Semiconductor behavior of a metal-organic framework (MOF)

Upon light excitation MOF-5 behaves as a semiconductor and undergoes charge separation (electrons and holes) decaying in the microsecond time scale. The actual conduction band energy value was estimated to be 0.2 V versus NHE with a band gap of 3.4 eV. Photoinduced electron transfer processes to viologen generates the corresponding viologen radical cation, while holes of MOF-5 oxidizes N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. One application investigated for MOF-5 as a semiconductor has been the shape-selective photocatalyzed degradation of phenol in aqueous solutions.     

The first metal-organic framework (MOF) of Imazethapyr and its SHG, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties

Hydrothermal reaction of H-Imazethapyr (2-(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) with Cd(ClO4)2.6H2O offers a diamond-like MOF Cd(Imazethapyr)2 in which it crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric space group (Fdd2) belonging to polar point group (C2v). MOF displays a strong SHG response, and good ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties.     

Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of a new eight-connected metal-organic framework (MOF) based on Co4 clusters

A hydrothermal reaction of cobalt nitrate, 4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid) (OBA), 1,2,4-triazole, and NaOH gave rise to a deep purple colored compound [Co(4)(triazolate)(2)(OBA)(3)], I, possessing Co(4) clusters. The Co(4) clusters are connected together through the tirazolate moieties forming a two-dimensional layer that closely resembles the TiS(2) layer. The layers are pillared by the OBA units forming the three-dimensional structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of a pillared TiS(2) layer in a metal-organic framework compound. Magnetic studies in the temperature range 1.8-300 K indicate strong antiferromagetic interactions for Co(4) clusters. The structure as well as the magnetic behavior of the present compound has been compared with the previously reported related compound [Co(2)(μ(3)-OH)(μ(2)-H(2)O)(pyrazine)(OBA)(OBAH)] prepared using pyrazine as the linker between the Co(4) clusters.     

Reversible transformation of ZnII coordination geometry in a single crystal of porous metal-organic framework [Zn3(ntb)2(EtOH)2].4 EtOH

A 3D porous metal-organic framework [Zn3(ntb)2(EtOH)2]n.4nEtOH (1) that generates 1D channels of honeycomb aperture has been prepared by the solvothermal reaction of Zn(NO3)(2).6 H2O and 4,4',4'-nitrilotrisbenzoic acid (H3NTB) in EtOH at 110 degrees C. Framework 1 exhibits reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations upon removal and rebinding of the coordinating EtOH as well as the EtOH guest molecules, which give rise to desolvated crystal [Zn3(ntb)2]n (1') and resolvated crystal [Zn3(ntb)2-(EtOH)2]n.4nEtOH (1'). The X-ray structures indicate that 3D host framework is retained during the transformations from 1 to 1' and from 1' to 1', but the coordination geometry of ZnII ions changes from/to trigonal bipyramid to/from tetrahedron, concomitant with the rotational rearrangement of a carboxylate plane of the NTB3- relative to its associated phenyl ring. To retain the single crystal integrity, extensive cooperative motions must exist between the molecular components throughout the crystal. Framework 1' exhibits permanent porosity, thermal stability up to 400 degrees C, and blue luminescence, and high storage capabilities for N2, H2, CO2, and CH4.     

Dipolar molecular rotors in the metal-organic framework crystal IRMOF-2

Rotating polar linker groups in the cubic metal-organic framework single crystal known as IRMOF-2 were investigated for freedom of motion, response to an external electric field, and effects of dipole-dipole interactions. The crystals consist of octahedrally coordinated zinc oxide clusters linked by the bromoterephthalate group, which contains a rotatable bromo-p-phenylene moiety. We confirmed the rotation by dielectric spectroscopy and found a 7.3 kcal mol(-1) barrier. The non-polar analog, IRMOF-1, containing terephthalic acid, was used as a control system. DFT and MP2 computations of the rotational barrier yield results in agreement with the observation, with B3LYP/SDD being the best. A Monte Carlo analysis of the equilibrium polarization fluctuations was used to assess the possibility of polar ordering and the potential for electro-optic applications.     

Multifunctionality and crystal dynamics of a highly stable, porous metal-organic framework [Zn4O(NTB)2

A porous metal-organic framework [Zn(4)O(NTB)(2)].3DEF.EtOH (1), in which (3,6)-connected nets are doubly interpenetrated to generate curved three-dimensional channels, has been prepared. Framework 1 exhibits high permanent porosity (Langmuir surface area, 1121 m(2)/g; pore volume, 0.51 cm(3)/cm(3)), high thermal stability (up to 430 degrees C), high hydrogen adsorption capacity (1.9 wt % at 77 K and 1 atm), selective organic guest binding ability (K(f)()( )(): MeOH > pyridine > benzene > dodecane), and guest-dependent blue luminescence (lambda(max) depending on guest identity). Most interestingly, the framework sustains single crystallinity even at 400 degrees C and 10(-)(5) Torr, and the framework components undergo reversible dynamics, mainly rotational motion, in response to removal and rebinding of the guest molecules.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of a luminescent metal-organic framework based on 4,7-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole

Russian Chemical Bulletin - A three-dimensional coordination polymer was synthesized by the reaction of zinc(ii) nitrate with 4,7-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole and...     

Effects of varying water adsorption on a Cu3(BTC)2 metal-organic framework (MOF) as studied by 1H and 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy

The process of water adsorption on a dehydrated Cu(3)(BTC)(2) (copper (II) benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylate) metal-organic framework (MOF) was studied with (1)H and (13)C solid-state NMR. Different relative amounts of water (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, and 5 mole equivalents with respect to copper) were adsorbed via the gas phase. (1)H and (13)C MAS NMR spectra of dehydrated and water-loaded Cu(3)(BTC)(2) samples gave evidence on the structural changes due to water adsorption within the MOF material as well as information on water dynamics. The analysis of (1)H spinning sideband intensities reveals differences in the (1)H-(63/65)Cu hyperfine coupling between dehydrated and water-loaded samples. The investigation was continued for 60 days to follow the stability of the Cu(3)(BTC)(2) network under humid conditions. NMR data reveal that Cu(3)(BTC)(2) decomposes quite fast with the decomposition being different for different water contents.     

A highly porous metal-organic framework: structural transformations of a guest-free MOF depending on activation method and temperature

A doubly interpenetrating porous metal–organic framework ( SNU‐77 ) has been synthesized from the solvothermal reaction of the extended carboxylic acid tris(4′‐carboxybiphenyl)amine (H₃TCBPA) and Zn(NO₃)₂ ? 6H₂O in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA). SNU‐77 undergoes single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformations during various activation processes, such as room‐temperature evacuation, supercritical CO₂ drying, and high temperature evacuation, to afford SNU‐77R , SNU‐77S , and SNU‐77H , respectively. These guest‐free MOFs exhibited different fine structures with different window shapes and different effective window sizes at room temperature. Variable‐temperature synchrotron single‐crystal X‐ray analyses reveal that the guest‐free structure is also affected by changes in temperature. Despite the different fine structures, SNU‐77R , SNU‐77S , and SNU‐77H show similar gas sorption properties due to the nonbreathing nature of the framework and an additional structural change upon cooling to cryogenic gas sorption temperature. SNU‐77H exhibits a large surface area (BET, 3670 m² g^?1), a large pore volume (1.52 cm³ g^?1), and exceptionally high uptake capacities for N₂, H₂, O₂, CO₂, and CH₄ gases.     

A designed metal-organic framework based on a metal-organic polyhedron

A C(3) symmetric ligand with three 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate units has been used to construct a metal-organic framework with a (3,24)-connected network topology, where the nanometre-sized metal-organic cuboctahedra (MOCs) have been incorporated solely into a cubic close packing (CCP) arrangement, which led to superoctahedral and supertetrahedral cavities.     

Novel electrorheological properties of a metal-organic framework Cu3(BTC)2

A metal-organic framework, Cu(3)(BTC)(2), was synthesized and applied as an electro-responsive electrorheological material dispersed in insulating oil. Powder of crystalline Cu(3)(BTC)(2) exhibited excellent chain-like structures and controllable rheological properties in an applied electric field.     

Multicomponent self-assembly of a nested co(24) @co(48) metal-organic polyhedral framework

A tale of two polyhedra: Two nested Archimedean metal-organic polyhedra, a rhombicuboctahedron (Co(48) cage) and a cuboctahedron (Co(24) cage), have been assembled from two types of cobalt dimers and two complementary ligands. Within the 3D covalent cubic array of outer Co(48) cages and framework lie encapsulated inner Co(24) cages that are linked into a separate "hidden" 3D framework.     

Rational design and crystal structure determination of a 3-D metal-organic jungle-gym-like open framework

A new three-dimensional (3-D) jungle-gym-like open metal-organic framework has been synthesized from a two-dimensional (2-D) layer compound using a heterogeneous pillar insertion reaction. Both the starting 2-D layer and the resulting 3-D open compounds have been characterized using X-ray crystallography.     

Preconcentration of mercury(II) using a thiol-functionalized metal-organic framework nanocomposite as a sorbent

A novel type of porous metal-organic framework (MOF) was obtained from thiol-modified silica nanoparticles and the copper(II) complex of trimesic acid. It is shown that this nanocomposite is well suitable for the preconcentration of Hg(II) ions. The nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of pH value, sorption time, elution time, the volume and concentration of eluent were investigated. Equilibrium isotherms were studied, and four models were applied to analyze the equilibrium adsorption data. The results revealed that the adsorption process obeyed the Langmuir model. The maximum monolayer capacity and the Langmuir constant are 210 mg g^?1 and 0.273 L mg^?1, respectively. The new MOF-based nanocomposite is shown to be an efficient and selective sorbent for Hg(II). Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection is 20 pg mL^?1 of Hg(II), and the relative standard deviation is <7.2 % (for n?=?3). The sorbent was successfully applied to the rapid extraction of Hg(II) ions from fish, sediment, and water samples.

Synthesis, structure and properties of a two-dimensional iron(II) metal-organic framework

Reaction of FeSO₄·7H₂O with 5-(isonicotinamido)isophthalic acid (H₂INAIP) in the presence of NaOH results in the formation of a two-dimensional network [Fe(INAIP)(H₂O)]_n·2nH₂O. In the complex, each INAIP^2? ligand links three Fe(II) atoms to give a double-chain structure using its two carboxylate groups in ?? ₁?C?? ¹:?? ¹ and ?? ₂?C?? ¹:?? ¹ coordination modes. The chains are interlinked to form a layer structure through Fe?CN interactions, which it is extended to a three-dimensional supramolecular structure by H-bonding interactions. The thermal and magnetic properties of the complex were investigated, and antiferromagnetic interactions were observed. Moreover, the adsorption behavior shows that the title complex has obviously selective adsorption of CO₂ over N₂ after the removal of the solvent molecules within the pores.     

Reversible luminescence switch in a photochromic metal-organic framework

Eu(III) ions have been introduced into a photoactive viologen system to yield a polyrotaxane-like metal-organic framework, which exhibits reversible photochromism and luminescence modulation with a non-destructive readout capability in the solid state.     

Negative linear compressibility of a metal-organic framework

A 3D hybrid zinc formate framework, [NH(4)][Zn(HCOO)(3)], possessing an acs topology, shows a high degree of mechanical anisotropy and negative linear compressibility (NLC) along its c axis. High-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and density functional theory calculations indicate that contraction of the Zn-O bonds and tilting of the formate ligands with increasing pressure induce changes in structure that result in shrinkage of the a and b axes and the NLC effect along c.