多段翼型粘性绕流多块网格数值模拟

采用多块结构网格和分区求解技术对多段翼型绕流进行雷诺平均NS方程数值模拟,并将计算的压力分布与实验进行了比较.     

二维翼型跨音速绕流的数值模拟

本文结合高精度TVD格式的数值通量和时间进展多步法给出了一种求解定常流问题的数值方法。同时给出一些特殊处理来加快数值解的收敛速度。本文用以上方法计算了翼型跨音速绕流问题,结果表明此方法具有分辨率高,收敛速度较快之性质。     

紊流跨声速绕流的数值模拟

本文采用Baldwin-Lomax代数紊流模型,利用LU-ADI方法数值模拟了跨声速范围内紊流绕二元翼型的流动特性。通过数值实验证明本文所使用的方法求解跨声速绕流问题是成功的,它能给出同实验吻合较好的数值解。     

流场/电磁场的数值优化计算

采用矢通量分裂方法计算了绕翼型的时域电磁散射场特性及雷达散射截面积(RCS)。采用VanLeer矢通量分裂格式求解Euler方程方法计算了绕翼型的气动特性。并用一种简单而有效的数值优化方法对流场解和电磁场解进行了综合优化计算     

应用笛卡尔非结构切割网格进行外挂物投放的数值模拟

描述了一种新的网格生成技术,即笛卡尔非结构切割网格技术,采用叉树数据结构,完成了几种单段和多段翼型以及三维机翼的网格生成.应用中心有限体积法,对其绕流问题进行Euler方程数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验数据进行对比.在机翼绕流数值模拟的基础上,求解出机翼带外挂物的分离投放的流场计算问题.     

基于气动反问题的风力机翼型优化设计

翼型气动优化设计的核心在于快速、准确的流动性能分析与快速、可靠的寻优算法。本文提出通过控制翼型表面预期流动分布,应用气动反问题方法,求解性能优化的翼型气动设计新方法。本文的翼型流动分析是基于位势流动与边界层积分方程的迭代解法。气动参数寻优采用了基于多变量搜索的加速POWELL算法,在确定的参数空间内,遍历搜索最佳性能点,可以保证最终优化解的全局性。气动反问题求解采用了壁面喷吸气模型。计算案例表明,本文方法的计算时间少,在流动不分离时具有与RANS同等计算精度,为快速开发低速风力机翼型提供了一个有效的设计方法。     

一种数据驱动的翼型流动转捩预测方法

研究翼型绕流的转捩预测方法,对于翼型流动细节的精确模拟和气动力的准确计算以及精细化设计均具有十分重要的意义.采用动模态分解（dynamic mode decomposition,DMD）代替线性稳定性理论（linear stability theory,LST）与eN方法结合,不需要求解稳定性方程,成为一种数据驱动的翼型边界层转捩预测新方法,称为DMD/eN方法.在原有方法的基础上,改进了DMD网格线生成方法和扰动放大N因子的积分策略,并将RANS求解器与改进的DMD/eN方法进行耦合,实现了翼型定常绕流转捩预测自动化.采用该方法对LSC72613跨声速自然层流翼型以及NLF0416低速自然层流翼型在不同攻角下的绕流进行转捩预测,转捩点计算结果均与实验值和LST/eN方法吻合良好.该方法计算得到的N值增长曲线与LST/eN方法的包络线也较为吻合,进一步验证了积分策略的正确性.改进的DMD/eN方法可作为自然层流翼型设计的新的有力工具.      

NACA-65-0012机翼的非定常反问题解

利用有限差分法解非定常欧拉方程是振荡机翼非定常气动反问题的一种求解方法。本文重点讨论了非定常气动反问题求解的计算方案与反问题固壁边界条件的处理,编写了相应的计算程序。本文以绕前缘点做小幅俯仰周期振动的NACA-65-0012翼型为初始机翼,在振幅分别为0°、2．51°的条件下进行了气动反问题计算,经过多次迭代后计算翼型的压力分布基本与目标压力吻合,这表明本文的反问题求解方案、反问题边界处理及计算程序是可行的。     

应用GAO-YONG可压缩湍流模式数值模拟RAE2822翼型绕流

应用Gao-Yong可压缩湍流模式,数值模拟RAE2822二维翼型在两种不同来流情况下的跨音速粘性绕流问题.湍流模式的对流项用ROE格式离散,扩散项用中心差分格式离散,空间离散后的控制方程用多步Runge-Kutta显式时间推进格式求解.计算结果预测了翼型表面的压力系数的分布、平均速度剖面、激波的位置、马赫数等值线等情况.同时,对翼型表面激波与边界层相互干扰以及转捩问题进行分析计算,结果表明,Gao-Yong可压缩湍流模式结合适当的数值方法能够成功地模拟翼型跨音速粘性流动.最后,基于Gao-Yong可压缩湍流模式各项异性湍流粘性的机理,初步提出一种预测转捩起始位置的方法.     

钝锥绕流流动稳定性分析与转捩预报

研究了超音速钝锥绕流的稳定性和转捩点预报的数值计算方法,首先采用Euler方程求解钝锥绕流基本流场,用所得到的物面压力分布作为粘性边界层的外缘压力分布,给出了基本流场的初值;然后应用反迭代法与边界层渐近匹配的方法求解了钝锥边界层的稳定性方程,得到了钝锥边界层转捩数据.该方法可提高计算精度,节约计算时间.     

多块网格技术及其在操纵面绕流计算中的应用

采用中心有限体积法求解Navier Stokes方程组,利用点对点搭接及面搭接多块网格技术成功地进行了多段翼型和存在外形间断(剪刀差)的带操纵面三维机翼的网格生成及粘性绕流流场数值计算,使用重叠面积加权插值及Ramshaw算法实现了面搭接的多块网格之间的信息传递并保证了通量守恒,并将流场计算结果与实验数据进行了对比.     

国产优化300／600MW汽轮机通流部分气动设计 第二部分：叶栅优化与完善化设计

本文介绍叶栅优化与完善化设计方法。针对３００／６００ＭＷ汽轮机高、中、低缸叶栅不同的气动和几何特点，运用Ｓ１流面正、反问题和杂交问题程序，对叶栅进行优化或完善化设计。试验研究和工程实践表明这套设计方法是成功的。     

求解Euler方程的区域分解方法与并行算法

将复杂形状区域划分成多块子区域,研究发展了一种多块区域之间迎风守恒型的内边界耦合方法,实现相邻子区域解的光滑过渡,使多区耦合得到总体流场的数值解。对二维翼型跨音速流动和圆弧形隆起物超音速流动等进行了分区数值计算,并将计算结果与单区计算结果和实验结果作了比较。并行分区计算引入"先进先出"的同步控制等待机制,实现了高效率并行计算,还分析了影响并行效率的主要因素。     

Numerical analyses of flow around airfoils subjected to flow induced vibration

This paper describes extensive computer-based analytical studies on the details of unsteady flow behavior around airfoils subjected to flow induced vibration in turbo-machinery. To consider the time-dependent motions of airfoils, a complete Navier-Stokes solver incorporating a moving mesh based on an analytic solution of motion equation for airfoil translation and rotation was applied. The drag and lift coefficients for the cases of stationary airfoils and airfoils subjected to flow induced vibration were examined. From the numerical results in non-coupling case as out of consideration of the airfoil motion, it was found that the separation vortex consisted of large-scale rolls with axes in the span direction, and rib substructures with axes in the stream direction. In the coupling simulation including the airfoil motion, both the translation and the rotation displacement were gradually increased when the airfoil translation and rotation natural frequencies synchronize exactly with the oscillation frequency of the fluid force. In addition, the transformation from complex structure with rolls and ribs to two-dimensional aspect of only rolls could be visualized in three-dimensional simulation.     

On the mechanism of influence of a low-frequency energy source on shock wave structure in transonic profile flow

The mechanism of interaction between a pulsed-periodic source of low energy and a closing shock arising near airfoils in transonic flight is studied. Based on the numerical solution of 2D nonstationary equations of gas dynamics, the evolution of the shock-wave pattern in the flow about a symmetric airfoil at low-frequency energy input is investigated and the mechanism of interaction is determined that differs from the generally accepted one, which considers a low-density wake. The new mechanism is not observed at single input of energy.     

Use of adjacent jets to investigate the aerodynamic sound of airfoils at moderately high Reynolds numbers

A new experimental set-up is proposed to investigate the noise generated by airfoils. It consists of two adjacent plane jets ducted into an anechoic room, and the airfoils under investigation are placed in the median jet. Besides the benefit in the acoustical conditions of the experiments (decrease of the background noise due to the jets, shift of the preferred frequencies of the jets below the range of interest for the airfoil emission), the aerodynamic situation itself is improved (increase in length of the potential zone, decrease of induced flow fluctuations). There is therefore the possibility to investigate airfoil noise with longer chords and higher incident velocities.     

A Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov algorithm for compressible turbulent fluid flows

Despite becoming increasingly popular in many branches of computational physics, Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov (JFNK) methods have not become the approach of choice in the solution of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations for turbulent aerodynamic flows. To a degree, this is related to some subtle aspects of JFNK methods that are not well understood, and, if poorly handled, can lead to inefficient and unreliable performance. These are described here, along with strategies for addressing them, leading to an efficient JFNK algorithm for turbulent aerodynamic flows applicable to multi-block structured grids and a one-equation turbulence model. Development of globalization strategies for field-equation turbulence models represents one of the key contributions of the paper. Numerous examples of subsonic and transonic flows over single and multi-element airfoils are presented in order to demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the algorithm. In addition, a number of guidelines are presented to aid in diagnosing problems with JFNK algorithms.     

An adjoint method for shape optimization in unsteady viscous flows

A new method for shape optimization for unsteady viscous flows is presented. It is based on the continuous adjoint approach using a time accurate method and is capable of handling both inverse and direct objective functions. The objective function is minimized or maximized subject to the satisfaction of flow equations. The shape of the body is parametrized via a Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) curve and is updated by using the gradients obtained from solving the flow and adjoint equations. A finite element method based on streamline-upwind Petrov/Galerkin (SUPG) and pressure stabilized Petrov/Galerkin (PSPG) stabilization techniques is used to solve both the flow and adjoint equations. The method has been implemented and tested for the design of airfoils, based on enhancing its time-averaged aerodynamic coefficients. Interesting shapes are obtained, especially when the objective is to produce high performance airfoils. The effect of the extent of the window of time integration of flow and adjoint equations on the design process is studied. It is found that when the window of time integration is insufficient, the gradients are most likely to be erroneous.