超短脉冲倍频中三阶非线性效应的影响及补偿

 为了提高超短脉冲二倍频的转换效率和改善出射倍频光的脉冲形状,对超短脉冲倍频中三阶非线性效应的影响进行了理论分析和数值模拟,并采用初始相位失配的方法来补偿三阶非线性效应的影响。结果表明：用KDP晶体二倍频中心波长为800 nm的超短脉冲,当入射功率密度大于100 GW/cm²时,三阶非线性效应是倍频转换效率的主要影响因素。对脉宽为50 fs,入射功率密度为250 GW/cm²的超短脉冲在KDP晶体（2 mm）中的二次谐波变换,当初始相位失谐0.9 mrad时,转换效率提高了10%,同时由三阶非线性效应引起的强度调制得到明显抑制,出射基频光和倍频光的脉冲形状得到明显改善。     

超短脉冲在单块晶体中的三次谐波理论模拟

讨论了群速度失配、自相位调制和交叉相位调制、晶体厚度、基波的频率啁啾等因素对超短脉冲单块晶体的三次谐波转换效率、三倍频光脉冲形状以及频谱的影响.结果表明：群速度延迟使三倍频光脉冲展宽；自相位调制和交叉相位调制会降低转换效率,并使三倍频光脉冲形状发生畸变；晶体厚度对三倍频光脉冲频谱展宽有着较大的影响；合适的基频光频率啁啾可以减小三倍频光脉冲的畸变,并有效地提高三倍频转换效率.     

非线性光学 位相共轭、自聚焦等相关效应

O437 2006032122超短脉冲倍频中三阶非线性效应的影响及补偿=Compen-sation for effect of third-order nonlinearity on second har-monic generation of ultrashort pulses[刊,中]/韩伟(中物院激光聚变研究中心.四川,绵阳(621900)) ,郑万国…∥强激光与粒子束.—2005 ,17(12) .—1803-1806为了提高超短脉冲二倍频的转换效率和改善出射倍频光的脉冲形状,对超短脉冲倍频中三阶非线性效应的影响进行了理论分析和数值模拟,并采用初始相位失配的方法来补偿三阶非线性效应的影响。结果表明,用KDP晶体二倍频中心波长为800 nm的超短脉冲,当入射…     

基频倍频光群速度对超短脉冲三倍频的影响分析

在超短脉冲的谐波转换过程中, 由于不同波包之间的群速度失配的存在, 非线性晶体的有效厚度、转换效率及带宽等将相互制约, 不能获得理想结果。基于耦合波方程, 在平面波和小信号近似条件下推导出了关于基频、倍频光群速度关系的解析表达式。通过对200 fs超短脉冲在II类KDP晶体中的混频过程的模拟分析, 发现在满足相位匹配的前提下, 三次谐波转换效率随着基频、倍频光群速度倒数的差值的平方呈现出指数衰减的关系, 与理论结果吻合。得出的关于基频光、倍频光群速度的表达式, 作为三倍频群速度匹配关系式的必要补充, 对寻找合适的色散晶体和选择有效的匹配措施, 实现宽带三次谐波转换具有理论指导意义。     

三阶非线性效应对三次谐波振荡转换的影响

使用快速傅里叶变换和四阶龙格-库塔法,对KDP晶体内以Ⅰ／Ⅱ类角度失谐设置方式的高强度激光三次谐波振荡转换进行了研究,考虑了谐波转换过程中的三阶非线性x^[3]、衍射、离散等效应,并着重研究了KDP晶体的三阶非线性效应对高强度激光三次谐波转换的影响。研究表明,三阶非线性效应降低了三次谐波振荡转换效率,增大了相位扰动对3ω光束的强度调制,然而通过增加二倍频的失谐角△θ8,可以避免三阶非线性效应对三次谐波振荡转换带来的不利影响。     

逆向注入波长转换方式对转换光脉冲畸变的改善

数值模拟分析了在周期域反转结构的铌酸锂光波导中的脉冲抽运波长转换过程,通过对转换过程中光脉冲波形的演化分析,讨论了抽运光和信号光同向和逆向两种注入方式对转换光脉冲波形的影响.研究结果表明在同向注入方式下由于倍频与差频效应是同时进行的,群速度失配导致的走离效应使倍频光脉冲在波导内不断展宽,遗传给差频转换时,使转换光脉冲发生了波形畸变;为防止转换脉冲发生畸变,提出了采用单片光波导用抽运光和信号光逆向注入的方式,将倍频与差频效应分开来,二次非线性效应不再同时进行,从而改善了转换光脉冲的波形畸变,同时提高了转换效率.     

Ba1-xB2-y-zO4SixAlyGaz晶体和频可调谐深紫外飞秒激光器

介绍了一种基于新型非线性晶体Ba_1-xB_2-y-zO₄Si_xAl_yGa_z 的可调谐深紫外飞秒激光光源. 从理论上分析了基频光和倍频光在通过非线性晶体时所造成的空间走离和群速度失配, 为了补偿空间走离以及波长调谐过程中晶体折射造成的光束偏离现象, 将两块相同的倍频晶体成镜像放置来产生二次谐波. 并调节延迟线的长度来补偿基频光和倍频光之间的群速度失配, 从而提高和频转换效率. 然后通过和频方式进行三倍频和四倍频来突破晶体相位匹配条件的限制, 产生了波长低于200 nm的深紫外飞秒激光. 利用钛宝石激光器提供基频光光源, 最终在250–300 nm, 192.5–210 nm 范围内获得了高重频、可调谐超短脉冲紫外和深紫外激光. 并在基频光波长为800 nm时, 得到的二倍频、三倍频和四倍频的功率分别为1.28 W, 194 mW和5.8 mW, 相对于前一级的转换效率依次为46.14%, 15.16%和3%. 采用互相关法测量得到266.7 nm紫外激光的脉冲宽度约为640.4 fs.     

二倍频晶体温升分布对输出光场分布的影响

 利用分步快速傅里叶变换和四阶龙格-库塔法,对具有一定温升分布的倍频晶体的二次谐波转换过程进行了研究。综合考虑了谐波转换过程中的离散、衍射、二阶、三阶非线性等效应,着重讨论了倍频晶体吸收光能后,晶体内温升分布对晶体内o光和e光的折射率分布的影响,定量分析了温度分布引起的相位失配量、输出光场分布、二次谐波转换效率随倍频晶体温度分布变化的规律。结果表明:在高功率倍频系统中,倍频晶体温升分布引起基频光、倍频光的相位失配,相位失配导致输出光场光强分布的变化以及谐波转换效率的降低。     

超短中红外参量放大过程的时空走离特性

 计算了MgO:LiNbO₃晶体中，共线与非共线相位匹配光参量放大产生超短中红外激光脉冲过程中的相位匹配曲线、有效非线性系数以及时间和空间走离情况。结果表明，采用非共线相位匹配方式，可以实现三波间群速度匹配；在抑制了泵浦光与信号光之间的空间走离的同时加大了泵浦光与闲频光之间的空间走离，但这种影响可以忽略；同时非共线角的引入使相位匹配角增大，提高了有效非线性系数。因此，非共线角的引入在不影响空间走离的情况下，有效补偿超短中红外参量放大过程中的时间走离，有利于参量放大转换效率的提高。     

高功率超短激光脉冲信噪比的研究

 针对高功率激光系统中信噪比低的问题，基于描述超短脉冲传输的非线性薛定谔方程进行数值模拟，研究了高阶群速度色散、光谱调制及自相位调制对脉冲信噪比的影响；新建立了用于分析光栅平整度对脉冲信噪比的影响的物理模型并进行了相应的模拟，分析了光栅的质量要求或补偿精度。研究表明：对于100 fs的高斯脉冲，要保证信噪比达到10⁸，应将三阶色散量限制在4.8×10⁵ fs³以下，B积分的值应小于0.2，光谱的调制幅度应小于10^-4，光栅平整度应优于λ/100。     

非共轴三阶自相关中的倍频过程影响分析

针对非共轴三阶自相关法测试中对二倍频光束的要求,采用分步傅里叶变换方法对入射高斯光束,使用KDP晶体I类匹配的二倍频过程时间波形演变规律进行数值模拟,给出二倍频光束波形仍为高斯分布的入射基频光能量范围.不同二倍频效率下基频光与倍频光脉宽比值不同,所得的三阶自相关函数脉宽则不同,导致与脉冲形状有关的半高宽度换算因子不是固定值.分析结果对三阶自相关仪的参数设计和三阶自相关法测试中的误差分析有一定理论指导意义.     

Efficient femtosecond green-light source with a diode-pumped mode-locked Yb3+:KY(WO4)2 laser

Efficient generation of femtosecond pulses at 524 nm is demonstrated by the extracavity frequency doubling of the output of a diode-pumped femtosecond Yb3+:KY(WO4)2 laser using a periodically poled LiTaO3 crystal. An average second-harmonic power of 120 mW is produced at an internal conversion efficiency of 40%. The temporal characteristics of the frequency-doubled pulses as a function of focusing conditions in a thick nonlinear crystal are investigated experimentally, and pulses as short as 225 fs are generated at a pulse repetition frequency of 86 MHz.     

Enhanced Dispersive Waves Generation via Sinusoidally Spectral Phase-Modulated Pulses

The dispersive waves (DWs) emitted from a Gaussian pulse with an initial sinusoidally spectral phase (SSP) modulation are investigated. By tailoring the modulation depth and frequency, the SSP results in complex pulses shape with a multipulses structure ranging from Airy-like to pulse sequences having controllable delay and phase. These salient features are able to control and enhance the radiation frequency and energy conversion efficiency of the DWs. The resonant frequencies based on a modified phase-matching condition are given, which agree with the numerical results obtained by solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation directly. The results not only further extend the application of the pulse shaping technology in fiber optics, but also provide an alternative approach to manipulate the process of DWs emission which is relevant to the generation broadband supercontinuum as well as frequency comb.     

啁啾脉冲堆积的宽带整形脉冲三倍频方案分析

针对啁啾脉冲堆积方法获得的宽带整形激光脉冲,采用KDP晶体Ⅰ／Ⅱ类角度失谐的三倍频方案,定量分析了影响其三倍频转换效率的主要因素,并对三倍频前后的时间波形及频谱分布进行了比较分析。在此基础上,与时间相位调制的宽带整形脉冲三倍频的相应结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,对于啁啾脉冲堆积方法获得的宽带整形激光脉冲,在实现较高的三倍频转换效率的同时,其时间波形和频谱分布基本保持不变。对于具有相同带宽和波形的时间位相调制整形脉冲,其三倍频转换效率明显低于啁啾脉冲堆积宽带整形脉冲。     

Scaling of femtosecond Yb-doped fiber amplifiers to tens of microjoule pulse energy via nonlinear chirped pulse amplification

We demonstrate that the compensation of self-phase modulation by third-order dispersion can be exploited in the design of fiber amplifiers with tens of microjoules pulse energy. At the highest energies, the amplified pulse accumulates nonlinear phase shift as large as 17 pi. Gain-narrowing occurs in the final amplifier stage, but shorter pulses are still generated with larger nonlinear phase shifts. A large-mode-area Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier generates diffraction-limited 30 microJ pulses, which are compressed to 240 fs duration. These are converted to the second harmonic with 48% conversion efficiency, as expected theoretically, which confirms the pulse quality.     

Generation of sub-6-fs blue pulses by frequency doubling with quasi-phase-matching gratings

We demonstrate the generation of sub-6-fs pulses centered at 405 nm by frequency doubling of 8.6-fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses. The frequency doubling is carried out in a nonlinearly chirped quasi-phase-matching grating fabricated in a lithium tantalate substrate. This device simultaneously provides frequency conversion and pulse compression of the positively prechirped fundamental pulses. The second-harmonic pulses are characterized in a cross-correlation setup, and their pulse shapes are retrieved by two iterative phase-reconstruction algorithms. The generated second-harmonic spectrum spans a bandwidth of 220 THz. To our knowledge, these are the shortest pulses ever generated in the blue spectral region.     

Electro-optic transparent frequency conversion of a continuous light wave based on multistage phase modulation

Frequency conversion of a continuous light wave based on multistage phase modulation has been investigated both analytically and numerically. The proposed frequency-conversion process consists of three stages: (i) phase modulation and chirp compression to generate a pulse train, (ii) Doppler shift of the pulse center frequency in a second phase modulation, and (iii) demodulation of the pulse train. By controlling the modulation power we can select the destination frequency from an equally spaced grid separated by the modulation frequency. A conversion efficiency of approximately 40% has been numerically confirmed with respect to a destination frequency of +/- 50 channels. Carrier frequency conversion of an analog data stream is numerically demonstrated.     

单轴晶体Ⅰ类相位匹配时的转换效率分析

 在考虑了二次谐波的吸收对转换效率影响的情况下,由光在介质中的波动方程,推导出负单轴晶体Ⅰ类相位匹配时平面二次谐波的耦合波方程和二次谐波转换效率的理论公式。在此基础上,再考虑走离效应的影响,给出了二次谐波转换效率的理论公式。根据这些公式,以负单轴晶体K₂Al₂B₂O₇（KABO）为例,对二次谐波的转换效率进行了数值计算。结果表明：考虑二次谐波的吸收时,存在倍频晶体长度的最佳值,当倍频晶体取该值时,二次谐波的转换效率最高;走离效应的存在使二次谐波的转换效率降低。     

Efficient quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling with phase compensation by a wedged crystal in a standing-wave external cavity

In standing-wave enhancement cavities for frequency doubling, second-harmonic fields are generated in both directions of propagation. To add the fields coherently, one should compensate for the phase shifts introduced by dispersive elements in the cavity. We experimentally demonstrate phase compensation in a compact standing-wave frequency-doubling cavity by use of a wedged periodically poled KTP crystal. The highest conversion efficiency and second-harmonic power obtained by pumping with a 1064-nm cw Nd:YAG laser were 69.4% and 268 mW, respectively.