Massive Particles＇ de Sitter Tunneling in （3＋1）-Dimensional de Sitter Spacetimes

In this paper, massive particles＇ Hawking radiation via tunneling from cosmological horizon of a （3＋1）- dimensional de Sitter spacetime is investigated. According to Parikh＇s theory, when a particle tunnels across the cosmological horizon, the effective geometry is Schwarzschild de Sitter spacetime. In this effective spacetime, a massive particle can be treated as a de Broglie S-wave. WKB method is used. The emission spectrum is obtained, and it takes the same functional form as that of massless particles.     

A Secret Tunnel Through the Horizon

Hawking radiation is often intuitively visualized as particles that have tunneled across the horizon. Yet, at first sight, it is not apparent where the barrier is. Here I show that the barrier depends on the tunneling particle itself. The key is to implement energy conservation, so that the black hole contracts during the process of radiation. A direct consequence is that the radiation spectrum cannot be strictly thermal. The correction to the thermal spectrum is of precisely the form that one would expect from an underlying unitary quantum theory. This may have profound implications for the black hole information puzzle.     

静态 dilaton 黑洞中带电磁荷粒子的隧穿效应

利用Parikh 和 Wilczek的隧穿模型,在Gibbons-Maeda dilaton 黑洞时空中,通过计算带有电荷和磁荷的粒子在事件视界上的隧穿概率,研究了该黑洞的Hawking辐射.在粒子的隧穿过程中,强调了时空的能量守恒和电磁荷守恒,考虑了隧穿粒子对背景时空的反作用.计算表明,在Gibbons-Maeda dilaton 黑洞时空中,带电磁荷的粒子通过事件视界的隧穿概率取决于粒子出射前后黑洞熵的变化.这表示,黑洞辐射过程中可以满足信息守恒和量子理论的幺正性.关键词：黑洞霍金辐射量子理论     

带电带磁粒子的量子隧穿辐射

运用Parikh-Wilczek的半经典量子隧穿法,计算了带电带磁粒子穿过黑洞视界时的量子隧穿辐射谱.以带有时空拓扑缺陷的双荷Reissner-Nordstrǒm黑洞为例进行研究,计算结果表明带电带磁粒子的出射过程满足么正性原理,支持Parikh-Wilczek的结论,出射谱不再是纯热谱.关键词：黑洞Hawking辐射量子理论     

静质量不为零的粒子的量子隧穿辐射

用量子隧穿法研究黑洞Hawking辐射,计算了静止质量不为零的粒子穿过Schwarzschild黑洞事件视界的出射率.所得结果满足幺正性原理,且与无质量粒子出射率具有相同的函数形式.关键词：黑洞Hawking辐射量子理论     

Addendum: Hawking Radiation of Photons in a Variable-Mass Kerr Black Hole

Hawking evaporation of photons in a variable-mass Kerr space-time is investigated by using a method of the generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. The blackbody radiant spectrum of photons displays a new spin-rotation coupling effect obviously dependent on different helicity states of photons.     

Quantum Tunneling of Massive Particles from a Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger Dilatonic Black Hole

Hawking radiation is viewed as a process of quantum tunneling. The massive particles‘ tunneling from Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger black hole is investigated. Using Jingyi Zhang‘s de Broglie wave method, we get the unthermal spectrum, and the result is consistent with the underlying unitary theory.     

General radiation via tunneling in Kerr and Kerr-Newman black holes

Hawking radiation can be viewed as a process of quantum tunneling near the black hole horizon. When a particle with angular momentum L ≠ ωa tunnels across the event horizon of Kerr or Kerr-Newman black hole, the angular momentum per unit mass a should be changed. The emission rate of the massless particles under this general case is calculated, and the result is consistent with an underlying unitary theory. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10773002) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2003CB716302)     

Quantum Tunneling of Massive Particles from a Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger Dilatonic Black Hole

Hawking radiation is viewed as a process of quantum tunneling. The massive particles＇ tunneling from Garfinkle-I-Iorowitz-Strominger black hole is investigated. Using Jingyi Zhang＇s de Broglie wave method, we get the unthermal spectrum, and the result is consistent with the underlying unitary theory.     

Back-reaction of the Kerr black hole. A thermodynamical approach

A thermodynamical approach is used to solve the back-reaction problem of the Kerr black hole; the dressed mass, the dressed angular momentum, and the dressed entropy are calculated.     

From Schwarzschild to Kerr due to Black Hole Quantum Tunnelling

Hawking radiation can be viewed as a process of quantum tunnelling near black hole horizon. When a particle with angular momentum tunnels across the event horizon of Schwarzschild black hole, the black hole will change into a Kerr black hole. The emission rate of the massless particles with angular momentum is calculated, and the result is consistent with an underlying unitary theory.     

Hawking Radiation from a Spherically Symmetric Static Black Hole

The massive particles’ Hawking radiation from a spherically symmetric static black hole is investigated with Parikh-Wilczek method, Hamilton–Jacobi method and Damour–Ruffini’s method. When energy conservation is considered, the same result can be concluded that the radiation spectrum is not precisely thermal. The corrected spectrum is consistent to the underlying unitary quantum theory, which can be used to explain the information loss paradox possibly.      

包围有暗能量黑洞的Hawking辐射修正

运用由Banerjee和Majhi所发展的非半经典近似的Hamiliton-Jacobi方法,计算了被暗能量包围的黑洞温度和熵,得到了修正后的温度和熵.在修正后的熵中,面积定理包含面积对数修正和面积幂的倒数。     

缓变动态Kerr-Newman黑洞的量子热力学性质

引入局域热平衡概念,用Damour-Ruffini方法和薄膜模型研究了缓变动态Kerr-Newman黑洞的Hawking辐射和熵.得到了黑洞的Hawking温度和辐射谱公式,Hawking温度随时间和视界面上的位置而变化,辐射谱为准黑体谱;计算了黑洞熵,当取与静态球对称黑洞情况相同的截断关系时便得到了黑洞的Bekenstein-Hawking熵.结果表明,缓变动态黑洞的温度是局域量,缓变动态黑洞的熵与稳态黑洞情况一样正比于黑洞视界面面积.关键词：缓变动态黑洞Hawking辐射黑洞熵     

Hawking radiation received at infinity in higher dimensional Reissner-Nordstr?m black hole spacetimes

In this study, we investigate the Hawking radiation in higher dimensional Reissner-Nordstr?m black holes as received by an observer located at infinity. The frequency-dependent transmission rates, which deform the thermal radiation emitted in the vicinity of the black hole horizon, are evaluated numerically. In addition to those in four-dimensional spacetime, the calculations are extended to higher dimensional Reissner-Nordstr?m metrics, and the results are observed to be sensitive to the spacetime dimension to an extent. Generally, we observe that the transmission coefficient practically vanishes when the frequency of the emitted particle approaches zero. It increases with frequency and eventually saturates to a certain value. For four-dimensional spacetime, the above result is demonstrated to be mostly independent of the metric's parameter and the orbital quantum number of the particle, when the location of the event horizon, begin{document}$ r_h$end{document}, and the product of the charges of the black hole and the particle qQ are known. However, for higher-dimensional scenarios, the convergence becomes more gradual. Moreover, the difference between states with different orbital quantum numbers is observed to be more significant. As the magnitude of the product of charges qQ becomes more significant, the transmission coefficient exceeds 1. In other words, the resultant spectral flux is amplified, which results in an accelerated process of black hole evaporation. The relationship of the calculated outgoing transmission coefficient with existing results on the greybody factor is discussed.