Coupled piezoelectric vibrations of quartz plates

The contributions of coupling with the electric field and mass of electrode coatings are taken into account in solutions of equations governing coupled thickness-shear, flexure and face-shear vibrational modes in rotated-Y-cut quartz plates.     

具有压电材料薄板弯曲控制的有限元法

考虑一均匀各向同性薄板结构,在其上下表面离散分布状压电执行元件,在横向外载和电压共同作用下,分析板的弯曲变形,并通过变化作用于执行元件上的电压对板的变形进行控制,根据逆压电效应将电压转换成作用于板上的等效作用量,用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理导出压电结构板弯曲变形的有限元公式,并对环形板情况进行数值计算。     

Damping the vibrations of a rectangular plate with piezoelectric actuators

The paper addresses the active damping of nonstationary vibrations of a hinged rectangular plate with distributed piezoelectric actuators. The problem is solved by two methods: (i) the classical method of balancing the fundamental vibration modes by applying the appropriate potential difference to the actuator and (ii) the dynamic-programming method that reduces the problem to an algebraic Riccati equation. The results produced by both approaches are presented and compared __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 78–84, February 2008.     

铺装层正交异性钢桥面板有限元分析

以两种截面形状的纵向加劲肋和三种缺口类型的横隔板进行组合,铺设不同厚度、不同弹性模量的沥青混凝土,建立正交异性闭口加劲钢桥面板有限元实体模型;在钢桥面板纵、横向最不利位置进行加载,用Ansys程序计算分析了带铺装正交异性闭口加劲钢桥面板轮载作用下的力学性能,研究了桥面铺装层弹性模量E1和铺装层厚度,对桥面板力学性能的影响规律.E1的改变对铺装层影响的程度大于对钢桥面结构体系,E1增大,钢桥面板最大主应力减小,沥青表面的最大主应力增大;E1越大,E1变化的影响程度也越大;t对正交异性钢桥面板结构体系和沥青铺装内部受力影响较大,随着t的增大,钢桥面板和沥青表面最大主应力均减小.     

Finite element incremental analysis of elastoplastic plate bending

Summary The paper discusses the numerical solution of the elastoplastic bending of plates with any polygonal boundary subject to a generic load and to distributed dislocations.For the discretization of the plate Herrmann's and Hellan's constant moment triangular equilibrium model has been chosen. Compatibility is imposed through a minimum principle, proposed by Capurso and Maier, which can be considered a generalization of the minimum complementary energy principle for elastoplastic workhardening continua allowing for distributed dislocations.By means of a completely automatic computation program, the cases of simply supported and clamped square plate under uniformly distributed load and under central concentrated load are solved. Present results are partly compared with existing solutions.

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Sommario Viene studiato il problema della flessione di una piastra a contorno poligonale qualsiasi costituita da materiale elastico-incrudente e sottoposta ad un carico generico e a distorsioni diffuse. Per la discretizzazione della piastra viene scelto il modello triangolare equilibrato a momento costante di Herrmann e Hellan. La congruenza viene imposta attraverso un principio di minimo proposto da Capurso e Maier che può essere riguardato come la generalizzazione del principio della minima energia complementare per materiali elastico-incrudenti in presenza di distorsioni diffuse.Viene sviluppato un programma di calcolo automatico, che stende sulla piastra un reticolo di densità prefissata, numera e collega fra di loro nodi, lati e triangoli. In tal modo il programma genera le condizioni di equilibrio nodale e costruisce la funzione dell'energia da minimizzare. Vengono risolti, per il confronto con le soluzioni esistenti i casi di piastra quadrata semplicemente appoggiata e incastrata al contorno sottoposte a carico uniforme e ad una forza concentrata nel centro.

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This study forms part of a research program supported by the National (Italian) Research Council (C.N.R. Gruppo Problemi avanzati di ingegneria strutturale).     

Dynamic analysis of composite plate with multiple delaminations based on higher-order zigzag theory

In a recent paper, Cho and Kim [Journal of Applied Mechanics] proposed a higher-order cubic zigzag theory of laminated composites with multiple delaminations. The proposed theory is not only accurate but also efficient because it work with a minimal number of degrees of freedom with the application of interface continuity conditions as well as bounding surface conditions of transverse shear stresses including delaminated interfaces. In this work, we investigate the dynamic behavior of laminated composite plates with multiple delaminations. A four-node finite element based on the efficient higher-order zigzag plate theory of laminated composite plates with multiple delaminations is developed to refine the prediction of frequencies, mode shape, and time response. Through the dynamic version of the variational approach, the dynamic equilibrium equations and variationally consistent boundary conditions are obtained. Natural frequency prediction and time response analysis of a composite plate with multiple delaminations demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present finite element method. To prevent penetration violation at the delamination interfaces, unilateral contact constraints by Lagrange multiplier method are applied in the time response analysis. The present finite element is suitable for the prediction of dynamic response of thick composite plates with multiple and arbitrary shaped delaminations.     

Finite amplitude vibrations of a circular plate

The problem of finite-amplitude, axisymmetric free and forced vibration of a circular plate is examined with various boundary conditions. The non-linear boundary-value problem is converted into the corresponding eigenvalue problem by elimination of the time variable. Then by a Newton-Raphson iteration scheme, and the concept of analytical continuation, the solution to the non-linear eigenvalue problem for the vibrations is obtained in a discrete form. It is seen that the removal of radial restraint causes drastic changes in the plate responses and the patterns of membrane stresses. Comparison with solutions based on the Berger assumption reveals the unsuitability of the assumption when the plate is not radially restrained.     

压电薄膜表面贯穿裂纹的有限元分析

基于有限元软件ANSYS数值模拟,计算了激光作用下的压电薄膜表面贯穿裂纹外场应力强度因子和电位移强度因子,并且研究了90°畴变所诱致的畴变增韧行为。首先,求解无裂纹压电薄膜在激光作用下的热-力-电响应,将求得的应力和电位移场反向作用于裂纹面,求解裂纹尖端处的外场应力和电位移强度因子,然后基于小范围畴变理论求解了90°畴变所致的屏蔽应力强度因子。讨论了薄膜表面裂纹的外场应力强度因子、电位移强度因子及屏蔽应力强度因子随激光作用时间和裂纹位置的变化关系,从而预测压电薄膜体系在加热工作状况下的裂纹扩展和断裂行为。     

基于高阶位移模式的压电层合板动力有限元模型

建立了含压电片层合板的有限元动力学模型。以位于压电层上下表面处的电场强度和层间电压为未知量,给出了三次函数的电势分布模式,采用Reddy的高阶剪切理论描述板的位移场,假设板厚度方向的正应力为零给出了减缩的本构方程,采用有限元方法,基于Hamilton原理导出结构的动力学方程,然后用静态缩聚的方法压缩掉电场自由度和次要的位移自由度。最后用四边形矩形单元求解了一对称铺层和非对称铺层悬臂板的固有频率,并与ANSYS结果对比验证了本文模型的精确性。     

反求压电薄板智能结构荷载的有限元逆逼近方法

基于压电薄板智能结构提出一种有限元逆逼近反求结构荷载参量的方法,逼近目标函数以压电电荷响应为参量,迭代初值采用单位荷载预逼近方法;数值算例表明了该方法的有效性,可用于解决压电智能结构的荷载识别问题。     

Finite element analysis of thermo-elastic behavior of piezoelectric structures under finite deformation

It is noted that the behavior of most piezoelectric materials is temperature dependent and such piezo-thermo-elastic coupling phenomenon has become even more pronounced in the case of finite deformation. On the other hand, for the purpose of precise shape and vibration control of piezoelectric smart structures, their deformation under external excitation must be ideally modeled. This demands a thorough study of the coupled piezo-thermo-elastic response under finite deformation. In this study, the governing equations of piezoelectric structures are formulated through the theory of virtual displacement principle and a finite element method is developed. It should be emphasized that in the finite element method the fully coupled piezo-thermo-elastic behavior and the geometric non-linearity are considered. The method developed is then applied to simulate the dynamic and steady response of a clamped plate to heat flux acting on one side of the plate to mimic the behavior of a battery plate of satelite irradiated under the sun. The results obtained are compared against classical solutions, whereby the thermal conductivity is assumed to be independent of deformation. It is found that the full-coupled theory predicts less transient response of the temperature compared to the classic analysis. In the steady state limit, the predicted temperature distribution within the plate for small heat flux is almost the same for both analyses. However, it is noted that increasing the heat flux will increase the deviation between the predictions of the temperature distribution by the full coupled theory and by the classic analysis. It is concluded from the present study that, in order to precisely predict the deformation of smart structures, the piezo-thermo-elastic coupling, geometric non-linearity and the deformation dependent thermal conductivity should be taken into account. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10132010 and 50135030) and the Foundation of In-service Doctors of Xi'an Jiaotong University.     

含压电片层合壳的有限元分析与控制仿真

本文首先针对含压电材料的一般结构，推导了按位移和电位移求解时的混合变分原理，在此基础上，通过对面电荷取变分，直接得到了含按电压驱动压电片层合壳的有限元方程，最后给出了利用压电片进行静变形和振动控制的仿真算例，并进行了分析。结果表明，本文建立的有限元方程准确、可靠。     

Influence of shear strains on damping the vibrations of a rectangular plate with piezoelectric actuators

The problem of active damping of the nonstationary vibrations of a hinged rectangular plate with distributed piezoelectric actuators is solved using Timoshenko’s hypotheses. To this end, two methods are employed: (i) a classical method of balancing the principal vibration modes by applying the appropriate potential difference to the actuator and (ii) the dynamical-programming method that reduces the problem to the matrix algebraic Riccati equation. The results obtained by both approaches are compared. The effect of the shear modulus on the amplitude of the damping potential difference and the deflection of the plate is analyzed     

Finite amplitude vibrations of an orthotropic circular plate with an isotropic core

The free and forced non-linear vibrations of a fixed orthotropic circular plate, with a concentric core of isotropic material, are studied. Existence of harmonic vibrations is assumed and thus the time variable is eliminated by a Ritz-Kantorovich method. Hence, the governing non-linear partial equations for the axisymmetric vibration of the composite circular plate are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations which form a non-linear eigen-value problem. Solutions are obtained by utilizing the related initial-value problems in conjunction with Newton's integration method. The results reveal the effects of finite amplitude and anisotropy of materials upon the dynamic responses. Further, the method developed in this paper, which is used to solve the title problem, is one of some generality. It can be applied to many differential eigenvalue problems with piecewise continuous functions.     

A theory of high frequency vibrations of piezoelectric cyrstal bars

This paper presents a higher order, linear theory of piezoelectric crystal bars as in the same spirit as that of Mindlin. First, a power series representation in aerial coordinates is employed for both the mechanical displacement and electric potential fields. Next, with the help of a variational theorem deduced from Hamilton's principle, together with these series, the theory is established consistently. A hierarchy of 1-dimensional approximate equations of motion, charge equations of electrostatics, initial and boundary conditions, strain-displacement and electric field-electric potential relations, and macroscopic constitutive equations constitutes the theory, and it governs all the types of motions of piezoelectric crystal bars of uniform cross-section. Further, special cases of interest are pointed out. The solutions of the initial mixed boundary-value problems defined by this theory are proven to be unique.     

新型整体-局部高阶剪切变形理论及层合板精化三角形单元

基于整体-局部位移方法,建立了一种高阶剪切变形理论。整体位移部分采用的是Reddy理论的位移模式（1984）,局部位移为LIXY等（1997）建立的1,2-3理论的局部函数。这一理论使满足自由表面条件的Red@理论进一步满足层间位移、应力连续,同时有效减少了1,2—3理论的未知数个数。基于此理论深入开展了有限元法研究,建立了满足C^1连续条件的精化三节点三角形单元（每个节点参数为9个）。计算结果表明：建立的精化单元能准确计算整体位移和层间应力。     

Finite element analysis of the secondary buckling of a flat plate under uniaxial compression

Uemura and Byon (Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 13, 1–14, 1978) presented experimental results and a numerical analysis about the secondary buckling of clamped flal plates under uniaxial compression. However, their numerical analysis is based upon an inconsistent flat plate finite element and it does not take into account the important influence of antisymmetric imperfections.This paper presents and discusses F.E.M. results obtained by two computer codes using very different approaches, and compares these results with the experimental ones.     

Finite element formulation for dynamics of delaminated composite beams with piezoelectric actuators

As a part of an effort to develop a model-supported method for detection of delaminations in composite beams with the use of time responses to external excitations, a finite element formulation for dynamics of a composite beam with delamination and attached piezoelectric actuators is developed. In this formulation account is taken of transverse shear deformation and nonlinear through-thickness variation of the longitudinal displacement. Parameters that characterize the delamination are incorporated into the formulation that makes the finite element model convenient for use in conjunction with damage identification (not discussed in the present paper). Computational predictions of frequencies show good agreement with experimental results.     

Transient wave propagation of isotropic plates using a higher-order plate theory

Transient wave propagation of isotropic thin plates using a higher-order plate theory is presented in this paper. The aim of this investigation is to assess the applicability of the higher-order plate theory in describing wave behavior of isotropic plates at higher frequencies. Both extensional and flexural waves are considered. A complete discussion of dispersion of isotropic plates is first investigated. All the wave modes and wave behavior for each mode in the low and high-frequency ranges are provided in detail. Using the dispersion relation and integral transforms, exact integral solutions for an isotropic plate subjected to pure impulse load and a number of wave excitations based on the higher-order theory are obtained and asymptotic solutions which highlight the physics of waves are also presented. The axisymmetric three-dimensional analytical solutions of linear wave equations are also presented for comparison. Results show that the higher-order theory can predict the wave behavior closely with exact linear wave solutions at higher frequencies.