和Zn2+的等温吸附与竞争吸附实验结果。研究结果表明,在单一重金属离子的等温吸附环境下,巯基化膨润土对Cu2+,Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附能力明显优于其他两种材料,且对Pb2+具有一定的吸附选择性,吸附率达到近100%;在竞争吸附环境下,三种改性膨润土对Cu2+,Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附率都有所下降,但巯基化膨润土仍旧能够保持较好的吸附能力,较其他膨润土的吸附率大约高出10%~40%;三种重金属离子的吸附量均表现为Cu2+>Pb2+>Zn2+,这与三种重金属离子的竞争能力、化学亲和力等大小有关;膨润土的巯基改性,步骤简单且吸附重金属的效果好,对膨润土改性及其应用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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本文对用Co2+-Ti4+和Cu2+-Nb5+离子取代BaFe12O19单晶体中Fe3+离子进行了研究,以Bi2O3作为助熔剂生长出了BaFe12-2xCox2+Tix4+O19(x=0;0.04;0.09;0.13;0.27和0.68)以及BaFe12-x[Nb1/35+Cu2/32+]xO19(x=0;0.28;0.44和0.60)这两系列的单晶体,测定了100—300K温度范围内样品的磁化强度σ与单轴各向异性常数K1,我们发现,对Co2+-Ti4+取代的样品,当x≤0.09时,其σ与K1随x的增加而缓慢增加;当x>0.09时,其σ与K1随x的增加而迅速降低,至x=1.1时,K1变为零,对Nb5+-Cu2+取代的样品,其σ值在整个成份范围内基本保持不变,且有缓慢增加趋势;而K1值则随x增加而单调下降,提出了取代离子在M型六角铁氧体中可能的分布模型来解释我们的结果。
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采用带有快门的增强型瞬态光谱探测系统ICCD, 实时拍摄了槲皮素与Cu2+ 和Al3+ 配位反应的紫外-可见吸收光谱。结果显示, Cu2+ 和Al3+与槲皮素配合, 在中性条件下都有吸收峰为428 nm左右的中间产物产生, 最终产物都在300 nm左右有稳定的吸收峰; 而酸性条件下则直接生成吸收峰为300 nm左右的最终产物。虽然Cu2+ 和Al3+是不同的金属离子, 但在相同的酸性或中性条件下, 它们与槲皮素的配合过程却是相似的,只是完成反应所需要的时间不同。本文结果为进一步研究槲皮素与金属离子配合的机理提供了实验依据。 相似文献
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本文研究了非晶态离子导体Li2B2O4的离子电导率与温度的关系,特别着重于晶化前期的离子迁移特性。当温度低于TK(≈310℃)时,离子电导率遵从Arrhenius关系。当高于晶化温度(≈411℃)时,以晶态中的离子迁移为主。在Tkc时,电导率偏离热激活机制呈反常增高。我们把这一过程称为晶化前期过程。可以用自由体积模型进行描述。晶化前期又可分为两部分:当温度低于、Tp(≈380℃)时,由于自由体积的重新分布,导致了电导率的增高;当T>Tp时,出现了少量微晶,但晶化量小于5%,由于非晶母体与微晶之间的界面效应使得离子导电性显著增强。可以通过室温淬火,把晶化前期非晶态的状态保持到室温,从而有可能制备出离子电导率高于纯非晶态的材料。
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用电子自旋共振(ESR)方法对非晶Ag+离子导体0.85AgI~0.15Ag4P2O7的热处理晶化过程进行研究,在样品中掺入微量(约1×10-3 g/g)的Mn2+或V4+离子作为自旋探针离子,它们的ESR谱强度随升温线性减弱,当样品完全晶化时ESR谱消失。这样测定的样品完全晶化的温度分别为98℃(掺Mn的)和108℃(掺V的).本文还对Mn2+和V4+的ESR谱进行了分析。 相似文献
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《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(4-6):1023-1032
Real-time SAXS and WAXS patterns have been simultaneously obtained during isothermal melt-crystallization of blends of low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The analysis of results shows that the originally homogeneous, single-phase polymer blend separates into two phases. The PMMA molecules diffuse from the blend and form completely segregated regions while PEO starts to crystallize. The first and dominating effect at the beginning of crystallization is the formation of unstable lamellae of nonintegrally folded chains (NIF). The real-time crystallinity and density of the PEO crystalline phase in absolute units were obtained from the time-resolved SAXS/WAXS results. The structure development proceeds in two steps. A very fast evolution of PEO crystals from the melt starts to crystallize in disordered NIF lamellae with thick amorphous interlayers and with a lower density of crystalline phase. The steep growth of crystallinity and crystalline density mean quick thickening of crystalline part of lamellae and improvement of their crystalline structure. In the second step, the structure of the crystalline phase gradually improves and crystallinity grows very slowly. The recrystallization of NIF lamellae into extended chain lamellae (EC) and lamellae with once folded chains (1F) proceeds during both stages of crystallization. 相似文献
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The crystallization of the amorphous Cu60Zr40 alloy has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning Auger microprobe (SAM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The DSC trace showed that the sample exhibited a glass transition at 750 K and a strong exothermic effect beginning from 782 K. An enrichment of the element Zr and significant oxygen contamination in a zone near the surface to a depth of about 10 nm were revealed by SAM in the analysis of surface competition and depth profiles of the Cu60Zr40 sample. Also, the change of concentration ratio of Ca to Zr in amorphous matrix at the clean Cu60Zr40 surface as a function of annealing temperature was examined in detail, and it was found that the concentration of Zr at the surface is slightly higher than that in the bulk until 780K and that the concentration ratio of Cu to Zr in matrix has an abrupt increase in the temperature range of 780-800K. The observations by high resolution TEM revealed the appearance of cluster-like regions of approximately 1.5-2.0 nm in size just before crystallization and they distributed randomly throughout the sample. This phenomenon is analogous to the results obtained using field ion microscopy (FIM) by the present authors. The microstructural changes of the sample daring heating show the gradual crystallization of the amorphous matrix. 相似文献