On closed subspaces with Schauder bases in non-archimedean Fréchet spaces

The main purpose of this paper is to prove that a non-archimedean Fréchet space of countable type is normable (respectively nuclear; reflexive; a Montel space) if and only if any its closed subspace with a Schauder basis is normable (respectively nuclear; reflexive; a Montel space). It is also shown that any Schauder basis in a non-normable non-archimedean Fréchet space has a block basic sequence whose closed linear span is nuclear. It follows that any non-normable non-archimedean Fréchet space contains an infinite-dimensional nuclear closed subspace with a Schauder basis. Moreover, it is proved that a non-archimedean Fréchet space E with a Schauder basis contains an infinite-dimensional complemented nuclear closed subspace with a Schauder basis if and only if any Schauder basis in E has a subsequence whose closed linear span is nuclear.     

Every non-normable non-archimedean Köthe space has a quotient without the bounded approximation property

It is proved that any non-archimedean non-normable Fréchet space with a Schauder basis and a continuous norm has a quotient without the bounded approximation property. It follows that any infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Fréchet space, which is not isomorphic to any of the following spaces: , has a quotient without a Schauder basis. Clearly, any quotient of c₀ and has a Schauder basis. It is shown a similar result for and     

Homotopic Fréchet distance between curves or, walking your dog in the woods in polynomial time

The Fréchet distance between two curves in the plane is the minimum length of a leash that allows a dog and its owner to walk along their respective curves, from one end to the other, without backtracking. We propose a natural extension of Fréchet distance to more general metric spaces, which requires the leash itself to move continuously over time. For example, for curves in the punctured plane, the leash cannot pass through or jump over the obstacles (“trees”). We describe a polynomial-time algorithm to compute the homotopic Fréchet distance between two given polygonal curves in the plane minus a given set of polygonal obstacles.     

On some measures of noncompactness in the Fréchet spaces of continuous functions

In this paper, the Fréchet spaces of continuous functions defined on a bounded or an unbounded interval, with values in the space of all real sequences, are considered. For those Fréchet spaces new regular measures of noncompactness are constructed and several properties of these measures are established. The results obtained are further applied to infinite systems of functional-integral equations.     

Shrinking and boundedly complete Schauder frames in Fréchet spaces

We study Schauder frames in Fréchet spaces and their duals, as well as perturbation results. We define shrinking and boundedly complete Schauder frames on a locally convex space, study the duality of these two concepts and their relation with the reflexivity of the space. We characterize when an unconditional Schauder frame is shrinking or boundedly complete in terms of properties of the space. Several examples of concrete Schauder frames in function spaces are also presented.     

Existence and uniqueness results for impulsive functional differential equations with scalar multiple delay and infinite delay

In this paper, we discuss local and global existence and uniqueness results for first order impulsive functional differential equations with multiple delay. We shall rely on a nonlinear alternative of Leray–Schauder. For the global existence and uniqueness we apply a recent nonlinear alternative of Leray–Schauder type in Fréchet spaces, due to M. Frigon and A. Granas [Résultats de type Leray–Schauder pour des contractions sur des espaces de Fréchet, Ann. Sci. Math. Québec 22 (2) (1998) 161–168]. The goal of this paper is to extend the problems considered by A. Ouahab [Local and global existence and uniqueness results for impulsive differential equations with multiple delay, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 323 (2006) 456–472].     

On Topological Classification of Non-Archimedean Fréchet Spaces

We prove that any infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Fréchet space E is homeomorphic to where D is a discrete space with card(D) = dens(E). It follows that infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Fréchet spaces E and F are homeomorphic if and only if dens(E) = dens(F). In particular, any infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Fréchet space of countable type over a field is homeomorphic to the non-archimedean Fréchet space .     

Higher order differentiability properties of the composition and of the inversion operator

This paper contains theorems of r-th order Fréchet differentiability, with r≥1, for the autonomous composition operator and for the inversion operator in Schauder spaces. The optimality of the differentiability theorems for the composition is indicated by means of an ‘inverse result’. A main point of this paper is that (higher order) ‘sharp’ differentiability theorems for the composition operator can be proved by approximating the operator by composition operators whose superposing function is a polynomial, an idea which may be employed in other function space settings.     

On relations between non-Archimedean power series spaces

The power series spaces of finite type, A₁(α), and infinite type, A_∞(α), are the most known and important examples of non-Archimedean nuclear Fréchet spaces. We study when Aπ (α) has a subspace (or quotient) isomorphic to A_q(b).     

Double convergence and products of Fréchet spaces

The paper is devoted to convergence of double sequences and its application to products. In a convergence space we recognize three types of double convergences and points, respectively. We give examples and describe their structure and properties. We investigate the relationship between the topological and convergence closure product of two Fréchet spaces. In particular, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the topological product of two compact Hausdorff Fréchet spaces to be a Fréchet space.     

Historique de la notion de compacite

The Bolzano-Weierstrass and Borel-Lebesgue properties of sets constitute the fundamental ideas that led to the notion of compactness. The link between these ideas appeared for the first time to Fréchet, who formulated the first definition of a compact set. The notion developed simultaneously with that of a complete set thanks mainly to the contributions made by Hausdorff and Alexandroff. Later Moore-Smith convergence and filters enabled simplification of the language.La propriété de Bolzano-Weierstrass et la propriété de Borel-Lebesgue constituent les idées fondamentales qui ont conduit à l'élaboration de la notion de compacité. Le lien entre ces idées est apparu pour la première fois à Fréchet qui a formulé la première définition d'un ensemble compact. Cette notion s'est affinée en même temps que celle d'ensemble complet grâce à Hausdorff et Alexandroff notamment. La convergence à la Moore-Smith et la notion de filtre ont permis ultérieurement de simplifier le langage.     

Separating sets with relative interior in Fréchet spaces

A separation theorem, valid in infinite dimensional spaces, and involving the relative interior of the sets to be separated, will be extended to Fréchet spaces. This theorem will be elucidated by means of a few examples. The second separation theorem is a generalization of an existing separation theorem, valid in Fréchet spaces. This paper consists of two parts: part I contains the first theorem, the second part contains the second generalization.     

Regularity and convergence of stochastic convolutions in duals of nuclear Fréchet spaces

Let Φ′ be the strong dual of a nuclear Fréchet space Φ. In this paper we present regularity properties, weak convergence, and convergence in probability and in mean square of Φ′-valued stochastic evolution equations and convolutions with respect to Φ′-valued cadlag martingales.     

Diffusion processes in linear spaces and pseudotopologies

The theory of diffusion processes with a nonnormable phase space (a nuclear Fréchet space) is developed and the Cauchy problem for parabolic equations relative to functions on this space is solved by probabilistic methods. A series of examples are given, demonstrating a significant difference between the theory of stochastic differential equations and parabolic equations in the case of locally convex spaces, on one hand, and the analogous theory in the case of Banach spaces, on the other hand. The difficulty which arises, when passing from a Banach space to a Fréchet space, involves basically a functional rather than a probabilistic character. There appears a sufficiently complex intertwinement of the theory of locally convex and pseudotopological spaces with probability theory.Translated from Trudy Seminara imeni I. G. Petrovskogo, No. 11, pp. 190–209, 1986.In conclusion, the author expresses his gratitude to O. G. Smolyanov for his constant interest in the paper and for useful advice.     

On Symmetric Schauder Bases in Non-Archimedean Fréchet Spaces

 It is proved that any infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Fréchet space with a symmetric basis is isomorphic to c ₀ or ?^ℕ. A similar result is shown for homogeneous bases. It is also proved that any infinite-dimensional nuclear non-archimedean Fréchet space with a subsymmetric basis is isomorphic to ?^ℕ. In fact, much stronger results are obtained.     

On stein manifolds M for whichO(M) is isomorphic toO(Δn) as Fréchet spaces

We give a characterization of Stein manifolds M for which the space of analytic functions,O(M), is isomorphic as Fréchet spaces to the space of analytic functions on a polydisc interms of the existence of a plurisubharmonic function on M with certain properties. We discuss some corollaries of this result and give some examples.I would like to thank the referee for drawing my attention to [24], which simplified the proofs of Theorem 2, and Lemma 9.     

Workshop lecture on products of Fréchet spaces

The general question, “When is the product of Fréchet spaces Fréchet?” really depends on the questions of when a product of α₄ Fréchet spaces (also known as strongly Fréchet or countably bisequential spaces) is α₄, and when it is Fréchet. Two subclasses of the class of strongly Fréchet spaces shed much light on these questions. These are the class of α₃ Fréchet spaces and its subclass of ℵ₀-bisequential spaces. The latter is closed under countable products, the former not even under finite products. A number of fundamental results and open problems are recalled, some further highlighting the difference between being α₃ and Fréchet and being ℵ₀-bisequential.     

On Symmetric Schauder Bases in Non-Archimedean Fréchet Spaces

 It is proved that any infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Fréchet space with a symmetric basis is isomorphic to c ₀ or ?^ℕ. A similar result is shown for homogeneous bases. It is also proved that any infinite-dimensional nuclear non-archimedean Fréchet space with a subsymmetric basis is isomorphic to ?^ℕ. In fact, much stronger results are obtained. Received August 27, 2001; in revised form February 8, 2002     

Quasi-reflexive Fréchet spaces and mean ergodicity

We characterize quasi-reflexive Fréchet spaces with a basis in terms of the properties of this basis. As a consequence we prove that a Fréchet space with a basis is quasi-reflexive of order one if and only if for every power bounded operator T, either T or T^′ is mean ergodic.     

Towards computability of elliptic boundary value problems in variational formulation

We present computable versions of the Fréchet–Riesz Representation Theorem and the Lax–Milgram Theorem. The classical versions of these theorems play important roles in various problems of mathematical analysis, including boundary value problems of elliptic equations. We demonstrate how their computable versions yield computable solutions of the Neumann and Dirichlet boundary value problems for a simple non-symmetric elliptic differential equation in the one-dimensional case. For the discussion of these elementary boundary value problems, we also provide a computable version of the Theorem of Schauder, which shows that the adjoint of a computably compact operator on Hilbert spaces is computably compact again.