Bn(n =2-15)团簇的几何结构和电子性质

应用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法计算并分析了不同生长模式下Bn(n= 2-15)团簇的几何结构及电子性质.同时,比较和讨论了不同生长模式下硼团簇的原子束缚能、能级间隙和第一电离势.研究表明:直线构型稳定性最低,金属性较强,尤其在n=8时能隙仅有0.061eV,说明该团簇已具有金属特征.平面或准平面构型稳定性最高,非金属性强.立体构型的稳定性与金属性介于直线和平面构型之间.另外,还讨论了基态团簇的束缚能、能量二阶差分、能级间隙和第一电离势随团簇尺寸的变化,结果表明B12与B14是幻数团簇.     

M2Al2(M=Au,Ag,Cu)混合小团簇的密度泛函研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,利用小核实赝势LANL2DZ,优化了含重金属二元混合团簇M2Al2(M=Au,Ag,Cu)的稳定结构,并得出具有C2v(1A1)对称性的蝴蝶结构比平面构型更加稳定,其中团簇Au2Al2最稳定.计算了稳定结构的结合能、电离势、电子亲和能、最高占据轨道能级和最低空轨道能级及二者间的能隙,得出参杂团簇M2Al2比非参杂团簇M4(M=Au,Ag,Cu)更稳定的结论.     

密度泛函理论研究Run和RunAu(n=1-12)团簇的结构和电子性质

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(GGA) 对 Ru_n Au和Ru_n 团簇的几何构型进行优化,并对能量、频率、电子性质和磁性质进行了计算. 结果表明,Ru_n Au团簇的最低能量结构可以通过Au原子代替Ru_n+1团簇中的Ru原子生长而成.除了局域的结构畸变,Ru_n Au和Ru_n+1团簇具有相似的几何结构.二阶能量差分、电离势、亲和势和分裂能表明Ru₅, Ru₈, Ru₅Au, Ru₈Au 是稳定的团簇,Au的掺杂没有改变Ru_n 的相对稳定性.通过电子性质的分析发现,当Au原子掺杂在Ru_n 中,团簇的化学活性增加,且团簇的能隙主要由电子的配对效应决定;对于大多数团簇来说,Au原子掺杂提高了Ru_n Au的磁矩. 关键词： n Au和Ru_n 团簇')" href="#">Ru_n Au和Ru_n 团簇 几何结构 电子性质     

B$lt;sub$gt;$lt;i$gt;n$lt;/i$gt;$lt;/sub$gt;($lt;i$gt;n$lt;/i$gt;=2—15)团簇的几何结构和电子性质

应用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法计算并分析了不同生长模式下B_n（n=2—15）团簇的几何结构及电子性质. 同时,比较和讨论了不同生长模式下硼团簇的原子束缚能、能级间隙和第一电离势. 研究表明：直线构型稳定性最低,金属性较强,尤其在n=8时能隙仅有0.061 eV,说明该团簇已具有金属特征. 平面或准平面构型稳定性最高,非金属性强. 立体构型的稳定性与金属性介于直线和平面构型之间. 另外,还讨论了基态团簇的束缚能、能量二阶差分、能级间隙和第一电离势随团簇尺寸的变化,结果表明B₁₂与B₁₄是幻数团簇. 关键词： n团簇')" href="#">B_n团簇 密度泛函理论 几何结构 电子性质     

外电场下Ti2O4团簇分子的激发与光谱性质研究

采用密度泛函(DFT) B3LYP方法在6-31+G基组水平上优化得到了分子轴方向不同电场作用下,Ti2O4团簇分子的基态稳定构型,电偶极矩μ,分子的总能量等,并且分析了Ti2O4团簇分子从HOMO-2到LUMO+2轨道能量的变化.在优化的构型下,用同样的基组利用CIS-DFT方法计算了外电场下Ti2O4纳米团簇分子的前9个激发态的激发能、波长和振子强度.结果表明,在有外电场的作用下,分子总能量随着外电场的增加不断减小,偶极矩随外电场的增加逐渐增大.其前线轨道的能量也随着外电场的增加逐渐减小.另外,Ti2O4团簇分子的激发能,激发波长和振子强度也受到了外电场的影响.     

Agn(n=2～10)团簇的几何结构和电子特性

应用密度泛函理论中B3LYP/LANL2DZ 方法优化计算并分析了Agn(n=2～10)团簇的基态几何结构及电子性质.同时计算和讨论了银团簇的原子化能、能级分布、能级间隙、电子亲和能和电离势,所得理论计算值与实验值符合较好.研究结果表明:银小团簇的结构不同于块体,且随团簇尺寸大小而相应变化,原子化能和电子亲和势随原子尺寸的增加而增加,团簇的费米能级、电子亲和势和电离势随团簇大小变化具有明显的奇偶振荡特性,并对此作了分析.团簇的电子性质和几何结构之间的密切关系及其随团簇尺寸大小变化的规律,可以从理论上确定团簇的最稳定结构,并可对实验观测结果做出解释.     

Aun（n=2—9）团簇的几何结构和电子特性

采用密度泛函DFT中的 B3LYP 方法，选择LANL2DZ基组，对Aun（n＝2—9）小团簇的各种可能结构进行优化，得到了它们的基态平衡结构并计算出其原子化能.研究表明：随着团簇尺寸的增大，单个原子的平均原子化能逐渐增大.同时分析了团簇的能级分布、最高占据轨道与最低空轨道之间形成的能级间隙.计算出了电子亲和能和电离势，计算值与实验值非常接近.最后分析了费米能级、电子亲和能和电离势形成“奇－偶”振荡效应的原因. 关键词： Au团簇 平衡几何结构 能隙 电子性质     

遗传算法结合不同势研究Irn(n=2-60)团簇结构特性

采用Gupta势和Sutton-Chen势结合遗传算法系统地研究了Irn(n=2～60)团簇的基态结构特性.结果表明:在所讨论的尺寸范围内,n≥4时Gupta势比Sutton-Chan势描述的铱团簇的平均束缚能稍高;n=2～60间,大部分Ir团簇在两种势下具有相同的几何结构,在n=22、29、35、37时两种势描述的团簇对称性不同.两类势都表明:在铱团簇的生长中,存在类Ih构型、类fcc构型和类十五面体构型之间的竞争;总体上,铱团簇的平均束缚能、平均近邻原子间距及平均配位数均随原子数目的增加而增大.两种势所描述的铱团簇具有相同的幻数序列(13、19、23、38和55).     

铝氢化物(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇结构与光谱的研究

采用密度泛函(DFT)中的B3P86方法,在Dunning的相关一致基组cc-PVTZ水平上,对铝氢化物(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇的可能几何构型进行优化计算,得出最稳定构型的几何参数、电子结构、振动频率和光谱等性质参数,并给出了最稳定结构的总能量(ET)、结合能(EBT)、平均结合能(Eav)、电离势(EIP)、能隙(Eg)、费米能级(EF)和氢原子差分吸附能(Ediff)等．结果表明铝氢化物团簇基态稳定结构的电子态分别为：n为奇数为单重态 和 ,n为偶数为双重态 和 ;由于Al原子属于缺电子原子,能与等电子原子H化合,通过氢桥键形成氢化物,本文优化计算发现,铝氢化物团簇最稳定的构型都存在氢桥键,且n为奇数的氢化物的氢桥键作用比相邻偶数的氢化物强．最后计算了铝氢化物团簇最稳定结构的红外光谱、平均结合能、电离势、能隙和费米能级等动力学电子特性,分析得出(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇中AlH3的电离势和能隙最大,说明该氢化物最稳定,氢原子差分吸附能最大．     

铝氢化物(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇结构与光谱的研究

采用密度泛函(DFT)中的B3P86方法，在Dunning的相关一致基组cc-PVTZ水平上，对铝氢化物(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇的可能几何构型进行优化计算，得出最稳定构型的几何参数、电子结构、振动频率和光谱等性质参数，并给出了最稳定结构的总能量(ET)、结合能(EBT)、平均结合能(Eav)、电离势(EIP)、能隙(Eg)、费米能级(EF)和氢原子差分吸附能(Ediff)等．结果表明铝氢化物团簇基态稳定结构的电子态分别为：n为奇数为单重态 和 ，n为偶数为双重态 和 ；由于Al原子属于缺电子原子，能与等电子原子H化合，通过氢桥键形成氢化物，本文优化计算发现，铝氢化物团簇最稳定的构型都存在氢桥键，且n为奇数的氢化物的氢桥键作用比相邻偶数的氢化物强．最后计算了铝氢化物团簇最稳定结构的红外光谱、平均结合能、电离势、能隙和费米能级等动力学电子特性，分析得出(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇中AlH3的电离势和能隙最大，说明该氢化物最稳定，氢原子差分吸附能最大．     

High-intensity femtosecond laser absorption by rare-gas clusters

The energy absorption efficiency of high-intensity (～10^{16}W/cm^2) femtosecond laser pulses in a dense jet of large rare-gas clusters has been measured. Experimental results show that the energy absorption efficiency is strongly dependent on the cluster size and can be higher than 90%. The measurement of the ion energy indicates that the average ion energies of argon and xenon can be as high as 90 and 100keV, respectively. The dependence of the average energy of the ions on the cluster size is also measured. At comparatively low gas backing pressure, the average ion energies of argon and xenon increase with increasing gas backing pressure. The average ion energy of argon becomes saturated gradually with further increase of the gas backing pressure. For xenon, the average ion energy drops a little after the gas backing pressure exceeds 9 bar (3.2×10^5 atoms/cluster). The result showing the existence of a maximum average ion energy has been interpreted within the framework of the microplasma sphere model.     

Measurement of the electron affinity of cerium

The electron affinity of cerium has been measured using laser photodetachment electron spectroscopy. The electron affinity of Ce(1G4) was determined to be 0.955 +/- 0.026 eV. The data also show that Ce- has at least two bound excited states with binding energies of 0.921 +/- 0.025 eV and 0.819 +/- 0.027 eV relative to the (1G4) ground state of the cerium atom. The present experimental measurements are compared to recent calculations of the energy levels of Ce-. Strong disagreement with the most recent theoretical atomic structure calculations highlights the complicated nature of this particular lanthanide.     

Plasmon-enhanced electron acceleration in intense laser metal-cluster interactions

We have measured the energy and angular-resolved electron emission from medium-sized silver clusters (N approximately 500-2000) exposed to dual laser pulses of moderate intensity (I approximately (10(13-14) W/cm2). When the second pulse excites the plasmon resonantly, we observe enhanced emission along the laser polarization axis. The asymmetry of the electron spectrum is strongly increasing with electron energy. Semiclassical simulations reveal the following mechanism: Electrons bound in highly excited states can leave, return to, and traverse the cluster. Those electrons that return at zero plasmon deflection and traverse the cluster during a favorable plasmon half-cycle can experience maximum acceleration by the evolving polarization field. As a result of these constraints energetic electrons are emitted in direction of the laser polarization axis in subcycle bursts.     

Multiphoton stimulated bremsstrahlung for broad (in the momentum representation) electron wave packets in an ultrashort laser pulse field

We consider features of absorption and emission of external laser field quanta by a broad (in the momentum representation) electron wave packet during its scattering from a potential center. Various scattering modes for the electron wave packet in a high-intensity laser field are analyzed using perturbation theory of potential energy. It is found that the absorption of laser field energy by an electron is substantially more effective as compared to the case of a plane wave. The important role of a number of interference effects associated with the large width of the initial electron momentum distribution is demonstrated.     

On possibility of measurement of the electron beam energy using absorption of radiation by electrons in magnetic field

A possibility of precise measurement of the electron beam energy using absorption of radiation by electrons in a homogeneous magnetic field for electrons of high energy in the range up to a few hundred GeV, was considered earlier. In this paper, with the purpose of experimental checking of this method in the range of several tens MeV of electrons energies, a possibility of measurement of absolute energy of the electron beam with a relative accuracy up to 10^?4, is considered. We take into account influence of the laser beam diffraction, of the spread of electrons over energies, and of the length of formation of radiation absorption in the process of electron beam energy measurement. The laser wavelength and the length of the magnet are chosen depending on the length of photon absorption formation. It is found that the kinematical restrictions on the photon absorption process lead to the selection in angles of propagation of photons, which can be absorbed by the beam electrons. It is shown that parameters of the electron beam will noticeably not vary during the measurement of the energy.     

Lasing from an electron-beam-excited nonchain HF laser

The lasing parameters of a nonchain chemical HF laser (an active volume of 20 l) excited by a fast electron beam are studied at different energies delivered to the gas. It is shown that the laser operates efficiently when the energy deposited is below 30 J/l. Above specific excitation energies of 60–70 J/l, both the lasing efficiency and the laser output decrease.     

Electron acceleration to GeV energy by a radially polarized laser

We present a relativistic single particle simulation of vacuum acceleration of an electron by a high-intensity radially polarized laser beam. The inherent complete symmetry of radially polarized laser beam leads to improvement in the trapping and acceleration of an electron so that an electron can be accelerated to the level of GeV. In addition, the external magnetic field further enhances the electron acceleration. Hence, an electron of ultrahigh energy was observed. The strong correlation between final electron energy and scattering angle is discussed.     

AuY、Au2Y分子的结构和势能函数

用密度泛函DFT中的 B3LYP 方法,选择LANL2DZ基组,对AuY、Au2Y分子的结构进行优化,得到了它们的平衡几何构型和谐振频率.采用最小二乘法拟合出AuY分子的 Murrell-Sorbie势能函数,在此基础上推导出光谱数据和力常数;并通过多体展示理论导出Au2Y分子的势能函数,正确地反应了其平衡构型特征.     

外电场下AgBr分子的结构及性质

采用密度泛函理论B3P86方法研究了AgBr基态分子在不同场强条件下的稳定结构及激发态性质.分析了外电场对AgBr基态分子键长、总能量、能级、谐振频率和红外光谱强度以及对前10个激发态的吸收谱、激发能、振子强度等的影响.结果表明随着正向电场F的逐渐增大,AgBr分子键长逐渐减小;总能量则逐渐升高;分子电偶极矩μ单调减小;HOMO能级升高,而LUMO能级、费米能级和能隙减小.谐振频率随正向电场增加而增大,随反向电场增加而减小,红外谱强度均随电场的增大而逐渐减小.由基态到第1-10激发态的波长增大,激发能减小.