大比表面积La0.8Sr0.2CoO3的制备及甲烷催化燃烧性能研究

采用丙氨酸溶液燃烧法、丙烯酰胺-丙氨酸法、丙烯酰胺-氨基乙酸法和环氧丙烷法制备了大比表面积钙钛矿型La0.8Sr0.2CoO3复合氧化物,研究了制备方法对复合氧化物结构和性能的影响,考察了其CH4催化燃烧活性,并运用XRD,FI-TR,BET,TPR等进行了表征. 结果表明,制备方法对复合氧化物的性能有较大的影响,其中以丙氨酸溶液燃烧法制备的复合氧化物的比表面积较大(20.31 m2·g-1)和催化燃烧活性较好(T50和T100分别为470和550 ℃). 表征结果表明,该法所制复合氧化物的平均晶粒度较小,表面和氧空穴处的化学吸附氧更容易移动,表观活化能较低,这均有利于催化活性的提高.     

中温制备CeO2—TiO2复合氧化物及其结构研究

采用sol-gel法在700℃制备出氧化物陶瓷法1300℃才能获得的CeTi2O6复合氧化物.XRD结构分析表明,其晶体结构中存在8%的Ce缺位,化学式为Ce0.92Ti2O5.84,单斜晶系,空间群C2/m,晶胞参数a=0.9811(8)nm,b=0.3726(3)nm,c=0.6831(6)nm,β=118.84°.在1300℃焙烧该复合氧化物,晶系不变,缺位消失,化学式转变为正常的CeTi2O6,晶胞参数a=0.9813(3)nm,b=0.3752(4)nm,c=0.6883(5)nm,β=119.05°.用sol-gel法制备CeTi2O6复合氧化物先驱物,     

铁酸盐催化剂上乙醇的催化燃烧

用共沉淀法制备了N i,Co,Cu等的铁酸盐复合氧化物催化剂,并采用XRD、IR等手段对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明具有尖晶石结构的CuFe2O4复合氧化物催化剂对乙醇催化燃烧反应具有较高活性和选择性,Co部分掺杂的CuFe2O4其活性和选择性有所提高,乙醇可在约229℃达到完全转化,燃烧产物中没有发现乙醛副产物.     

CeO2-MnOx催化剂形貌对低浓度甲烷催化燃烧反应性能的影响

采用水热合成法制备了船形、扁球形及纳米片CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物。并运用低温N₂吸脱附、XRD、SEM、TEM、H₂-TPR、拉曼光谱、XPS等表征技术对不同形貌CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物的结构与其低浓度CH₄催化燃烧反应性能之间的关系进行了关联。结果表明,CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物的形貌与其催化性能密切相关。其中,扁球形CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物的氧空位、Ce³⁺含量及表面吸附活性氧物种最多,其CH₄催化燃烧反应活性最高,540℃时,可将CH₄完全转化;其次是船形CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物催化剂,540℃时其CH₄转化率为94.05%;与前两者相比,纳米片CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物催化剂的氧空位及表面吸附活性氧物种较少,活性较差,相同反应温度下,其CH₄转化率仅为89.68%。     

中低温Fe_2O_3-MnO_2-CeO_2/TiO_2脱硝催化剂的合成、表征及催化活性

选用共沉淀法以Fe,Mn和Ce三元复合氧化物为活性组分,以Ti O_2为载体,制备出一种铁基中低温SCR脱硝催化剂Fe_2O_3-Mn O_2-Ce O_2/Ti O_2.将制备的铁基中低温SCR脱硝催化剂进行脱硝活性模拟测试,结果表明在150℃~250℃温度区间内,掺杂含量不同的Fe_2O_3-Mn O_2-Ce O_2/Ti O_2复合氧化物催化剂大多都具有持续稳定的脱硝性能,催化效率最高可稳定在91%以上.同时,采用SEM,XRD,TG和EDS等催化剂表征手段,详细分析了其组分分布,空隙结构与催化性质.     

TiO2–ZrO2的表征及其异丙醇催化转化性能

用共沉淀法制备了TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物. 采用N2吸附、XRD、TEM、NH3和CO2吸附量热、NH3吸附红外对TiO2-ZrO2体系的结构及酸碱性等进行了表征. 结果表明: 与单纯的氧化物相比, 形成的复合氧化物为无定形物相, 有介孔结构, 表面积明显提高, 可达218 m2·g-1; 初始吸附热差别不大, 但具有更多的表面B酸位; 随着TiO2掺入量的增大, 复合氧化物表面碱位减少. 异丙醇催化转化, 在无氧条件下, ZrO2、TiO2和TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物上丙烯的选择性大于90%, 说明这些氧化物具有强的表面酸性; 在有氧条件下, ZrO2和TiO2丙酮的选择性达到70%～85%, 主要体现为氧化还原性; 而在复合氧化物上丙烯选择性增大到70％左右, 丙酮的选择性下降为30%左右, 表明生成的复合氧化物表面上的氧化还原性削弱, 酸性增强.     

稀土A-Ce-O催化剂的合成及性能研究

采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法合成出了几种含铈稀土复合氧化物催化剂,运用XRD,IR等不同测试手段对复合氧化物催化剂进行了表征,测试了甲烷催化燃烧活性.XRD分析结果表明:经1200 ℃焙烧3 h后4种催化剂中Ba-Ce-O,Sr-Ce-O主要以单一相钙钛矿结构BaCeO3和SrCeO3的形式存在,La-Ce-O体系催化剂呈现面心立方晶体结构特征衍射峰,与立方结构CeO2的衍射峰相似,只是峰的位置偏向低角度;Mg-Ce-O主要以简单氧化物CeO2的相存在,在甲烷催化燃烧反应中La-Ce-O显示出了良好的催化活性,T10为510 ℃,T90为670 ℃;主相为SrCeO3的Sr-Ce-O体系催化剂的甲烷催化活性最差,T10为570 ℃,T90为743 ℃.     

燃烧-还原法制备超细MgNi2合金粉末的研究

以Mg（NO3）2和Ni（NO3）2为原料,用甘氨酸作为氧化剂,采用燃烧法制备约50nm的混合金属氧化物前躯体,再在H2气氛保护下的管式炉中用CaH2还原制备MgNi2合金。利用X-射线粉末衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对样品的成分、晶体结构和形貌进行了分析,产品为粒度200nm左右的单相MgNi2合金粉末。制备MgNi2合金的最佳反应温度为850℃,反应时间为3h,制备混合氧化物前驱体时甘氨酸和硝酸根（Gly／NO3^-）的最佳配比为0．15。     

草酸盐凝胶共沉淀法制备Ni-Ce-O甲烷催化燃烧催化剂

 采用草酸盐凝胶共沉淀法制备了系列Ni-Ce-O复合氧化物催化剂,考察了制备方法及催化剂组成对其催化甲烷燃烧性能的影响. 结果表明,草酸盐凝胶共沉淀法制备的Ni-Ce-O催化剂上甲烷的催化燃烧活性明显高于常规方法制备的Ni-Ce-O催化剂; Ni-Ce-O催化剂的组成显著影响其催化性能. 当镍/铈比值为4时,在406 ℃时即可使50%甲烷转化. Ni-Ce-O复合氧化物中NiO的晶格微应变是影响其催化甲烷燃烧性能的重要因素.     

制备方法对铜钴尖晶石氧化物催化碳烟燃烧性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法、固相反应法和尿素水热法制备了铜钴摩尔比为1：2的尖晶石氧化物催化剂用于碳烟催化燃烧. 结果表明,制备方法对铜钴尖晶石氧化物催化碳烟燃烧性能有较大影响. 所制得的催化剂活性顺序为尿素水热法 > 固相反应法 > 溶胶凝胶法. 催化剂采用XRD、BET、SEM、XPS和H2-TPR等方法进行表征,发现尿素水热法制备的铜钴尖晶石氧化物呈现出带有孔隙的微小片状结构,可改善催化剂与碳烟颗粒的接触. 此外,采用尿素水热法制备的催化剂具有较强的氧化还原性能、较高的Co3 /（Co2 Co3 ）比例和较多的活性吸附氧（Oads）. 尿素水热法制得的催化剂的这些特性使其具有最佳的催化碳烟燃烧活性（T50 = 414 ℃,SCO2 = 96.6%）.     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.