Ni-P-CeO2化学复合镀层的XPS和AES分析

运用 SEM、AES和 XPS分析了 Ni- P- Ce O2 的镀层表面形貌及镀层组成。研究显示 ,Ni-P- Ce O2 镀层表面光滑、均匀、光洁度好 ,其相对原子摩尔分数分别为 Ni75.51 %、P1 3.37%、Ce2 .71 %、O6.81 %和 Fe1 .38%。镀层厚度为 6.0 μm,耐 1 0 0 g·L- 1 Na Cl溶液和 1 % (体积分数 ) H2 S气体的腐蚀能力较强。     

基于胸腺嘧啶-汞离子-胸腺嘧啶结构和纳米金放大传感器检测汞离子

利用Hg2+与DNA中胸腺嘧啶(T)结合的高度特异性和纳米金在石英晶体微天平(QCM)上的信号放大作用,设计了一种简便灵敏的Hg2+检测方法.纳米金采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备,其表面用末端带巯基的寡核苷酸探针进行自组装修饰,并用6-巯基己-1-醇(MCH)部分取代表面探针,以减少杂交空间位阻.结果表明,寡核苷酸链长为9bp、T个数为7的序列具有较高灵敏度;线性范围为5.0～100 nmol/L;检出限为2.0 nmol/L;Ca2+、Mg2+等其它金属离子无明显干扰.用于环境水样中Hg2+的测定, RSD<2.9%;加标回收率为97.3%～101.2%     

电沉积Fe-W-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的结构与腐蚀行为

采用复合电沉积工艺制备了Fe-W-ZrO₂纳米复合镀层. 分别用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、扫描电子显微镜附带能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、恒电位仪等技术较系统地研究了Fe-W-ZrO₂纳米复合镀层的表面形貌、成分、结构、硬度和耐蚀性. 结果表明, 复合镀层的质量组成为Fe 38.3%(w)、W52.7%(w)、ZrO₂ 9.0%(w) 时, 在ZrO₂纳米粒子的弥散强化作用下, Fe-W非晶合金镀层的裂纹状况得到明显改善, 而且复合镀层成分分布均匀, 组织致密, 结构呈现明显的非晶态特征；复合镀层比Fe-W合金有更高的显微硬度；30 ℃下, Fe-W-ZrO₂纳米复合镀层在3.5%(w)NaCl和0.5 mol·L^-1 H₂SO₄溶液中的耐蚀性较Fe-W非晶合金镀层明显提高.     

巯基改性棉纤维化学镀银导电布的研究

应用正交试验法研究巯基改性棉纤维表面化学镀银的特性,测定各因素对表面方阻和增重率的影响,得出制备化学镀银棉织物的最佳工艺：巯基硅烷浓度1%、改性时间120 min、改性液浴比1:60、硝酸银用量3.5 g、葡萄糖用量45 g、化学镀温度50 ℃、化学镀时间60 min.SEM和XRD分析表明巯基改性棉织物镀层均匀致密,具有良好的电磁屏蔽性.采用透明胶带法测试证实,该镀层结合牢固.     

细胞色素c在2-巯基嘧啶衍生物修饰金电极上的直接电化学

用循环伏安法研究了2-巯基嘧啶(MP)、4-氨基-2-巯基嘧啶(AMP)及4,6-二氨基-2-巯基嘧啶(DAMP)自组装修饰金电极的制备及其对细胞色素c直接电子传递的促进作用。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了2-巯基嘧啶衍生物修饰金电极的表面形貌。细胞色素c在MP、AMP修饰金电极上能进行准可逆的电化学反应,氧化还原峰电位差(ΔEp)分别为61 mV和86 mV,氧化与还原峰电流比ipa/ipc接近1,峰电流与电位扫描速率平方根(v1/2)呈正比,是扩散控制的准可逆过程,异相电子迁移速率常数(Ks)分别为1.4×10-3cm·s-1和5.1×10-5cm·s-1。金电极在2.0 mmol·L-1MP、AMP溶液中分别浸泡3 h和9 h,促进效果较好。随2-巯基嘧啶环上取代氨基数的增加,对细胞色素c电化学反应的促进作用及电极的稳定性逐渐减弱,即MP>AMP,而DAMP基本无促进作用。     

电沉积非晶态Ni-W-B/ZrO_2复合镀层及其结构与性能

在含有二氧化锆的Ni-W-B电解液中,电沉积获得Ni-W-B/ZrO2复合镀层.用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学技术较系统地研究了Ni-W-B/ZrO2复合镀层的电沉积、热处理过程,以及镀层的结构、表面形貌、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能.结果表明,复合镀层的质量组成为Ni47.5%、W40.9%、B0.9%和ZrO210.7%.DSC和XRD结果清楚说明,二氧化锆对基质Ni-W-B镀层的结构有明显影响,使得复合镀层的非晶态结构特征更加明显.复合镀层比Ni-W-B合金有更高的显微硬度,呈现团粒状结构,晶块之间不存在裂纹但晶界清晰可辨;二氧化锆粒子分散于Ni-W-B基质镀层中.400℃、1h热处理后,Ni-W-B基质镀层中W向镀层表面偏析,镀层呈现固溶体晶态结构特征,表面形貌特征基本不变,复合镀层的显微硬度进一步提高,抗腐蚀性能增强,但镀层表层中的二氧化锆粒子大量脱落.     

在离子液体[BMIm][BF_4]中电沉积光亮金镀层（英文）

在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIm][BF_4])中以HAuCl_4·3H_2O为主盐、通过添加5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲(DMH)和胞嘧啶可得到色泽光亮、厚度达1.5μm的金镀层,沉积过程中阴极电流效率可达到100%。SEM和XRD测试结果表明,DMH和胞嘧啶具有细化晶粒、平整镀层的作用。电化学测试结果表明,DMH可分别与Au3+、Au+形成配合物[Au(DMH)4]-、[Au(DMH)2]-,抑制了还原过程的表面转化步骤,从而增加了阴极极化,起到光亮镀层、细化晶粒的作用;胞嘧啶可在金核表面吸附,从而可以进一步光亮镀层、细化晶粒,与DMH有协同作用。循环伏安测试研究了镀液的电化学行为,研究表明在此体系中Au3+的还原为两步还原过程,分别为Au3+→Au+和Au+→Au。此外DMH和胞嘧啶的添加不会带来副反应。     

噻唑类缓蚀剂与青铜器表面粉状锈相互作用的理论研究

利用密度泛函(DFT)、概念DFT和自然键轨道理论(NBO)分析了3种常见的噻唑类缓蚀剂5-氨基-2-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑(AMT)、3-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三氮唑(ATA)和5-乙酰氨基-2-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑(MAcT)及其与青铜器表面粉状锈中CuCl2作用后形成配合物X(X=Ⅰ-Ⅲ)的结构和反应性能.通过计算研究发现,AMT的缓蚀活性最强,与CuCl2之间的相互作用能最大,所形成配合物Ⅰ的二级稳定化能Eij(2)为603.37kJ·mol-1,并且配合物Ⅰ的反应活性最强,相互间形成聚合物的可能性最大.     

表面活性剂对陶瓷基底化学镀镍的作用机理及镀层性能的影响

采用酸性化学镀技术在Al₂O₃陶瓷片表面沉积Ni-P镀层,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱,X射线衍射光谱和扫描电子显微镜等分析测试,对镀层的成分、物相和形貌进行了表征,考察了表面活性剂种类、掺量等因素对镀层表面性貌和性能的影响。结果表明,当添加5 mg·L^-1 SDS时,镀速从14 μm·h^-1增加到17 μm·h^-1,随表面活性剂添加量继续增加,镀速呈减少趋势。添加表面活性剂能够不同程度的消除化学镀Ni-P镀层固有的胞状组织,提高表面致密性和平整性;镀层自腐蚀电流密度从43 μA·cm^-2减小至3.5 μA·cm^-2,镀层的耐腐蚀性能显著提高。根据电化学理论和实验规律,探讨了表面活性剂在化学镀镍磷合金反应过程的影响机理。     

非晶态Ni-W/ZrO2复合镀层的制备、热处理及腐蚀行为

在镍钨合金电解液中, 通过搅拌使二氧化锆固体微粒悬浮, 电沉积制备Ni-W/ZrO2复合镀层. 研究结果表明, 二氧化锆粒子影响复合镀层的电沉积、表面形貌、结构、热处理过程和抗腐蚀性能; 与Ni-W合金的电沉积过程相比, 复合镀层中的W含量和电流效率均降低; 在400 ℃处理1 h后, 嵌入Ni-W本体中的ZrO2粒子脱落, W向镀层表面富集. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示, 复合镀层呈现团粒状形态, 无裂纹. 差示扫描量热(DSC)分析结合X射线(XRD)衍射实验指出, Ni-W/ZrO2复合镀层为非晶态结构. 复合镀层的显微硬度较纳米晶Ni-W合金的高; 热处理后, 复合镀层的显微硬度和在3%氯化钠溶液中的抗腐蚀行为显著增强.     

Mechanical and electrochemical properties of platinum coating by double glow plasma on titanium alloy substrate

In this paper, a platinum coating was deposited on titanium alloy substrate by a double glow plasma. Phase and microstructure of platinum coating were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The microhardness of the coating was estimated by nanoindentation instrument. The adhesive force between the coating and the substrate was performed with scratch tester. The electrochemical behavior of the platinum coating in 3.5 wt % sodium chloride solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicated that an adherent platinum coating could be successfully obtained on titanium alloy substrates. Compared with the titanium alloy substrate, the platinum coating had a relative low corrosion current density and high corrosion potential. It indicated that the platinum coating had a better corrosion resistance than the titanium alloy substrate.     

无电镀镍复合镀层耐蚀性质研究

研究无电镀镍镀层加入钻石微粒或PTFE微粒的均匀分散相 ,所得之复合镀层在 3.5%NaCl水溶液中的电化学分析 ,浸渍试验与临雾试验 ,皆显示复合镀层之耐蚀性低于不含微粒之无电镀镍镀层 .由SEM ,AES ,XRD ,EPMA分析镀层微观组成 ,复合镀层之磷含量分布呈差异性变化 ,磷量较多区域为微阴极 ,磷量较少区域为微阳极 ,复合镀层存在众多微电池组合 ,容易引起电化学伽凡尼腐蚀 ,造成复合镀层耐蚀性降低 ,当镀层微粒含量增加时 ,微粒的惰性保护效果超过微电池效应 ,复合镀层的耐蚀性质才能提高     

利用棋盘格实验直接筛选酶免疫测定的最佳包被抗原和抗体浓度

以两个单克隆抗体及其相应的包被抗原为例,研究了棋盘格实验中包被抗原与抗体浓度组合对免疫检测中0孔吸光度值A0、IC50值和标准曲线斜率的影响.结果发现,A0和IC50值随包被抗原与抗体稀释倍数的增加而降低;斜率随抗体稀释倍数增加而降低,而随包被抗原的稀释倍数增加表现出先增加后降低的趋势.在同一抗体浓度和不同包被抗原浓度的组合中,斜率最大值出现在使板吸附达到饱和的最大稀释倍数的包被抗原浓度附近.综合实验结果确认从棋盘格实验中直接筛选最佳包被抗原、抗体浓度组合的标准是:选择使板吸附达到饱和的最大包被抗原稀释倍数为最佳包被抗原浓度,在不同抗体浓度与已选择的最佳包被抗原浓度组合中使0孔吸光度值达1.0左右的抗体稀释倍数为最佳抗体浓度.     

铝化与白金铝化涂层对MAR-M247镍基超合金之抗热腐蚀性质影响研究

本文研究MAR-M247镍基超合金表面经铝化涂层或白金铝化涂层处理后,其热腐蚀效应对腐蚀速率与显微组织之影响,并藉试片质量增加量的变化评估抗热腐蚀的能力.铝化涂层之主要组成为-βN iA l相,而白金铝化涂层表面的主要组成为PtA l2相,利用盐喷覆法将Na2SO4被覆在试片表面,置于热处理炉中观测其热腐蚀性.实验得知,铝化涂层和白金铝化涂层均可明显抑制MAR-M247的热腐蚀,且后者之效果更明显,此两种涂层在910℃之Na2SO4环境中的抗蚀性均较MAR-M247合金为佳.     

The effect of inorganic particles on slot die coating of poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions

Among various coating processes, slot die coating belongs to a class of pre-metered coating, in which the coating film thickness can be predetermined. In the past, most research works on slot die coating have focused mainly on polymer solutions; very little information is available using suspensions as coating fluids. In this study, the effect of adding TiO2 and SiO2 in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions on slot die coating is investigated. It was found that the stable coating window was enlarged with the addition of particles, and its size increased with solids concentration. This is due to the strong interaction between polymer and particles, resulting in a higher viscosity and surface tension. As a result, the upstream coating bead is more stable and the maximum coating speed is extended to a high value, hence the coating window becomes larger. Although both viscosity and surface tension appear to contribute to the stability of coating flow, the effect of surface tension is more dominant. The surface tension of a suspension with porous particles was higher than one with hard solid particles. Consequently, the coating window obtained with the former was significantly larger than the latter. Flow visualization revealed that under the same operating conditions, the upstream dynamic contact angle for the suspension was smaller than for the aqueous polymer solution. This observation could be related to the stability of the upstream coating bead, and hence the coating window. The experimental flow fields were verified numerically with the aid of a numerical simulation package (Flow-3D).     

荧光素掺杂的溶胶凝胶SiO2/甲基硅油复合薄膜的制备和光谱特性

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法制备了掺杂荧光素(FL)的SiO₂/甲基硅油(MSO)复合薄膜,并且测定了这种薄膜的光谱特性.实验表明,荧光素掺杂的SiO₂薄膜在350nm~450nm波长范围内激发,在520nm附近有最强的荧光发射峰;与常规SiO₂膜相比较,SiO₂/甲基硅油(MSO)复合薄膜的荧光发射强度可增加50%;在70℃下的加速老化实验表明,常规SiO₂薄膜20天后开始出现严重的荧光猝灭现象,而复合膜放置一个月后荧光强度仅下降了15%.     

Micropore formation mechanism in iridium coating after high‐temperature treatment

Noble metal iridium is of great interest for high‐temperature applications and extreme environments. A high (110)‐oriented iridium coating was prepared by a double glow plasma process on the surface of niobium substrate. The morphology and composition of the coating were determined by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The phase of the coating was identified by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The misorientation angle distributions of grains on the surface and cross section of the coating were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction system. The uniform and pure iridium coating consisted of the submicrometer‐sized columnar grains with high‐angle boundary. The mean misorientation angles on the surface and cross section of the coating were 38.6° and 45.6°, respectively. After high‐temperature treatment, the coating was composed of equiaxed grains with distinct grain boundaries. Micropores appeared on the fracture surface of the coating. The micropore formation mechanism in Ir coating after high‐temperature treatment was investigated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CeO2对等离子喷涂Cr2O3涂层抗热震性的影响

在Ｃｒ２Ｏ３陶瓷粉末中添加不同量的ＣｅＯ２,探讨ＣｅＯ２对等离子喷涂涂层抗热震性的影响,认为涂层的热震失效机制是在循环应力作用下发生在陶瓷层／粘结层界面的疲劳失效。在等离子喷涂Ｃｒ２Ｏ３涂层中添加３％ＣｅＯ２后,热震超裂寿命及失效寿命均得到明显提高。适量的ＣｅＯ２使微型裂纹呈现网状分布于涂层薄片内,具有释放涂层内应力的作用,可延缓裂纹的起裂和扩展,并使涂层内贯穿性孔洞减少,从而显著提高涂层的抗热震     

Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Property of Iridium Coating Produced by Double Glow Plasma

Ir is the most interesting as an effective oxygen diffusion barrier for super high-temperature structural materials. In this study, an Ir coating, approximately 7 μm thick, was deposited onto Mo substrate by double glow plasma at substrate temperature of about 1,120 K in an argon atmosphere. The crystal orientation, morphology and mechanical property of the Ir coating were investigated by XRD, SEM, AFM, TEM, nanoindentation and scratch test. The results indicated that the (220)-oriented Ir coating was composed of the columnar grains. The surface roughness of the Ir coating was higher than that of the substrate. The hardness and the elastic modulus of the Ir coating were about 9.5 and 340 GPa, respectively. The coating had a high hardness due to the sub-micrometer size grains. The coating had good scratch resistance due to the strong adhesion of the coating to the substrate.     

达克罗涂层的腐蚀动力学行为研究

达克罗涂层以高耐蚀性、无废水排放、无氢脆等优良性能而成为表面处理行业的一项高新技术[1] 。这种涂层由微细的鳞片状金属锌和以三价铬氧化物为主的粘合物构成 ,并以膜层的整体铬酸盐化为基本特征。近年来 ,我们采用动电位扫描法、恒电流法和快速三角波等多种电化学测试方法对其腐蚀动力学行为进行了研究 ,分析达克罗涂层的高耐蚀性的成因 ;同时从腐蚀电化学角度探讨用硼酸部分取代铬酸配制处理液能明显改善涂层在淡水中的耐蚀性 的机制。1　实验部分1 1　处理液的配制和涂层的制备所用试剂包括 :铬酸酐 (ＡＲ) ,硼酸 (ＡＲ) ,二丙醇 (…