3,5—二羟基甲苯比色法测定棉纤维表面糖的方法研究

本文研究了在非离子表面活性剂存在下,糖在强酸介质中转化成糠醛类衍生物同3.5-二羟基甲苯发生显色反应的条件。在硫酸介质中,糠醛与3,5-二羟基甲苯形成化合物的最大吸收波长为λ_(max)=425nm,线性范围0.04～0.20mg/ml,用于测定棉纤维表面的糖,方法的相对标准偏差为1.3％,回收率92％～105％。     

间接法测定工业废水中微量苯酚

研究了用吸光光度法间接测定微量苯酚的方法。在KBrO3和KBr溶液中,以淀粉 碘化钾为显色剂,最大吸收波长为590nm,线性范围为0.10～2.00mg·L-1,回收率为92%～110%,NH+4、Ca2+、Fe3+等不干扰测定。该法用于测定工业废水中痕量苯酚,结果满意。     

超高压提取红心火龙果果皮多糖理化特征及抗氧化活性研究

采用单因素、Box-Behnken design （BBD）试验响应面（RSM）法优化超高压提取（UPE）红龙果果皮多糖（RDFPs）工艺,以提高多糖得率.最佳工艺条件为：提取时间42.75 s,温度51.61℃,压力316.44 MPa;在修订最优条件下RDFPs的实验得率为34.31%,与预测得率（34.5%）一致.用超滤法和Sephadex G-100分子筛凝胶分离得到多糖组分RDFP-1,RDFP-2,RDFP-3,RDFP-4和RDFP-5,相对分子质量分别为7 950,16 460,49 980,145 350和193 710,并对它们的理化性质和体外抗氧化活性进行了比较研究.结果表明,RDFPs含有76.84%～84.22%的中性糖,9.64%～18.55%的糖醛酸,0.06%～0.88%的蛋白质.傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）和紫外（UV）光谱显示这些组分都具有多糖的特征吸收峰.RDFP-1和RDFP-4对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基（·DPPH）、羟基自由基（·OH）和超氧阴离子自由基（·O₂^-）的清除活性显著高于其他多糖...     

紫外分光光度法测定肉桂醛、苯甲醛和苯甲酸

根据肉桂醛、苯甲醛和苯甲酸的紫外吸收光谱特征及肉桂醛和苯甲醛在228 nm和256 nm波长处有两个等吸收点,提出了测定三组分的紫外分光光度法.选择228 nm,256 nm及311 nm 3个波长作为测定波长,建立了联立方程组,求得了组分浓度与吸光度之间的关系:C内桂醛=(A311 nm-0.008 4)/0.042 4;C笨甲醛=(A256 nm-0.000 5)/0.062 2-C内桂醛;C苯甲酸=(A228 nm+0.005 7)/0.061 1-C内桂醛-C苯甲醛.相应的线性范围依次在18.03,13.08,9.233 mg·L-1以内.对方法的重现性作了试验,上述3种化合物的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于1%.用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得其平均回收率在99.1%～100.5%之间.     

Fe(Ⅲ)-XO-OP胶束增敏光度法测定水中的痕量Fe(Ⅲ)

以HAc -NaAc为缓冲溶液 (pH =3.2 ) ,二甲酚橙与铁形成紫红色的配合物 ,最大吸收波长为 5 70nm ,在表面活性剂OP存在时 ,配合物的最大吸收波长红移至 5 90nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数由 3.0 4× 10 4L/ (mol·cm)增至 3.6 7×10 5L/ (mol·cm) ,铁的质量浓度在 0～ 2 0 .0 μg/ (2 5mL)内符合比耳定律。该法用于水样中微量铁的测定 ,铁的回收率为 99.8%～ 10 0 .2 % ,测定结果的相对标准偏差为 0 .16 0 %～ 0 .16 6 %。     

分光光度法测定焦化废水中的吲哚

二苯胺磺酸钠在酸性溶液中遇到NaNO2时,氧化为二苯联苯胺磺酸紫。由于该氧化物不稳定,分解产物再与NO-2发生重氮化反应,加入吲哚后偶合成红色化合物。该化合物最大吸收波长为525nm;摩尔吸光系数为0.57×104L·mol-1·cm-1;线性范围0.053～24mg/L。该化合物至少稳定1h,焦化废水中存在的其它物质不干扰吲哚测定,样品的回收率为98.8%～102%。     

溴甲酚绿为内标-甲醛肟光度法测定水体中锰的研究

提出采用溴甲酚绿为内标 甲醛肟光度法测定水体中的锰。锰与甲醛肟络合物和内标物的最大吸收波长分别为450nm和612nm,校正后A450/A612值与Mn含量之间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9994。对于高度污染的工业废水,可取显色溶液进行任意稀释测定。应用本方法对含锰9.56mg/L的冶炼废水进行了测定,其标准偏差和相对标准偏差分别为0.12mg/L和1.3%,回收率为99.6%～101.2%。     

新显色剂NPHMPDT的合成及其与镉的显色反应

报道了1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(4-羟基-6甲基-嘧啶)-三氮烯(NPHMPDT)的合成及其与镉的显色反应研究.在表面活性剂OP存在下,pH 11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂能与镉发生显色反应,镉与NPHMPDT形成摩尔比为1:3型的淡黄色配合物,在450 nm处有一最大正吸收,在540 nm处有一最大负吸收.以450 nm为参比波长,540 nm为测量波长进行双波长测定,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.88×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,镉的质量浓度在0～480 μg/L范围内符合比尔定律.     

1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(3,5-二溴吡啶)三氮烯的合成及其与汞的显色反应

合成了1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(3,5-二溴吡啶)三氮烯(NPDBPDT),并研究了NPDBPDT与汞的显色反应.在Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液(pH11.0)介质中,在Triton X-100存在下Hg(Ⅱ)与试剂生成络合物(1∶2).络合物在450 nm处有最大正吸收峰,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.36×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,在535 nm处有最大负吸收峰,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.57×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,以535 nm为参比波长,以450 nm为测量波长进行双波长测定,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.93×105 L·mol-1·cm-1.汞量在0～0.48 μg/mL范围内符合比耳定律.     

1-(4-安替比林)-3-(4-硝苯基)-三氮烯与镉(Ⅱ)的显色反应研究及其应用

本文研究了题示试剂的一些性质及其与镉的显色反应。在TritonX-100存在下,pH为11.8～12.8时,镉(Ⅱ)与试剂生成黄色的1∶2型络合物,最大吸收位于454nm,而在536nm处,试剂与络合物吸收的差值最大。以454nm为参比波长,536nm为测量波长时,ε=2.32×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),线性范围。0～10μg/25ml。以双波长法成功地测定了人发中的镉含量,加入回收率为99％～102%,方法的相对标准偏差为0.87％。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。