青霉素酰化酶在甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物上的固定化

 用共价键合法将青霉素酰化酶固定化在珠状多孔的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GM）共聚物上，研究了固定化反应时间、温度、pH值和酶液用量对固定化青霉素酰化酶的表观活性、表观偶联效率、活性回收及稳定性的影响．将GM共聚物载体加入到磷酸缓冲液（0．1mol／L，pH10．8）与青霉素酰化酶液（每克干载体用酶液1ml）的混合溶液中，在30℃下反应72h，单位质量（干重）固定化酶的表观活性为348U／g，表观偶联效率为66．7％，活性回收为31．7％．     

含环氧基亲水性固定化青霉素酰化酶共聚载体的合成与性能研究

环氧基团可以在温和条件下与酶分子的氨基反应使其固定于载体表面.选用含有活性环氧基团的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和亲水性的N-乙烯吡咯烷酮(NVP)两种单体,以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,甲醇水溶液作致孔剂,液体石蜡为主介质,通过反相悬浮聚合技术成功地合成了亲水性大孔GMA-NVP-MBAA三元共聚物载体(GNM).通过调节交联剂的用量和单体NVP与GMA的比例,可以调节载体的孔径、比表面积及在水中的溶胀性能.将巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素酰化酶共价偶联于平均孔径为16.5nm、表面环氧基含量为0.906mmol/g的GNM共聚物载体,制成固定化酰化酶,其表观活性高达625U/g,水解青霉素G钾盐的最适宜温度为50℃,pH值为8.0.固定化酶在4℃保存40d,活性保持不变.经3次使用后,活性达到稳定值(601U/g左右),再经12次使用,活性几乎保持不变.     

青霉素酰化酶在含铁MCM-41介孔分子筛上的固定化研究

制备了具有长程有序结构、孔径分布狭窄的含铁MCM-41介孔分子筛，利用直接法和共价结合法将青霉素酰化酶固定在分子筛表面。结果表明，两种方法制备的固定化酶对青霉素G水解反应的表观活性分别为782U/g和256U／g；经6次连续操作使用，二者保持初始活性的49．4％和81．2％，后者的操作稳定性好于前者。共价结合法制备的固定化酶活性较低，是由于Fe—MCM-41表面修饰后比表面积和孔径明显减小所致。     

聚丙烯酸载体用于青霉素酰化酶的固定

以反应性单体丙烯酸和交联剂二乙烯基苯,以石油醚为致孔剂,通过悬浮聚合制备固定化酶的载体,并用于对青霉素酰化酶的固定。研究了丙烯酸与二乙烯基苯以不同摩尔比对青霉素酰化酶固定活性的影响,以及悬浮聚合时水油相比例的不同所合成的载体对固定化酶性能的影响。当丙烯酸和二乙烯基苯摩尔比为84.2:4时合成的载体固定青霉素酰化酶的酶活为2784U/g,而水油相比为2.75:1（丙烯酸和二乙烯基苯摩洋比为84.2:5）时固定青霉素酰化酶活达到2183U/g。固定青霉素酰化酶可使青霉素转化,得到半合成青霉素的中间体6-氨基青霉烷酸,由此可制成高效、广谱、服用方便的新青霉素。     

含环氧基团的聚合物载体合成方法的改进及其固定化青霉素酰化酶

 以 Span-60 和 Tween-20 为复合分散剂, 以 N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂, 以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和烯丙基缩水甘油醚为功能性单体, 用反相悬浮聚合技术成功制备了含环氧基团的聚合物载体, 并用红外光谱和低温氮吸附对聚合物载体进行了表征. 以 Span-60 和 Tween-20 为复合分散剂, 替代原有的 Span-60 和硬脂酸钙复合分散剂, 大幅度减少了后处理过程中所需的时间和溶剂用量, 使固定化青霉素酰化酶的活性从 215 U/g 提高到 320 U/g. 与游离酶相比, 该固定化酶具有较好的操作稳定性, 在 pH = 5~11 和不高于 50 oC 的环境中具有较好的稳定性. 固定化酶的水解反应动力学过程与游离酶相同, 均遵循米氏反应动力学, 而且活性与底物浓度密切相关. 当底物浓度为 6.5% 时, 固定化酶的活性最高, 达到 353 U/g.     

亲水性交联聚合物载体的合成及其固定化青霉素酰化酶

选用含环氧基团的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和亲水性的N-乙烯吡咯烷酮(NVP)单体,以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,甲酰胺作致孔剂,通过反相悬浮聚合技术成功合成了一系列大孔、珠状GMA-NVP-MBAA三元共聚物载体.N-乙烯吡咯烷酮介入共聚物体系,使共聚物载体具有较强的亲水性,有利于青霉素酰化酶的固定化.通过调节交联剂的用量和单体NVP与GMA的比例,可以调节共聚物载体的孔结构与表面性能.用合成的平均孔径为15.7nm、表面环氧基含量1.11mmol·g-1亲水性珠状载体固定青霉素酰化酶,固定化酶水解青霉素G钾盐的活性达491U·g-1;在4℃保存30d,活性保持不变.经4次使用后活性达到稳定(444U·g-1),再经14次使用后,活性没有明显变化.     

大孔聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯固定化酶载体的合成及性能研究

选用反应性单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯，以N,N'-亚甲基双（丙烯酰胺）为交 联剂，甲酰胺为致孔剂，用反相悬浮聚合方法制得一系列珠状共聚物载体，通过测 定其表面的物化性能、表面的环氧基浓度和固定青霉素酰化酶活性，讨论了交联剂 用量、配比及合成条件对共聚物表面性能和固定化青霉素酰化酶活性的影响。     

功能基化聚丙烯酸甲酯固定化青霉素酰化酶

合成了一系列大孔丙烯酸甲酯－二乙烯苯交联共聚物,经酰肼化、叠氨后固定青霉素酰化酶,考察了反应条件对固定化酶的影响,当交联剂用量为３０％,至孔剂量为１３０％,混合致孔剂（正庚烷与乙酸乙酯）中正庚烷的质量分数为５５％时,所制的载体经活化后得到的固定化酶酶活较高,为９５ｕ／ｇ（湿）,用分批式反应器连续水解青霉素Ｇ钾盐,使用６３批次后仍保留酶活７９．４％。     

亲水性交联聚合物载体的合成表征及其固定化α-淀粉酶

选用丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺为单体(NHS),以N,N/-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,以乙醇水溶液为制孔剂条件下进行反相悬浮聚合,得到珠状共聚物载体,该载体是一种新的酶载体形式,在国内外的相关文献中均未见报道.用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜测定其结构和表观活性.结果表明,在固定单体配比[W(AM)/W(NHS)=10∶1]和致孔剂用量的情况下,测得交联剂用量为4%时,交联聚合物载体的溶胀性最好(287.5%);交联剂用量为5%时,交联聚合物载体固定化α-淀粉酶表现出高的表观活性(522.53U/g).测得固定化酶载体表现出良好的操作稳定性.比较固定化酶和游离态酶的最适反应温度发现,固定化酶的最适反应温度(70℃)比游离态酶高20℃;固定化酶的最适反应pH值范围较游离态酶广.     

介孔材料的修饰及固定青霉素酰化酶的稳定性研究

利用扩孔剂的作用合成出较大孔径(12 nm)的介孔材料SBA-15, 并进行表面氨基修饰, 以此为载体, 以戊二醛为交联剂, 对青霉素酰化酶进行组装固定, 并对固定化青霉素酰化酶(PGA)的稳定性进行了深入的研究. 实验结果表明, PGA与载体交联后仍保持活性. 热稳定性研究结果表明, 制备的固定化青霉素酰化酶在低于60 ℃时保持稳定; pH在6~11范围内保持稳定; 固定化酶重复使用10次之后, 仍具有高达90%的残留活力.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。