单模光纤连接损耗研究

本文从单模光纤高斯模场解析分析法入手,推出了单模光纤归一化频率与高斯模场直径的解析表达式,此后,导出了单模光纤连接中同时存在横向偏移,轴线倾斜,端面间隙,以及光纤直径不匹配时的连接损耗更加完整而普通的计算公式,从而为单模光纤连接器及单模光纤熔接机对准系统的设计提供了依据。     

集成光学条波导阵列与单模光纤阵列的联接

本文报告了一种新的集成光学条波导阵列与镶嵌在硅V槽中的单模光纤阵列耦合联接方法的设计考虑,导出了确定光纤正确位置及V型槽的几何尺寸的若干计算公式.并讨论了光纤与波导几何尺寸与耦合效率的关系.指出了这是实现单模光纤阵列与条波导阵列的固定联接的有效方法,它简化了波导与光纤的对准程序,即由五维调整简化为平面的一维调整.可实现多个波导和多个光纤的同时对准与固定.最大限度地利用了有效重叠面积,从而提高了光纤与条波导的耦合效率.一组典型的数据是单模光纤(芯径10μm)对单模波导(10μm×5μm)的耦合效率可达55%,而同样尺寸的波导对光纤的最大耦会效率可达86%.     

光器件用选择截止特种单模光纤的开发

对器件用特种单模光纤的弯曲损耗进行了理论分析,并采用Matlab对弯曲损耗进行了仿真数值分析,研究了单模光纤宏弯损耗和微弯损耗随光纤波导结构及波长的变化规律,并优化了光纤波导结构,开发出抗弯性能优良的单模光纤,同时具有较低的熔接损耗。     

由场分布求单模光纤的波导色散

本文提出计算单模光纤波导色散的一种新的解析方法。对于阶跃单模光纤,由准确的电场分布导出的波导色散计算公式,较Sansonetti的公式更精确。     

基于单透镜的空间光-单模光纤耦合方法

将自由空间光耦合进单模光纤产生超连续谱的实验中,空间光与单模光纤的耦合效率是其中的一个关键问题。常采用的单透镜或显微物镜进行耦合存在耦合效率低、调整难度大、端面易损伤等问题。提出了先将自由空间的光耦合进纤芯尺寸较大的单模光纤,然后将纤芯较大的单模光纤和纤芯较小的单模光纤进行熔接。实验结果表明,改进的耦合系统耦合效率大大提高,达到60%以上,且调整难度降低,光纤端面的损伤概率降低,大大提高了超连续谱产生的效率。     

单模光纤色散的解析形式

根据波导标量解本征值方程及其递推关系,提出一种利用Gloge关系求解单模光纤中波导色散的理论方法,给出了色散的解析形式,通过分析归一化传输常数的近似解与精确解间的差别论证了这种解析法具有精确求解的计算精度,给出普通单模光纤（G．652）光纤色散的实验数据,并与计算的色散解析解曲线加以比较,二者达到极好的吻合,利用所得到的结果,分析了数值微分法和经验公式的计算精度。     

采用四根单模光纤束实现消逝波原子(或分子)波导的理论分析

提出了一种利用四根亚微米单模光纤束实现冷原子(或冷分子)波导的新方案，计算了四光纤束内空心区域的消逝波光场及其光学囚禁势.研究表明这种蓝失谐的空心消逝波光场同样可用于实现冷原子(或冷分子)的激光波导，而且与传统的中空光纤原子波导方案相比，不仅简单方便，造价低廉，而且更容易实现冷原子物质波的高效单模波导. 关键词： 单模光纤 消逝波 原子(或分子)波导     

空间激光与单模光纤和光子晶体光纤的耦合效率

为了设计最优光纤耦合系统,利用高斯模场近似单模阶跃光纤的模场和大模面积光子晶体光纤的模场,推导出了理想情况下空间激光与这两种光纤的耦合效率解析表达式以及光纤端面相对于耦合系统存在横向偏移和端面倾斜时的耦合效率解析表达式。基于上述理论表达式计算了空间激光与光纤的耦合效率,并通过实验验证了此理论表达式的有效性。理论计算和实验均证实了单模阶跃光纤对于横向偏移更敏感,当横向偏移量等于单模光纤的纤芯半径时所对应的耦合效率只有20.25%,为理论最大值的1/4;而大模面积光子晶体光纤对于端面倾斜更加敏感,当端面倾斜2°时对应的耦合效率只有40.5%,为理论最大值的1/2。所提出理论表达式和实验方法完全可以为设计光纤耦合系统提供准确的参数。     

三包层WⅠ和WⅡ型单模光纤波导色散特性的研究

研究了三包层WⅠ和WⅡ型单模光纤的波导色散特性。结果发现在相同条件下，三包层WⅠ和WⅡ型单模光纤零色散点的调节范围比传统的双包层W型单模光纤明显增大。详细分析了几何参量P、Q和光学参量R1、R2对单模传输时的波导色散特性和低次模截止频率的影响。所得的研究结果为获得更为理想的色散补偿、色散平坦光纤及设计新型无源光器件提供了重要的依据。计算波导色散的方法可推广到多包层光纤。     

等效电流方法计算单模光纤的辐射损耗

本文将无源的不规则波导看作有源的理想波导,求等效极化电流电场,直接得到单一光波导模间耦合和辐射损耗问题的解。用这个方法计算了阶跃单模光纤折射率轴向不均匀变化的损耗。这种方法完全脱离了耦合波的概念,它不但物理意义明确,而且求解问题的方法简洁。最后以单模光纤弯曲和微弯损耗为例,说明等效电流方法还适用于广义耦合波理论才能求解的问题。     

用有效折射率/有限元法设计1.55μmTi:LiNbO3单模条波导及其方向耦合器

应用有效折射率/有限元法(EI-FEM),考虑到LiNbO3晶体和Ti扩散的各向异性,折射率增量与寻常光、非寻常光及波长色散的关系,设计了1.55μm光波长下工作的z切y传播Ti:LiNbO3单模条波导的制备参数,计算和分析了其单模特性、模式场分布及其变化规律.扩展了EI-FEM,将其用于求解耦合波导系统,确定了方向耦合器的耦合长度及其波长色散特性.     

Polarization-independent grating couplers for silicon-on-insulator nanophotonic waveguides

We propose the use of subwavelength structures in a waveguide grating to achieve polarization-independent coupling of light between an optical fiber and a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) optical waveguide. The subwavelength structure allows the mode effective indices of the TE and TM modes in the grating section to be precisely engineered. We calculate that coupling efficiency of over 64% is possible using the proposed design for polarization-independent coupling between single-mode optical fibers and SOI nanophotonic waveguides.     

Optimal direct coupling from single-mode fibers to Ti:LiNbO3, channel waveguides

We investigate the optimal direct coupling from single-mode fibers to Ti:LihbO₃, channel waveguides using a very general formula and a heuristic optimization technique in this article. The coupling efficiency of the optical power depends on both the fiber positions and the modal sizes of the incident fields. From our numerical simulation, it is found that the optimal positions of the fiber axes are not in alignment with the peaks of the waveguiding modal fields and that the coupling efficiency can be improved by microlenses.     

Tapered microstructured fibers for efficient coupling to optical waveguides: a numerical study

We report the possibility of using tapered microstructured fibers to improve the coupling efficiency from a standard single-mode fiber to a photonic crystal waveguide. The tapered microstructured fiber allows for the reduction of the mode mismatch between the output of the standard fiber and the input of the waveguide while maintaining single-mode guidance, which results in an enhanced coupling efficiency. Numerical simulations are conducted in order to optimize the cross section of the microstructured fiber as well as the taper profile. An improvement of more than 4 dB is obtained compared to non-tapered fibers. For further improvement, an elliptical-core tapered microstructured fiber is analyzed. The effect of misalignment between the tapered microstructured fiber and the waveguide is also studied.     

Design for broadband high-efficiency grating couplers

In this Letter, we propose general optimization methods to design broadband high-efficiency grating couplers for planar waveguides. We attribute the coupling bandwidth to the mismatch of effective indices between the diffracted beam and the actual grating structure around the operation wavelength for fiber to waveguide excitation. The coupling bandwidth formula is deduced. A simple parameter-separate optimization procedure is proposed for general layered grating couplers for high coupling efficiency. Using our principle, we optimized a grating coupler for a horizontal slot waveguide operating at wavelength 1.55 μm for TM polarization. The grating coupler has 1 dB bandwidth of 60 nm and coupling efficiency of 65% with incident light from single-mode optical fiber (SMF) at 8°.     

Modeling of InGaAsP–InP 1.55 μm lasers with integrated mode expanders using fiber-matched leaky waveguides

A new concept for InGaAsP–InP 1.55 μm lasers integrated with spot size converters using leaky waveguides is presented. The large fundamental mode size and the high discrimination of the higher order modes make ARROWs (Antiresonant Reflecting Optical Waveguides) and antiguided waveguides useful for fiber coupling functions. Three-dimensional (3-D) beam propagation method (BPM) results show that the devices have transformation losses lower than 0.22 dB. Fiber-coupling efficiencies of 60% are possible with standard cleaved single-mode fibers (SMF). The horizontal and vertical FWHM can be efficiently reduced to 9.70° (horizontal) and 17.80° (vertical). The fabrication of such devices avoids the growth of thick layers of quaternary material with a low Ga and As fraction, and simplifies the fabrication to one planar epitaxial growth step and one non-critical conventional etch. Received: 16 May 2001 / Published online: 30 October 2001     

Ti:sapphire rib channel waveguide fabricated by reactive ion etching of a planar waveguide

We report, to our knowledge, the first active channel waveguide in Ti:sapphire. We have created ∼1.4-μm high ribs in a ∼10-μm thick Ti:sapphire planar waveguide by reactive ion etching. Following excitation by an Ar-ion laser, the rib structure showed channel-waveguide fluorescence emission. The mode profiles and the beam-parameter values (M²) were measured. The coupling efficiency of fluorescence emission into a single-mode fiber was an order of magnitude higher than for fluorescence from unstructured planar regions of the waveguide. Such devices are of interest as low-threshold tunable lasers and as broadband light sources in low-coherence interferometry. Received: 22 December 2002 / Revised version: 30 March 2002 / Published online: 8 August 2002     

Quasi-self-imaging planar waveguide lasers with high-power single-mode output

We describe high-power planar waveguide laser which can achieve single-mode output from a multi-mode structure. The planar waveguide is constructed with incomplete self-imaging properties, by which the coupling loss of each guided mode can be discriminated. Thermal lens effects are evaluated for single-mode operation of such high-power diode-pumped solid-state lasers.     

Expanded-core channel waveguides: Single-mode analysis and application

A buried channel waveguide composed of several core layers (i.e., a expanded-core waveguide) is proved to exhibit single-mode wave characteristics and a mode field compatible with that of a standard single-mode fiber. A sufficient condition for achieving single-mode operation is derived using an effective-index method. The concept of expanded-core waveguides is then applied to the design of MMIC-based beam splitters. Numerical results show that the mode field would exhibit a strong evanescent wave for TM mode in case the core layers are not many enough, even the TE mode field is well confined in the expanded core region. This situation induces substantial polarization dependent loss and a large fiber coupling loss for TM wave. However, this situation can be improved by using more core layers for the expanded-core waveguide.