光源宽度对光栅分辨本领的影响

光栅的分辨本领定义为其中λ是所考虑波长,δλ是λ附近刚能分辨的两谱线的波长差。一般光学教材都给出了理想点光源或线光源(宽度为零)情况下光栅的理想分辨本领的公式 R=mN(2)其中m是干涉主最大级次,N是光栅刻痕总数。但实用中光源总有一定的宽度,这时光栅的实际分辨本领R'要比R有所下降。探讨R'与R的关系是—个有实际意义的课题。文献[1]中对此给出了公式其中W是所用缝光源宽度,f是准直透镜 L0的焦距(参见图1),D是光栅G的资用长度(设L0的透光孔径能复盖住整个光栅,否则只需把D换成L0透光孔径即可),θ为衍射角。此式当W→0时会导致…     

基于分光计的光栅光谱特性研究

在分光计上,观察并测试了不同光栅常数的光栅在汞光源下的光谱,探究光栅的分辨能力与光栅常数之间的关系。实验结果表明,在光栅有效使用宽度一定的情况下,随着光栅常数的减小,光栅的色分辨本领R和角色散率D都大幅提高,光栅的分辨能力提高。因此,在技术许可的条件下,减少光栅常数d是提高光栅色分辨本领的有效措施,这对光栅的制作和选用以及相关领域的发展具有较好的指导作用。     

扩展光源照明的双光栅系统滤波狭缝对成象莫尔条纹的作用与影响

本文用衍射理论定量分析了扩展光源照明的双光栅系统中滤波狭缝对成象莫尔条纹形成的影响及作用,给出了狭缝的面内及离面位移量与条纹手移量及倾斜角间的关系.     

部分相干光栅衍射效应和干涉术

本文提出一种新的部分相干照明的光栅衍射干涉仪.先分析了光栅的介于Talbot和Lan效应之间的部分相干衍射效应.部分相干干涉图的特点是条纹由频率成倍的两种光栅状载波所表征.调整光源狭缝,系统在两相干性极端分别转成Talbot和Lau干涉仪.理论分析采用了模糊函数方法.最后给出了实验.     

3-光栅系统的干涉效应

本文用部份相干的观点提出并研究了三个独立光栅串联排列系统的干涉效应。用模糊函数导出了干涉条纹光强分布为三个光栅等效函数的联合卷积-相关积分。给出了条纹存在的光栅间距离和周期比条件。随光源光栅狭缝宽度的变化相应产生相干的Talbot效应、部份相干效应和非相干的Lau效应。部份相干条纹的波形随光栅的平移而变化。最后给出了实验验证。 关键词：     

实际光栅系统分辨本领的实验验证

本文通过光栅衍射实验对钠光双线结构的观测，验证了实际光栅系统的分辨本领。     

Offner型成像光谱仪波长使用范围和光谱分辨率研究

研究了Offner型成像光谱仪消像差结构的参量和性能.用几何法推导出Offner型成像光谱仪的波长使用范围、系统线色散以及光谱分辨率的计算公式;在理想像差条件下,分析了Offner型成像光谱仪光谱分辨率与入射狭缝的宽度、凸面光栅分辨率和探测器像元尺寸各个因素之间的关系;探讨了提高光谱分辨率采用的方法和技术,解决了光谱仪的各个参量和光谱分辨率之间的矛盾.研究表明:当系统像差很小可忽略时,通过减小狭缝宽度,有利于提高光谱分辨率;Offner型成像光谱仪的分辨率由入射狭缝宽度、光栅和CCD像元尺寸三者中分辨本领最低的参量确定.     

直角棱镜摄谱仪的两项调节

本文简要叙述了直角棱镜摄谱仪缝宽和暗箱倾角的调节方法．介绍了缝宽对分辨本领和底片上谱线强度的影响，给出了正常缝宽的计算公式和利用狭缝衍射花样调节狭缝宽度的方法；同时介绍了由两条清晰谱线位置差计算暗箱倾角调节量的公式．     

部分相干光照明下光栅的塔尔博特效应

首先利用部分相干光理论详细地分析了在部分相干光照明下光栅的菲涅耳衍射,给出了观察面上衍射光强分布的一般公式,并就光源的发光面积对光栅塔尔博特效应的影响进行了讨论,得到了光栅衍射光强的分布随着照明光源的发光尺寸的增加而逐渐变得平滑这一结论．并且,当光源发光尺寸增加到毫米量级时,光栅的塔尔博特效应将完全消失。在实验上埘不同发光尺寸的扩展作相干光源照明光栅时的菲涅耳衍射光强进行了测量,实验结果与理论分析得出的结论相符合。     

弱谐波情况下透射光栅衍射效率标定方法

同步辐射光源中的高次谐波会使透射光栅衍射效率标定精度变差。为了校正光源中的高次谐波对透射光栅衍射效率标定的影响,提出了一种光源存在弱谐波情况下的透射光栅衍射效率标定方法,通过使用谐波X射线的衍射效率修正基波衍射效率标定中谐波的影响,从而得到更为准确的透射光栅衍射效率。使用该标定方法在北京同步辐射光源上开展了透射光栅相对衍射效率标定工作。实验结果表明:在100~800eV存在高次谐波能段,修正后透射光栅一级与零级的相对衍射效率与理论模拟结果吻合较好,修正后光栅二级与一级的相对衍射效率更接近理论模拟结果,但与理论模拟结果仍有较大偏差,该偏差主要来源光栅较弱的二级衍射。     

光学多通道分析仪的分辨率分析

介绍了光学多通道分析仪 (Optic Multichannel Analyzer,OMA)的基本组成和工作原理 ,着重分析了OMA系统中光谱仪的狭缝宽度、光栅参数和 CCD的像素尺度对 OMA系统分辨率的影响。得到的结论是 :OMA系统的分辨率是由系统中分辨率最低的环节决定的 ,无限制地减小狭缝宽度无助于系统分辨率的提高。     

任意发光类型的多色光照明下光栅塔尔博特效应的研究

利用部分相干光理论对多色光源照明下光栅的菲涅耳衍射进行了理论分析,得到了适用于任意发光类型(脉冲或连续发光)的多色光源的衍射光强的一般公式,理论结果表明菲涅耳衍射区的平均衍射光强的形式只与光源的频谱分布有关,这对借助于连续发光光源来研究脉冲光源照明下光栅的塔尔博特效应以及用来确定脉冲光源的性能参量提供了有力的参考依据。此外,详细讨论了光源的频谱分布对光栅塔尔博特效应的影响并进行了相应的数值计算。实验中通过选用不同频率的激光分别照明光栅,拍摄到对应于不同频率的衍射光强分布图像,从而间接获得多色光同时照明光栅时总的衍射光强分布。实验结果表明,理论和实验符合较好。     

Influence of slit width on the electromagnetic transmission of a periodic metallic grating

The light transmittance of a periodic metallic grating with varied slit widths has been investigated. The transmission peaks move to the shorter wavelength direction with an increase in the width of slits while keeping the other parameters unchanged. It was demonstrated that the slit width affects the spectral transmittance of the metal grating significantly. It was also found that the effective refractive index and cavity modes in slits are responsible for this phenomenon. Cavity modes play an important role in extraordinary transmission of the sub-wavelength aperture grating. When a complete resonant mode forms in the slits, a high transmission will appear. A wider slit results in a smaller efficient refractive index and thus affects the cavity mode in the slits. These two elements cause the transmission peaks to move to the shorter wavelength direction with widening of slits. The results obtained here may provide a useful guide to design metallic slit grating devices.     

单色仪波长定标中狭缝设置的影响分析

单色仪作为一种分光仪器，在传感器的辐射定标等方面具有重要应用。在实际应用过程中，其波长和带宽的设置对传感器的精确定标具有重要影响。使用低压汞灯作为波长标准光源，通过对其特征谱线扫描的方法，研究了传感器定标过程中，设置单色仪不同的狭缝宽度，对传感器精确定标具有重要影响。结果显示，当出射入射狭缝相同，同时改变其宽度的情况下，与典型校准状态(出射入射狭缝宽度设置为0.5 mm)相比，波长偏差量达到0.17 nm；当入射狭缝与出射狭缝不一致时，与典型校准状态相比，波长偏差量达到0.18 nm；当光源未充满入射狭缝与充满入射狭缝相比，最大误差达到0.02 nm，该影响几乎可以忽略。在相关的传感器光谱辐射定标实验研究中，单色仪的定标精度和准确性评估等方面具有重要应用。     

Adjustable plasmon resonances through an H-shaped metallic grating

We propose an H-shaped metallic grating and investigate its surface plasmon resonance properties. The result shows the formation process of the transmission spectra of the H-shaped grating by adjusting the depths of the arm cuts, and a band gap is formed on the region of short wavelength. It is also presented that the transmission of the H-shaped grating sensitively depends on the width and position of the arm slit, noticeable magnitude modification, redshift and blueshift, meld and split of the resonance peaks are found. In addition, the resonance peaks exhibit dips in the transmission spectrum when the two slit widths are different, and the dips are tunable by changing any one slit width for fixed another slit. To understand its physical origin, a field-interference mechanism, the Fabry–Pérot-like resonance theory and the phase resonance mechanism have been suggested, respectively. By selecting appropriate structural parameters, an H-shaped metallic grating for optical filter and channel selecting devices can be constructed.     

Analysis on diffraction properties of the transmission phase grating

Diffraction properties of the transmission phase grating are analyzed in terms of the Fourier optics theory. The analysis results show that the diffraction intensity distribution of the transmission phase grating is closely related to the optical thickness of the grating and the wavelength of the incident light, and not only determined by the grating's period and slit width. For monochromatic incident light, more than 80% of the diffraction energy will concentrate to the first diffraction order under certain conditions. For white incident light, the energy of the first order of diffraction spectrum may be much higher than other orders. Based on these results, some possible applications of the transmission phase grating are discussed.     

Analysis on polarization dependence of Fraunhofer diffraction by metallic grating with short period

A method based on the combination of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm and Fourier transformation was proposed to analyze the Fraunhofer diffraction of gratings. Polarization dependence of the Fraunhofer diffraction of a one-dimensional metallic grating with period less than 8 times the incident wavelength was studied. Some special characteristics were found. The polarization dependence is related to period value, slit width, and thickness of the grating, and the missing orders predicted by scalar analysis appear. Besides, if the period of a grating is larger than 8 times the wavelength but the slit width or the size of the opaque portion of the grating is close to the wavelength, diffraction of the grating also becomes polarization dependent.     

拼接光栅缝隙对激光脉冲光强分布的影响

以拼接光栅作为色散元件的激光脉冲压缩器中,要求脉冲压缩光栅表面光强分布均匀、能量输出效率高。利用菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射原理对脉冲压缩光栅表面光强和远场光强分布进行了研究。计算了拼接光栅缝隙宽度对光栅表面光强变化量和远场光强极大值的影响。在利特罗角附近入射时发现激光脉冲光强分布与拼接光栅缝隙宽度相关,得出了光栅拼接缝隙宽度应控制在0.5 mm以内。适当提高缝隙衍射效率能够改善光强分布均匀性和提高光能量输出,提出了对拼接缝隙采用两次重复曝光以提高其衍射效率的方法。     

平面光栅双单色仪的光学系统设计

平面光栅双单色仪是构成光栅衍射效率测试仪的重要组成部分,为了完成光栅衍射效率测试仪的研制,需要对平面光栅双单色仪的光学系统进行设计和模拟。仪器主要由光源、前置单色仪、测量单色仪和探测器组成;结合仪器的实际使用需要,确定了光源、探测器和光路结构,根据仪器的设计要求,分别对前置单色仪和测量单色仪的光学系统进行设计和模拟,给出了各自光学系统的像面点列图和实际光线追迹数据。设计结果保证了仪器光学系统的测量准确性。     

Efficient excitation and amplification of the surface plasmons

One dimensional (1D) grating has been fabricated (using focused ion beam) on 50 nm gold (Au) film deposited on higher refractive index Gallium phosphate (GaP) substrate. The sub-wavelength periodic metal nano structuring enable to couple photon to couple with the surface plasmons (SPs) excited by them. These grating devices provide the efficient control on the SPs which propagate on the interface of noble metal and dielectric whose frequency is dependent on the bulk electron plasma frequency of the metal. For a fixed periodicity (Λ = 700 nm) and slit width (w = 100 nm) in the grating device, the efficiency of SPP excitation is about 40% compared to the transmission in the near-field. Efficient coupling of SPs with photon in dielectric provide field localisation on sub-wavelength scale which is needed in Heat Assisted Magnetic recording (HAMR) systems. The GaP is also used to emulate Vertical Cavity Surface emitting laser (VCSEL) in order to provide cheaper alternative of light source being used in HAMR technology. In order to understand the underlying physics, far-and near-field results has been compared with the modelling results which are obtained using COMSOL RF module.Apart from this, grating devices of smaller periodicity (Λ = 280 nm) and slit width (w = 22 nm) has been fabricated on GaP substrate which is photoluminescence material to observe amplified spontaneous emission of the SPs at wavelength of 805 nm when the grating device was excited with 532 nm laser light. This observation is unique and can have direct application in light emitting diodes (LEDs).