十二烷基硫酸钠对聚乙烯醇亚浓水溶液流变行为的影响

表面活性剂会影响聚乙烯醇(PVA)分子间及分子内氢键形成,进而改变其水溶液的流变响应.本文在确定十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)在PVA亚浓水溶液中的临界聚集浓度(CAC)和临界胶束浓度(CMCP)基础上,考察了SDS对PVA亚浓溶液(10 wt%)流变行为的影响.研究发现,不同浓度SDScsur对PVA水溶液稳态流变行为的影响差异较大:(1)当csur CMCP,随着csur增加,胶束起物理交联点作用,ηa增大,复合溶液的动态储能模量亦显著增大.加入SDS后,PVA体系内结合水的数目降低,但当csur> CMC后,结合水的数目几乎不变,黏流活化能也表现出相近的变化规律.与稀溶液相比,SDS对PVA亚浓溶液的降黏幅度较大.     

高强度聚乙烯醇水凝胶微球的制备

以三氯甲烷/丙酮为凝固液, 用高压静电技术制备了高强度、物理交联的聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶微球. 研究了凝固液组成、PVA溶液浓度、温度和湿度、电场强度、进样速度及微球冷冻次数等对PVA微球的形貌、粒径和强度的影响. 结果表明, 采用常压水蒸气控制PVA溶液温度与湿度的高压静电技术, 可克服高浓度PVA溶液在强电场下出现微丝现象, 形成的水凝胶微球具有强度高、粒径在一定范围内可控的特点.     

燃料电池用聚乙烯醇基碱性聚合物电解质膜的制备及其性能

通过在不同浓度KOH溶液中进行掺杂,制备出了聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVA/PVP)和聚乙烯醇/聚乙二醇二甲醚(PVA/PEGDE)碱性聚合物电解质膜详细考察了膜的外观形貌、微观结构、热稳定性、离子电导率和化学稳定性等.结果表明,PVA与PVP以及PEGDE具有很好的相容性,所制备的复合膜断面致密...     

大豆分离蛋白/聚乙烯醇的电纺研究

对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)的电纺进行了研究, 讨论了溶液性质和甘油的加入对SPI/PVA电纺纤维形貌的影响, 并对SPI/PVA电纺膜进行了成分分析和力学性能表征. 结果表明, 加入甘油可以提高SPI/PVA的可电纺性, 同时使SPI/PVA电纺膜的拉伸强度从不含甘油的(5.17±0.62) MPa下降到含有甘油的(1.67±0.21) MPa, 而伸长率呈增加趋势.     

聚乙烯醇/层状双金属氢氧化物复合膜的原位制备及其性能研究

采用一步水热法,原位制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)复合材料(PVA/LDH).与溶液共混法相比,原位生成法具有实验操作简单、制备周期短等优势.广角X射线衍射(WXRD)结果显示,利用该方法可在PVA溶液中原位生成晶型完整的LDH片状粒子.与溶液共混法制备所得复合体系的流变行为不同,原位合成体系在低剪切速率下的表观黏度随LDH含量的增加而下降.得益于LDH在PVA中的良好分散,填料含量为1.0 wt％时,复合膜的力学拉伸强度及弹性模量较纯PVA膜分别提高105.40％和133.20％.在保持复合材料高透光性基础上,薄膜的耐水性也有一定的提升,但其耐水蒸汽的提高仅当LDH含量达3.0 wt％才有所体现.     

聚乙烯醇调控水溶性共轭聚噻吩的光学性质

针对发光共轭聚合物稀溶液在干燥形成固体时的荧光淬灭问题, 通过高分子聚乙烯醇(PVA)的氢键网络调控水溶性共轭聚噻吩在溶液中的聚集行为和构象, 并采用不同的干燥方式实现了调控其固体光学性质的目的. 紫外-可见光吸收、荧光发射光谱测试表明, 在水溶液中PVA可以分散共轭聚合物链, 并增强其共平面性; 高温干燥后, 聚噻吩薄膜与无PVA添加的聚噻吩溶液的荧光性质相似; 而采用冷冻干燥法, 薄膜则保留了添加PVA后混合溶液的发光特性. 该结果表明, PVA对聚噻吩在溶液状态下的聚集/分子构象的调控行为随干燥方式的不同得到了不同程度的保留——高温加热干燥仅维持了PVA对聚噻吩的分散作用; 而冷冻干燥则完整保留了PVA与聚噻吩的分子间相互作用, 将溶液中分子的分散状态和构象同时固定. 本研究从干燥方式的角度为固态共轭聚合物聚集行为及发光性质的调控提供了新的策略.     

石墨负极表面聚合物功能保护膜对 锂离子电池存储寿命的提升

采用溶液浸渍法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)均匀包覆的石墨并研究了其微观形貌及电化学性能. 以LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂(NCA)为正极材料、 PVA包覆石墨为负极材料组装成软包电池和钢壳电池, 研究了PVA功能保护膜对全电池的电化学性能和存储寿命的影响. 结果表明, 存储过程中PVA功能保护膜可以有效抑制电解液和石墨内嵌锂反应的发生, 延长电池的存储寿命.     

竹纤维复合亲水膜的制备及性能研究

以碱处理的改性竹纤维(BF)、乳酸(LA)为反应原料,制备PLA-g-BF接枝物。PLA-g-BF接枝物分别与壳聚糖(CS)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料的体系进行复合,制备竹纤维复合亲水膜,探究了CS(PVA)溶液质量浓度和PLA-g-BF/CS(PVA)溶液质量配比对所制备的竹纤维复合亲水膜的结构、拉伸强度、形貌、亲水性、附着力及降解性的影响。结果表明:CS溶液质量浓度为1/40(g/mL),接枝物与CS溶液质量配比为2∶40时,膜的拉伸强度为4.93MPa,接触角为72.9°,硬度为2H,基本不降解;PVA溶液质量分数为7%,接枝物与PVA溶液质量配比为2∶40时,膜的拉伸强度为17.2MPa,接触角为53.2°,硬度为5H,6天内全部降解。     

PVA-PAMPS-PAA三元互穿网络型水凝胶的合成及其性能研究

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酸(AA)以及聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,制备了PVA-PAMPS-PAA三元互穿网络型(T-IPN)水凝胶.红外分析表明,PVA与PAA以及PAMPS之间形成了较强的氢键,使得PVA分子上的C—O伸缩震动吸收峰移向了低波数处.X射线衍射以及电镜分析表明,当PVA用量较低时,PVA能均匀的穿插于凝胶网络中,形成完善的互穿网络结构,当PVA用量过高时,部分的PVA结晶而使得凝胶出现相分离.研究了该三元互穿网络型水凝胶的溶胀性能,结果表明,该水凝胶的平衡溶胀比在200至340之间,并且随着AA以及AMPS用量的增加,凝胶的溶胀速率以及平衡溶胀比均升高.该三元互穿网络型水凝胶在酸性溶液中和在碱性溶液中表现出截然不同的消溶胀性能;并且随着溶液pH的升高,凝胶在pH=9.0附近出现体积突变,表现出pH敏感性.通过研究T-IPN水凝胶的抗压缩性能发现,利用线型高分子、柔性高分子网络以及刚性高分子网络制备的三元互穿网络型水凝胶能在高溶胀比下保持较高的强度.溶胀比为180的T-IPN水凝胶,其最大抗压缩强度可达12.1 MPa.进一步研究发现,凝胶的组成以及溶胀比均对凝胶的抗压缩强度和压缩应变均存在较大的影响.     

聚乙烯醇水溶液反复冷冻过程中的溶剂化效应

采用示差扫描量热技术(DSC)对聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液反复冰冻过程中的溶剂化效应进行研究.引入水化数的概念来表征溶剂化效应的大小.结果表明不同浓度区间的PVA水溶液其在反复冰冻过程中溶剂化效应显著不同,主要归因于高分子链分子内和分子间缠结程度对溶剂分子"参与"溶剂化的程度和方式的不同.作者把极稀高分子溶液的研究结果拓展到高分子稀溶液或亚浓溶液区间,阐述了高分子溶液中高分子链的物理图像.冷冻次数的增加导致链间缠结增加,部分溶剂则被包裹在由链间缠结点所形成的网圈内成为分子链的一部分.溶液溶剂化程度的变化受到包裹溶剂与高分子链脱溶剂化的综合影响.     

肝素钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶的制备与性能

通过循环冷冻-解冻法,制成了肝素钠/聚乙烯醇(HS/PVA)复合水凝胶材料。 探讨了不同质量分数肝素钠对复合水凝胶材料的可见光透过率、含水率、亲水性、力学性能以及肝素钠释放量的影响。 结果表明,复合水凝胶的可见光透过率为92%以上,溶胀平衡的含水率为72%~78%,亲水性较纯PVA水凝胶有所提升,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都稍有下降。 细胞粘附实验结果表明,适量的肝素钠的释放可以达到减少细胞粘附的效果。 这种HS/PVA复合水凝胶材料有望用作人工角膜中心区材料。     

Thermosensitive poly(methyl methacrylate) emulsion prepared in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) with a cloud point as a protective colloid

An emulsion of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) of low degree of hydrolysis with a cloud point as a protective colloid. The behaviour of an aqueous solution of PVA with 80% degree of hydrolysis was first investigated in terms of the Huggins constant in viscometry. MMA was polymerized using the PVA at 20 °C, where no abnormality in the aqueous PVA was observed. The change in transmittance of the emulsion observed with a UV–vis photometer revealed that in the case of UV light of wavelength 370 nm, the transmittance decreased markedly at around 30 °C with an increase in temperature, and then increased with a decrease in temperature. The thermosensitive property resulted from PVA with a low degree of hydrolysis with a cloud point, at a higher temperature of which the PVA loses solubility in water owing to weakening of the hydrogen bond between PVA molecules and water.     

Controlled reduction of the deleterious effects of photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles by PVA capping

Nanoparticles of uncapped and PVA (poly vinyl alcohol) capped zinc oxide were synthesized by precipitation method. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis. The photocatalytic activity of bare and modified ZnO nanoparticles was studied by monitoring the degradation of Rhodamine B. The results show that PVA capped ZnO nanoparticles has reduced photocatalytic activity than the bare ZnO nanoparticles. The reduction in the chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon results also revealed the reduced photocatalytic activity of PVA capped ZnO. The UV-shielding property was evaluated by measuring the transmittance which shows that both bare and PVA capped ZnO nanoparticles possess good UV-shielding ability.     

Preparation and characterization of covalently bonded PVA/Laponite/HAPI nanocomposite multilayer freestanding films by layer‐by‐layer assembly

The layer‐by‐layer (LBL) assembly technique is an attractive method to make functional multilayer thin films and has been applied to fabricate a wide range of materials. LBL materials could improve optical transmittance and mechanical properties if the film components were covalently bonded. Covalently bonded nanocomposite multilayer films were prepared by employing hydrophilic aliphatic polyisocyanate (HAPI) as the reactive component, to react with Laponite and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). FT‐IR spectra suggested that HAPI reacted with Laponite and PVA at ambient temperature rapidly. Ellipsometry measurement showed that the film thickness was in linear growth. The influences of HAPI on the optical, mechanical and thermal properties of the films were investigated by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, tensile stress measurement, DSC and TGA. The obtained results showed that the optical transmittance and mechanical strength were enhanced when the film components were covalently bonded by HAPI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 545–551     

海藻糖改性聚乙烯醇及其防雾/防霜涂层

以聚乙烯醇和羧基化海藻糖为原料合成了聚乙烯醇-g-海藻糖(PVA-g-Tre), 将接枝物与少量乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯混合, 通过光引发聚合制备了亲水性半互穿网络防雾/防霜涂层. 通过核磁共振氢谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱对PVA-g-Tre的化学结构进行了表征, 利用原子力显微镜、 水接触角测试仪、 拉曼光谱等分析了涂层表面的粗糙度、 润湿性及水与大分子之间的氢键作用, 并考察了涂层的透光性和防雾及防霜性能. 结果表明, 含有不同海藻糖接枝率PVA-g-Tre的涂层表面粗糙度较低且透光率好, 与含有PVA的涂层相比, 引入海藻糖提高了PVA-g-Tre涂层的亲水性和润湿性, 使其同时具有良好的防雾和防霜性能.     

Pervaporation separation of water-acetic acid mixtures through poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes crosslinked with glutaraldehyde

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) were prepared by a solution method for the pervaporation separation of acetic acid-water mixtures. In the solution method, dry PVA films were crosslinked by immersion for 2 days at 40°C in reaction solutions which contained different contents of GA, acetone and a catalyst, HCl. In order to fabricate the crosslinked PVA membranes which were stable in aqueous solutions, acetone was used as reaction medium in stead of aqueous inorganic salt solutions which have been commonly used in reaction solution for PVA crosslinking reaction. The crosslinking reaction between the hydroxyl group of PVA and the aldehyde group of GA was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Swelling measurements were carried out in both water and acetic acid to investigate the swelling behavior of the membranes. The swelling behaviour of a membrane fabricated at different GA content in a reaction solution was dependent on crosslinking density and chemical functional groups created as a result of the reaction between PVA and GA, such as the acetal group, ether linkage and unreacted pendent aldehydes in PVA. The pervaporation separation of acetic acid-water mixtures was performed over a range of 70–90 wt% acetic acid in the feed at temperatures varying from 35 to 50°C to examine the separation performances of the PVA membranes. Permeation behaviour through the membranes was analyzed by using pervaporation activation energies which had been calculated from the Arrhenius plots of permeation rates.     

Wide Band Gap Transparent Polymer-Inorganic Composite Thin Films by Dip-Coating Method: Preparation and Characterizations

Wide band gap transparent polymer-inorganic (PVA-ZnO) composite thin films were prepared by the dip-coating method. Functional groups and metal oxide vibrations were found from Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The elements Zn and O were confirmed from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the sharp diffraction peaks correspond to the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO in the PVA matrix. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the ZnO nanoparticles are randomly distributed throughout the entire film surface. The optical study reveals that the transmittance was more than 85% with very low absorption and wide band gap energy (4.03 to 3.95 eV). The obtained results indicate that the high transmittance, very low absorption, and wide band gap energy of the prepared dip-coated composite thin films make them suitable for use in transparent optoelectronic device applications in the near future.     

Carbendazim‐loaded electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) fiber mats and release characteristics of carbendazim therefrom

Ultra‐fine poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) electrospun fiber mats containing carbendazim were successfully fabricated by electrospinning from the neat PVA solution containing carbendazim in various amounts based on the weight of PVA. The morphological appearance of both the neat and the carbendazim‐loaded electrospun PVA fibers were smooth and the incorporation of carbendazim in the neat PVA solution did not affect the morphology of the resulting fibers. The average diameters of the neat and the carbendazim‐loaded electrospun PVA fibers ranged between 155 and 160 nm. The chemical integrity of the as‐loaded carbendazim in the carbendazim‐loaded electrospun PVA fiber mats was intact as verified by the ¹H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the carbendazim‐loaded electrospun PVA fiber mats were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The release characteristics of the carbendazim‐loaded electrospun PVA mats were investigated by the total immersion method in distilled water at 30°C. The carbendazim‐loaded electrospun PVA mats exhibited greater amount of carbendazim released than the carbendazim‐loaded as‐cast films. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.