F-theory grand unification at the colliders

We predict the exact gaugino mass relation near the electroweak scale at one loop for gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking in F-theory SU(5) and SO(10) models with UY(1) and U(1)_B−L fluxes, respectively. The gaugino mass relation introduced here differs from the typical gaugino mass relations studied thus far, and in general, should be preserved quite well at low energy. Therefore, these F-theory models can be tested at the Large Hadron Collider and future International Linear Collider. We present two typical scenarios that satisfy all the latest experimental constraints and are consistent with the CDMS II experiment. In particular, the gaugino mass relation is indeed satisfied at two-loop level with only a very small deviation around the electroweak scale.     

Chiral U(1) anomaly in D=4 super Yang-Mills theory coupled to supergravity

We evaluate the chiral U(1) anomaly in D=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory coupled to supergravity. We consider not only the minimal coupling between the gauge fields and fermions but also the interaction term which mixes the gravitino and the gaugino. We show that the mixing interaction gives new contributions to the anomaly.     

Gravitational waves as a probe of the gravitino mass

If gaugino condensations occur in the early universe, domain walls are produced as a result of the spontaneous breaking of a discrete R symmetry. Those domain walls eventually annihilate with one another, producing the gravitational waves. We show that the gravitational waves can be a probe for measuring the gravitino mass, if the constant term in the superpotential is the relevant source of the discrete R symmetry breaking.     

Broken supersymmetries and shifted superpropagators

Superfield Feynman rules are derived for a general case where global supersymmetry is spontaneously broken by F-terms. The complete superspace dependence of the superpropagators is factored out and they are employed to discuss the corrections to the effective action and the non-renormalisation theorems. Their coupling to external gauge superfields is also contemplated and finite matter contributions to the gaugino mass and the Fayet-Iliopoulos term are considered.     

Limits on the top quark mass within the frame of the minimal superstrings inspired model

We study the process of spontaneous R parity breaking in minimal stringy models. In these models the top quark mass is bounded from below to allow the spontaneous breaking of SU (2)_L × U (1)_Y. On the other hand the requirement of stability for the neutral potential which is sufficient to avoid R parity breaking, gives us an upper bound. Allowed values for the top quark mass remain between 70 and 95 GeV, if supersymmetry breaking is triggered by gaugino masses.     

Supersymmetry breaking and soft terms in M-theory

We investigate gaugino condensation in the framework of the strongly coupled heterotic E₈×E₈ string (M-theory). Supersymmetry is broken in a hidden sector and gravitational interactions induce soft breaking parameters in the observable sector. The resulting soft masses are of order of the gravitino mass. The situation is similar to that in the weakly coupled E₈×E₈ theory with one important difference: we avoid the problem of small gaugino masses which are now comparable to the gravitino mass.     

Direct gaugino mediation

We describe renormalizable supersymmetric four-dimensional theories which lead to gaugino mediation and various generalizations thereof. Even though these models are strongly coupled, we can demonstrate the parametric suppression of soft scalar masses via Seiberg duality. We show that our models have a parameter which continuously interpolates between suppressed soft scalar masses and their conventional gauge mediated contribution. The main physical effect which we utilize is the general relation between massive deformations in one frame and the Higgs mechanism in the dual frame. Some compelling and relatively unexplored phenomenological scenarios arise naturally in this framework. We offer preliminary comments on various aspects of the phenomenology and outline several of the outstanding open problems.     

Radiative gauge symmetry breaking in supersymmetric flipped SU(5)

The radiative breaking of the SU(5)×U(1) symmetry in the flipped SU(5) model recently proposed by Antoniadis et al. is studied using renormalization group techniques. It is shown that gaugino masses can only be the dominant source of supersymmetry breaking at the Planck scale if the U(1) gaugino mass M₁ is at least 10 times larger than the SU(5) gaugino mass M₅. If M₁≅M₅ at the Planck scale, non-vanishing trilinear soft breaking terms (“A-terms”) are needed already at the Planck scale. In both cases consequences for the sparticle spectrum at the weak scale are discussed.     

CP violation and extra dimensions

It is shown that new sources of CP violation can be generated in models with more than one extra dimension. In the supersymmetric models on the space-time , where the radius moduli have auxiliary vacuum expectation values and the supersymmetry breaking is mediated by the Kaluza–Klein states of the gauge supermultiplets, we analyze the gaugino masses and trilinear couplings for two scenarios and obtain the result that there exist relative CP violating phases among the gaugino masses and trilinear couplings. Received: 10 October 2001 / Published online: 20 December 2001     

On supersymmetry breaking in superstrings

We prove that the existence of a slightly massive or gravitino or gaugino in a class of gaussian string compactifications, implies the existence of an entire tower of such states below M_Planck, signaling the approach to a limit of decompactification.     

Phenomenology of non-universal gaugino masses and implications for the Higgs boson decay

Grand unified theories (GUTs) can lead to non-universal gaugino masses at the unification scale. We study the implications of such non-universal gaugino masses for the composition of the lightest neutralino in supersymmetric (SUSY) theories based on SU(5) gauge group. We also consider the phenomenological implications of non-universal gaugino masses for the phenomenology of Higgs bosons in the context of large hadron collider.      

Mechanisms of supersymmetry breaking in the minimal supersymmetric standard model

We provide a bird’s eyeview of current ideas on supersymmetry breaking mechanisms in the MSSM. The essentials of gauge, gravity, anomaly and gaugino/higgsino mediation mechanisms are covered briefly and the phenomenology of the associated models is touched upon. A few statement are also made on braneworld supersymmetry breaking.     

LHC (CMS) discovery potential for models with effective supersymmetry and nonuniversal gaugino masses

We investigate squark and gluino pair production at LHC (CMS) with subsequent decays into quarks, leptons, and the lightest supersymmetric particles (LSP) in models with effective supersymmetry, where the third generation of squarks is relatively light, whilst the first two generations of squarks are heavy. We consider the general case of nonuniversal gaugino masses. The visibility of a signal through an excess over Standard Model background in (n≥2) jets+(m≥0) leptons+E _T ^miss events depends rather strongly on the relation between the LSP, second-neutralino, gluino, and squark masses and decreases with increasing LSP mass. We find that, for a relatively heavy gluino, it is very difficult to detect a SUSY signal even for light third-generation squarks $(m_{\tilde q_3 } \leqslant 1TeV)$ if the LSP mass is close to the third-generation squark mass.     

Muon anomalous magnetic moment in the supersymmetric economical 3-3-1 model

We investigate the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the context of a supersymmetric version of the economical 3-3-1 model. We compute the 1-loop contribution of superpartner particles. We show that the contribution of superparticle loops become significant when tanγ is large. We investigate the cases of both small and large values of tanγ. We find the region of the parameter space where the slepton masses of a few hundred GeV are favored by the muon g–2 for small tanγ (tanγ ≈ 5). Numerical estimation gives the mass of supersymmetric particles, the mass of gauginos m _G ≈ 700 GeV, and the light slepton mass \(m_{\tilde L} \) of the order of O (100) GeV. When tanγ is large (tanγ ≈ 60), the charged slepton mass \(m_{\tilde L} \) and the gaugino mass m _G are O(1) TeV, while the sneutrino mass ≈450 GeV is in the reach of the LHC.     

Grand unification with local supersymmetry

We study general conditions for obtaining spontaneous breaking of local supersymmetry in N = 1 supergravity coupled to supersymmetric matter. We consider in particular the coupling of N = 1 supergravity to grand unified theories like SU(5) and study the conditions which must be met in order to obtain a realistic model. Specific models are built in which local supersymmetry is broken at a scale √M_Wm_p ～ 10¹⁰ GeV. This breaking of supersymmetry is only detected at low energies through soft terms breaking explicitly the global supersymmetry. These soft terms (scalar masses, gaugino masses and trilinear scalar couplings) are renormalized at low energies according to the renormalization group. The (mass)² of the Higgs doublet evolve towards negative values at low energies giving rise to SU(2) × U(1) breaking as a radiative effect of local supersymmetry breaking. We finally point out the possible relevance of non-renormalizable superpotentials for the problem of fermion masses.     

Soft-breaking correction to hard supersymmetric relations QCD correction to squark decay

Supersymmetric relations between dimensionless couplings receive finite correction at one-loop when supersymmetry is broken softly. We calculate theO (α _s) correction to the squark decay width to a quark and an electroweak gaugino, which is found to be nonvanishing. Logarithmic correction appears when the gluino is heavy.     

Radiative corrections in compactified superstring models

One-loop corrections to the effective potential in models obtained from compactification of ten-dimensional superstring theories are calculated. It is found that no masses are generated for gauge non-singlet scalars even in the presence of supersymmetry breaking terms induced by gauge and gaugino condensation, but that the gravitino mass is determined at one loop. The scales of grand unification, supersymmetry breaking and condensation are fixed by the gauge singlet scalars and are found to be close to Planck scale. Requiring M_GUT<M_Planck restricts the other parameters of the theory. The one-loop effective potential at scales between the condensate and compactification scales is also discussed, with possible implications for the allowed particle content of the effective theory.     

Low scale direct gauge mediation with perturbatively stable vacuum

In a class of direct gauge mediation with a perturbatively stable SUSY breaking vacuum, gaugino masses vanish at the leading order of SUSY breaking F-term. We study the allowed parameter space of the gauge mediation models. By imposing a Tevatron bound on the lightest chargino mass \( {m_{\tilde \chi_1^\pm }} \gtrsim 270\;{\text{eV}} \) and a warm dark-matter mass bound on the light gravitino mass m _3/2 ? 16 eV, we find that almost all the parameter space is excluded. Near future experiments may completely exclude, or possibly discover, the scenario.     

SUSY CP problem in gauge mediation model

SUSY CP problem in the gauge mediation supersymmetry breaking model is reconsidered. We pay particular attention to two sources of CP violating phases whose effects were not seriously studied before; one is the effect of the breaking of the GUT relation among the gaugino masses due to the field responsible for the GUT symmetry breaking, and the other is the supergravity effect on the supersymmetry breaking parameters, in particular, on the bi-linear supersymmetry breaking Higgs mass term. We show that both of them can induce too large electric dipole moments of electron, neutron, and so on, to be consistent with the experimental bounds.     

Gauge coupling flux thresholds, exotic matter and the unification scale in F-SU(5) GUT

We explore the gauge coupling relations and the unification scale in F-theory SU(5) GUT broken down to the Standard Model by an internal U(1) _Y gauge flux. We consider variants with exotic matter representations which may appear in these constructions and investigate their rôle in the effective field theory model. We make a detailed investigation on the conditions imposed on the extraneous matter to raise the unification scale and make the color triplets heavy in order to avoid fast proton decay. We also discuss in brief the implications on the gaugino masses.