An in-plane insensitive multiaperture speckle shear interferometer for slope measurement

A modified two-aperture speckle shear interferometer that eliminates the contribution of the in-plane component and its derivative to the phase change, and yields a fringe pattern corresponding to the first-order partial derivatives of the out-of-plane displacement component, is reported in this note. In this method, two laterally sheared object points are viewed axially. The wave fields from these points are independently combined at the image plane of the imaging system.     

Evaluation of the piezoelectric behaviour produced by a thick-film transducer using digital speckle pattern interferometry

This paper presents an interferometric measurement of the out-of-plane deflections produced by a piezoelectric transducer, manufactured by thick-film deposition of a ceramic paste over an alumina substrate, when is subjected to a DC electric voltage. It is shown that a digital speckle pattern interferometer with an incorporated phase-shifting facility allows the measurement of nanometer displacements generated by the piezoelectric device. These measurements are used to evaluate the effective piezoelectric charge constant along the polarization direction (d₃₃)_eff that characterizes the thick-film transducer.     

One-wavelength in-plane rotation analysis in electronic speckle pattern interferometry

The analysis of in-plane rigid-body rotations requires phase-shifting methods to determine the direction of rotation in conventional electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). The phase-shifting procedure makes the real-time measurements impossible. A quasi-real-time method is published recently, where the usual symmetric illumination is combined with a wavelength change before the second exposure. The present paper proposes a device sparing an alternative to this. The symmetric illumination is retained but the wavelength change is replaced by simple illumination direction changes.     

Polarizing interferometer with constant radial and azimuthal shears

An interferometer is described in which a rotatable Wollaston prism is used to achieve constant radial and azimuthal shears in a converging beam. These displacements may have applications in speckle shearing interferometry for the deformation measurement of objects with axial symmetry.     

The separation of out-of-plane displacement from in-plane components by fringe carrier method based on large image-shearing ESPI

A fringe carrier method for separating out-of-plane displacement from in-plane components based on large image-shearing electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) is presented. If the test object is respectively illuminated by two expanded symmetric illuminations in large image-shearing ESPI, two interferometers are formed. Carrier fringe patterns can be introduced by tilting reference surface a small angle. The carrier fringe patterns are demodulated after deformation of the object. Two phase maps, which include out-of-plane and in-plane displacement, can be obtained by using Fourier transform. Then out-of-plane displacement can be easily separated from in-plane displacement by simple operation between two unwrapped phase distributions. The principle of spatial carrier frequency modulation in large image-shearing ESPI is discussed. A typical three-point-bending experiment is completed. Experimental results are offered. The results show that the method offers high visibility of carrier fringes. And the system presented does not need a special beam as a reference light and has simple optical setup.     

A review on refractive index and temperature profile measurements using laser-based interferometric techniques

In this review we have discussed laser-based interferometric techniques for measurement of refractive index, temperature and temperature profile of burners with special emphasis on laser speckle techniques and Talbot interferometric technique.     

Study on the measurement of in-plane displacement of solid surfaces by laser Doppler velocimetry

Theoretical analysis and experiments prove that there is a random phase error in the measurement of the in-plane displacement of solid surfaces by laser Doppler velocimetry. This error will impede the accuracy of the measurement from being further improved to, for example, the region of several fractions of one order. In addition, the reason for the random signal dropout in the measurement is also studied and a method of extending the range in which the signal is maintained continuous is also given.     

一种用于动态过程测量的实时偏振相移方法

利用一种特殊的相位龙基光栅和偏振相移技术,可同时获得四幅具有不同相移的干涉图,由此可计算出被测物体的全场相位分布,从而实现对支态过程相位的测量。将该方法应用于马赫－曾德尔干涉系统的散斑干涉系统,分别测量了液体的折射率变化和固体的离面位移,给出了实验结果。     

A simple high-sensitivity interferometric position sensor for test mass control on an advanced LIGO interferometer

A small Michelson interferometer has been configured as a tracking mirror displacement sensor in order to achieve both large dynamic range (2.1 mm) and excellent sensitivity across a broad frequency range (6Hz–3 kHz). The interferometer is illuminated by a simple LED, uses broadband, non-polarising beamsplitters and contains no lensing optics. A DC-coupled balanced detector provides an error signal that is used to position the tracking mirror of the Michelson interferometer so as to maintain an interferometer operating position close to the centre of a particular fringe. The total interferometric sensor provides a small, simple and cost-effective means of achieving high-resolution displacement measurements.     

An ultrasonic transducer transient compensator design based on a simplified Variable Structure Control algorithm

A non-linear control method, known as Variable Structure Control (VSC), is employed to reduce the duration of ultrasonic (US) transducer transients. A physically realizable system using a simplified form of the VSC algorithm is proposed for standard piezoelectric transducers and simulated. Results indicate a VSC-controlled transmitter reduces the transient duration to less than a carrier wave cycle. Applications include high capacity ultrasound communication and localization systems.     

A neutron diffractometer with a linear position sensitive detector

A powder diffractometer with a linear position sensitive detector (PSD) has been designed and fabricated at BARC. The system is in operation at Dhruva reactor. The PSD has been tested for the position linearity and the uniformity of efficiency. The resolution Δd/d of the diffractometer has been found to be 1·3%. The data can be analyzed using profile refinement technique.     

Signal processing scheme for central position identification in a white-light interferometric system with a dual wavelength source

A signal processing scheme using a curve fitting algorithm to determine the central position of the digitized fringe pattern output of a white light interferometric (WLI) system is discussed. An analytic result for the resolution obtained in the central fringe position measurement using a specific curve fitting scheme has been given and a simulation of the measurement of the central position of a computer generated fringe pattern has been carried out. The results from the simulation show good agreement with those from the theoretical analysis. A supporting experiment to investigate this effect has also been carried out and the short term repeatability of the central position measurement using the curve fitting scheme gives close agreement with the theoretical results.     

一种使用线阵型CCD实现高精度二维位置测量的方法

介绍了一种使用ＣＣＤ测量位置的方法。与其它ＣＣＤ位置测量系统不同，通过设计一个特殊的光学系统，实现了使用两个线阵型ＣＣＤ进行高精度二维位置坐标测量。文中对该光学系统进行了误差分析，证实该方法具有很高的测量精度。该二维位置测量方法具有一些突出的优点：系统响应速度快，可以对动态目标进行测量；测量精度高；制造成本低。上述特点使它在工业制造领域内有着广阔的应用前景。     

Design and simulation of a beam position monitor for the high current proton linac

In this paper, the 2-D electrostatic field software, POISSON, is used to calculate the characteristic impedance of a BPM (beam position monitor) for a high current proton linac. Furthermore, the time-domain 3-D module of MAFIA with a beam microbunch at a varying offset from the axis is used to compute the induced voltage on the electrodes as a function of time. Finally, the effect of low 13 beams on the induced voltage, the sensitivity and the signal dynamic range of the BPM are discussed.     

RF measurements of a C-band cavity beam position monitor

RF cold test of a novel C-band cavity beam position monitor (PBM) to be used in the SDUV-FEL Test Facility is described. The test results are presented and some characteristics discussed. The main parameters obtained are in reasonable agreement with the analytical estimations. Effective suppression of the common mode has been demonstrated. The position sensitivity over the test region of ±0.5 mm is about －21.58 dB/10 μm for the TM₁₁₀ mode and is linear in the central region of the BPM cavity.     

Design and simulation of a beam position monitor for the high current proton linac

In this paper, the 2-D electrostatic field software, POISSON, is used to calculate the characteristic impedance of a BPM （beam position monitor） for a high current proton linac. Furthermore, the time-domain 3-D module of MAFIA with a beam microbunch at a varying offset from the axis is used to compute the induced voltage on the electrodes as a function of time. Finally, the effect of low β beams on the induced voltage, the sensitivity and the signal dynamic range of the BPM are discussed.     

一种抑制合成孔径雷达图像相干斑的各向异性扩散滤波方法

本文提出了一种抑制合成孔径雷达图像乘性相干斑噪声的各向异性扩散滤波新方法.该方法将受自适应耦合函数控制的平均曲率运动嵌入到传统相干斑抑制的各向异性扩散方程中,形成了一种可有效抑制边缘区域相干斑与同质区块效应现象的各向异性扩散新方程,同时在新建的扩散方程中,引入了由改进Frost滤波与局部方向比率联合构建的一种带方向约束的新扩散函数,进一步削弱了块效应现象且明显改善了抑斑图像的边缘抖动扭曲问题.实验结果表明该方法在有效保护图像边缘的同时,能充分平滑同质区与边缘区域的相干斑,明显削弱块效应现象,有效改善抑斑图像边缘抖动扭曲问题,而抑斑图像无论视觉效果还是参数指标均比多种传统抑斑方法更具优势.     

合肥光源交错刀片型光位置检测器的研制

为了减小同步光尺寸对同步光位置检测器灵敏度的影响,合肥光源新研制了一种交错刀片型光位置检测器,并使用成熟的商业化产品Libera Photon进行后续的数据处理和输出。基于传统计算光位置信号的差比和方法,提出了比值和对数比两种新的计算方法,理论模拟了3种计算方法下交错刀片型光位置检测器的性能。在线标定结果与理论计算结果相符,并在机器研究光束线进行了初步的应用研究。     

Influence of fluorescent dye on the linear polarization direction of stimulated Raman Stokes scattering in liquid‐core optical fibers

We present a simple analytical model to describe the stimulated Raman Stokes scattering (SRS) linear polarization spectroscopy of fluorescent dye solutions in liquid‐core optical fibers (LCOFs). In this scheme, the linear polarization direction of the pump pulse is set parallel to the y‐axis through a straight polarization‐maintaining LCOF, in which the energy of the total optical field is kept invariant, and different fluorescence dyes are used to generate different first‐order Stokes intensities. We demonstrate the SRS of all‐trans‐β‐carotene and fluorescein in carbon disulfide (CS₂) solutions due to the optical field‐induced reorientation effect, which makes the first‐order Stokes polarization direction rotate by an angle of 88° or 61°, respectively. This demonstrates the good agreement between the theory presented and the experiment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.