低能质子束产生感生放射性的蒙特卡罗模拟

质子束轰击探测器产生的感生放射性核素,将使探测器成为一个典型的外照射辐射源,针对感生放射性核素种类、活度的计算有利于辐射防护工作的开展。使用FLUKA蒙特卡罗程序,研究了低能质子束（20 MeV以内）轰击三种探头材料（铜、钽、钨）产生的感生放射性问题,得到探头材料在一定照射时间下的放射性核素活度及指定冷却时间后的剂量水平。研究结果表明,质子束轰击铜探头产生感生放射性的能量阈值最低（4~5 MeV）,而钨、钽探头与质子束产生感生放射性的能量阈值较高。相同照射时间下的钨、钽探头产生感生放射性总活度远低于铜探头,在冷却1 h后其放射性总活度降至最低。     

质子衰变研究

介绍了质子衰变的基本原理,综述了质子衰变实验研究的现状． The principle of proton radioactivity is introduced. The present status of experimental studies on proton radioactivity is reviewed.      

低能质子回旋加速器内部束流测量探头的感生放射性

 为满足回旋加速器内部束流测量探头产生低放射性的要求,通过理论分析和蒙特卡罗模拟方法,研究了11 MeV,50 μA质子束轰击铜探头产生的感生放射性,得到各种感生放射性核素的饱和放射性活度,并对结果进行了比较。分析结果表明,采用软件FLUKA进行蒙特卡罗模拟,核反应考虑完全,可同时计算不同照射时间下的直接和间接感生放射性,计算结果准确。应用该方法,质子束轰击不同测量探头产生的感生放射性可以得到详细和准确的分析和预测。     

低能质子回旋加速器内部束流测量探头的感生放射性

为满足回旋加速器内部束流测量探头产生低放射性的要求,通过理论分析和蒙特卡罗模拟方法,研究了11 MeV,50 μA质子束轰击铜探头产生的感生放射性,得到各种感生放射性核素的饱和放射性活度,并对结果进行了比较。分析结果表明,采用软件FLUKA进行蒙特卡罗模拟,核反应考虑完全,可同时计算不同照射时间下的直接和间接感生放射性,计算结果准确。应用该方法,质子束轰击不同测量探头产生的感生放射性可以得到详细和准确的分析和预测。     

重核的结团放射性

对重核的结团放射性(¹⁴C—³⁴Si)的实验数据进行了系统的分析和研究.提出了一个描述结团放射性寿命的新公式.理论计算结果与实验寿命在5倍以内符合.指出结团放射性的衰变能和结团内α粒子数有一个新的线性关系,标志着重核表面有α凝聚.     

基于折叠势的两势方法系统研究质子放射性(英文)

基于两势方法系统地研究了质子数51 ≤ Z ≤ 83质子放射性核素的衰变半衰期。总的质子-子核相互作用势包括:通过单折叠子核密度和DDM3Y有效相互作用得到的微观核势,通过单折叠子核电荷密度和质子-质子库仑相互作用得到的真实库仑势以及离心势。同时,预测了同一区域16个核的质子放射性半衰期,并且预测的质子放射性半衰期在4.11倍的范围内。此外,还研究了质子放射性的Geiger-Nuttall定律。结果表明,Geiger-Nuttall定律可以用来描述角动量相同的同位素的质子放射性。In the present work, we systematically study the half-lives of proton radioactivity for 51 ≤ Z ≤ 83 nuclei within the two-potential approach. The total emitted proton-daughter nucleus interaction potential is composed of the microscopic nuclear potential obtained by single folding the density of the daughter nucleus with the DDM3Y effective interaction, the realistic Coulomb potential obtained by single folding the charge density of the daughter nucleus with the proton-proton Coulomb interaction and the centrifugal potential. We extend our study to predict proton radioactivity half-lives of 16 nuclei in the same region within a factor of 4.11. In addition, the Geiger-Nuttall law for proton radioactivity is researched. The results indicate that the Geiger-Nuttall law can be used to describe the proton radioactivity isotopes with same angular momentum.     

超重核α衰变寿命的理论研究

建立了计算球形核α衰变寿命的新模型——密度依赖的结团模型(DDCM)。在此基础上,通过引入子核的形变自由度,发展了形变的密度依赖的结团模型, 编写了形变的DDCM程序。并系统计算了Z=106—110的超重核α衰变寿命。通过与已有的实验数据的对比分析, 发现理论结果和实验数据符合得很好,验证了DDCM在超重核区域的适用性。We proposed a deformed version of density dependent cluster model (DDCM) by including nuclear deformation of the daughter nucleus. A systematic calculation of α decay half lives of superheavy nuclei (Z=106—110) is carried out by the deformed DDCM. The good agreement between theory and data is obtained. It is shown that the deformed DDCM works well in the superheavy mass region.     

激发态丰质子核的双质子发射

将有效液滴模型和推广的液滴模型推广至激发态丰质子核的双质子发射半衰期研究,发现这两个模型都能较好地再现双质子发射半衰期的实验数据.基于这两个模型预言了一些核的激发态的双质子发射的半衰期,为将来的实验提供参考,并将上述半衰期与统一裂变模型给出的半衰期进行了比较和分析.此外,以⁹⁴Ag的21~+激发态的双质子发射为例,讨论了衰变能和衰变过程中带走的轨道角动量对其半衰期的影响,发现半衰期对它们的依赖很敏感,半衰期对衰变能的强烈依赖表明了精确测量核质量和激发能的重要性和必要性.     

质子滴线附近的新核素129Pm

通过重离子引起的融合蒸发反应⁹²Mo(⁴⁰Ca,p2n)合成了稀土区未知核素¹²⁹Pm,并且配合氦喷嘴快速带传输系统利用X-γ符合方法对它进行了首次鉴别.实验观测到了经¹²⁹Pm的(EC+β⁺)衰变产生的对应于子核¹²⁹Nd中5/2^－→1/2^－跃迁的一条99keV γ线.根据这条99keV γ线的时间衰变曲线,提取出¹²⁹Pm的半衰期为(2.4±0.6)s.     

原子核放射性对核对称能的约束（英文）

核对称能的密度依赖性对于原子核物理和天体物理中的许多问题很重要。基于密度依赖的结团模型,奇特的结团放射性被用来约束核对称能及其斜率的大小。在密度依赖的结团模型中,清楚地给出了结团放射性子核208Pb的中子皮大小与对称能的斜率参数L（ρ0） 之间的关联。发现从M3Y核子-核子相互作用得到的结团-208Pb 同位旋矢量势对于对称能的斜率参数L（ρ0） 非常重要。基于结团放射性实验数据和新的208Pb 的中子皮大小实验数据,成功得到对称能的斜率参数L（ρ0） 的大小。也讨论了利用质子放射性数据提取的斜率参数L（ρ0）。The density-dependence of symmetry energy is of particular importance to many problems in nuclear physics and astrophysics. Exotic cluster radioactivity is proposed to constrain the density slope of symmetry energy L(ρ0) by using the density-dependent cluster model (DDCM) where the cluster radioactivity serves as a link between the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb and the density slope L(ρ0). The isovector part of cluster-208Pb potential constructed from the M3Y nucleon-nucleon interaction is found to be very important in determining the density slope parameter L(ρ0). The correlation between the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb and the density slope parameter are obtained from cluster radioactivities around 208Pb with measured data. The constraint of L(ρ0) from proton radioactivity is also discussed.     

Theoretical Studies of Proton Radioactivity

In the paper, we will discuss the most recent theoretical approaches developed by our group,to understand the mechanisms of decay by one proton emission, and the structure and shape of exotic nuclei at the limits of stability.     

在超重核区应用Viola-Seaborg公式研究α衰变寿命

在超重核区(Z≥104)使用文献[7—9]给出的3组参数应用Viola-Seaborg公式计算了α衰变寿命,所得结果与实验值进行比较,发现其结果与实验值相差较大。为此,利用最小二乘法分别在重核区和超重核区重新对参数进行了拟合,得到的计算结果与实验值相比符合得较理想,尤其是由超重核得到的参数的结果非常理想。     

Proton Radioactivity Within a Hybrid Method

The proton radioactivity half-lives are investigated theoretically within a hybrid method.The potential barriers preventing the emission of protons are determined in the quasimolecular shape path within a generalized liquid drop model (GLDM). The penetrability is calculated with the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation. The spectroscopic factor has been taken into account in halflife calculation, which is obtained by employing the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory combined with the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) method. The half-lives within the present hybrid method reproduced the experimental data very well. Some predictions for proton radioactivity are made for future experiments.     

重核自发裂变寿命的新公式

利用Swiatecki寿命公式及其推广形式系统计算了重核的自发裂变寿命，并提出一个新的四参数自发裂变寿命公式，公式计算结果和实验数据能够很好地符合. 对于Z≥90的重核存在一条N=Z+52的长寿命线. 新公式可以预言长寿命线附近的重核自发裂变寿命.     

Pb附近奇A核同质异能态半衰期的简单规律

对Pb附近Z=78—82奇A核同质异能态IT衰变（或称为同质异能跃迁包括γ跃迁和内转换）的实验数据进行了系统的分析, 发现了奇A核同质异能态IT衰变半衰期的一个简单的规律:同位素链上角动量和宇称相同的同质异能态, 半衰期的对数随质量数之间符合二次曲线关系。 这说明了IT衰变的半衰期和质量数A之间有着一个指数关系。 对这一段同质异能态衰变中跃迁多极性的分析可让人们对有关物理性质有更清楚的认识。 对发现的简单规律也给出了可能的物理解释。     

New Poisson Sum Formula Derived by Squeezing Transformation in Quantum Optics

Using squeezing transform in the context of quantum optics and based on the Fourier series expansion we rigorously derive a new Poisson sum formula. Application of this new formula to the representation transformation of kq-wave function for describing electrons in periodic lattice is demonstrated. In so doing, the transition matrix element of harmonic oscillator in kq representation is derived.     

质子滴线区新核素25P的鉴别

在兰州放射性束流装置RIBLL上 ,利用磁刚度B_ρ、飞行时间t_TOF和多重望远镜ΔE- E联合探测方法测量了69Me V/u 36Ar轰击Be靶产生的 P同位素碎片的同位素分布,并与 EPAX经验公式的计算结果进行了比较 ,在质子滴线区首次鉴别出了新核素25PThe mass distribution of the phosphor fragments induced by projectile fragmentation reaction of 69 MeV/u 36Ar + 9Be was measured at the projectile fragment separator RIBLL at IMP. The fragment products were identified by determining the magnetic rigidity Bρ , the time of flight t_TOF and their energy loss ΔE . The experimental isotope distribution was compared to the result of the empirical parameterization EPAX. Three events for the new nuclide 25P in the...     

A New Differential Formula About Product of Polynomials and Its Application in Multi-electron State Physics

We derive a new differential formula about a kind of product of polynomials and then apply it to analyze some properties of multi-electron state ＂related to Laughlin wave function＂. The entangled state representation for describing electrons in uniform magnetic field is used.     

A New Differential Formula About Product of Polynomials and Its Application in Multi-electron State Physics

We derive a new differential formula about a kind of product of polynomials and then apply it to analyze some properties of multi-electron state “related to Laughlin wave function“. The entangled state representation for describing electrons in uniform magnetic field is used.