茜素红S/多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极阳极溶出伏安法测定痕量铜

制备了茜素红S/多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极,提出了一种灵敏的溶出伏安法测定痕量铜的新方法.在极谱分析仪上采用二阶导数线性扫描伏安法进行分析,在0.1 moL/L的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(pH 4.1)中,Cu与修饰电极表面的茜素红S(ARS)形成Cu(Ⅱ)-ARS络合物而富集于电极表面,于-400 mV处还原后,再进行阳极化扫描,于64 mV处获得一灵敏的铜的阳极溶出峰,峰电流与Cu(Ⅱ)浓度在2×10-11 mol/L～6×10-7 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3) 为8.0×10-12 mol/L(富集时间240 s).方法应用于人发中铜含量的测定,回收率为98%～102%.     

聚吖啶红修饰玻碳电极在抗坏血酸共存时测定肾上腺素

研究了聚吖啶红修饰玻碳电极的制备及肾上腺素在此修饰电极上的电化学行为。在pH7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,肾上腺素在修饰电极上呈现3个峰,一个还原峰和两个氧化峰,其峰电位随着pH的增加而负移。肾上腺素浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol L的范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,回归方程为ip(10μA)=1.160 0.4390c(mol L),相关系数r=0.9981,检出限为1.0×10-7mol L。实验结果表明:该修饰电极能有效消除抗坏血酸的干扰,方法用于注射液中肾上腺素的检测,其回收率在93.7%～100.3%范围内。     

多巴胺和抗坏血酸在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/碳纳米管电极上的检测

研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)/多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极的制备以及多巴胺和抗坏血酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。在CTMAB和多壁碳纳米管的协同作用下,该修饰电极对多巴胺和抗坏血酸均具有显著的催化氧化作用,多巴胺和抗坏血酸的氧化峰电位分别为223mV和15mV,实现了在抗坏血酸共存时测定多巴胺。在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,多巴胺和抗坏血酸的线性范围分别为2.0×10-6～2.0×10-3mol/L和4.0×10-5～1.0×10-2mol/L,检出限分别为6.0×10-7mol/L和1.0×10-5mol/L。     

对乙酞氨基酚和色氨酸存在下采用改进的碳纳米管糊电极伏安法测定抗坏血酸(英文)

A carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with carbon nanotubes and 5‐amino‐3’,4’‐dimethyl‐ bi‐ phenyl‐2‐ol (5ADB) is prepared. Under the optimum pH of 7.0, the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) on the modified CPE occurs at a potential about 280 mV less positive than that on the unmodified CPE. Some kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for electrocatalytic oxidation of AA, including electron transfer coefficient (α = 0.58) and diffusion coefficient (D = 2.2 × 10-6 cm2/s), are also determined. AA, acetaminophen (AC), and tryptophan (TRP) were detected simultaneously using the modified CPE. The peak potentials recorded using the modified CPE in phosphate‐buffered solution at pH 7.0 were 265, 465, and 780 mV for AA, AC, and TRP, respectively. The modified CPE was successfully used to determine the concentrations of AA, AC, and TRP in real samples.     

A quercetin-modified biosensor for amperometric determination of uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid

The present work reports a quercetin-modified wax-impregnated graphite electrode (Qu/WGE) prepared through an electrochemical oxidation procedure in quercetin-containing phosphate buffer solution (PBS), for the purpose of detecting uric acid (UA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). During modification quercetin was oxidized to the corresponding quinonic structure, and in the blank buffer solution the electrodeposited film exhibits a voltammetric response anticipated for the surface-immobilized quercetin. Retarding effect of the film towards the reaction of anionic species was found; therefore the pH of sample solutions was selected to ensure the analyte in molecular form. At suitable pHs the Qu/WGE shows excellent electrocatalytic effect towards the oxidation of both AA and UA, and separates the voltammetric signal of UA from AA by about 280 mV, allowing simultaneous detection of these two species. A linear relation between the peak current and concentration was obtained for UA in the range of 1-50 μM in the presence of 0.5 mM AA, with a detection limit 1.0 μM (S/N = 3). This sensor was stable, reproducible and outstanding for long-term use.     

Simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine at poly(pyrocatechol violet)/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film modified electrode

A sensitive and selective electrochemical method was developed for simultaneous determination of uric acid (UA), xanthine (XA) and hypoxanthine (HX) based on a poly (pyrocatechol violet)/carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film modified electrode. The preparation and basic electrochemical performance of the novel composite film modified glassy carbon electrode were investigated in details. The electrochemical behaviors of UA, XA and HX at the modified electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that this new electrochemical sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of the three analytes. The mechanism of catalysis was discussed. The anodic peaks of the three species were well defined with lowered oxidation potential and enhanced oxidation peak currents, so the modified electrode was used for simultaneous voltammetric measurement of UA, XA and HX by differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits were 0.16 μmol L(-1) for UA, 0.05 μmol L(-1) for XA and 0.20 μmol L(-1) for HX, respectively (S/N of 3). The proposed method has been successfully applied to simultaneous determination of UA, XA and HX in human serum samples.     

Multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode for selective voltammetric detection of isoniazid

A multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode (MWCPE) is prepared as an electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity in responding to isoniazid. The electrochemical oxidation of isoniazid is investigated in buffered solution by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. The electrode is shown to be very effective for the detection of isoniazid in the presence of other biological reductant compounds. The electrochemical oxidation of cysteine, due to the high overvoltage, is completely stopped at the surface of MWCPE. The electrode exhibits a very good resolution between the voltammetric peak of isoniazid and the peaks of ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA). A resolution of more than 450 mV between the anodic peak potentials makes the MWCPE suitable for simultaneous detection of isoniazid in the presence of AA or DA in clinical and pharmaceutical preparations. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is applied as a sensitive method for the determination of isoniazid. The linear range in these determinations is 1 × 10⁻⁶–1 × 10⁻³ M for isoniazid and the detection limit is 5 × 10⁻⁷ M. The electrode was applied to the simultaneous determinations in isoniazid and AA mixtures and also, isoniazid and DA mixture over a wide concentration range. The slope variation for the calibration curves of isoniazid (RSD) was less than 4.5% (based on ten measurements over a period of three months).     

Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of mercury using multi-walled carbon nanotubes film coated glassy carbon electrode

An electrochemical method for the determination of trace levels of mercury based on a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) film coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is described. In 0.1 mol L^–1 HCl solution containing 0.02 mol L^–1 KI, Hg²⁺ was firstly preconcentrated at the MWNT film and then reduced at –0.60 V. During the anodic potential sweep, reduced mercury was oxidized, and then a sensitive and well-defined stripping peak at about –0.20 V appeared. Under identical conditions, a MWNT film coated GCE greatly enhances the stripping peak current of mercury in contrast to a bare GCE. Low concentrations of I^– remarkably improve the determining sensitivity, since this increases the accumulation efficiency of Hg²⁺ at the MWNT film coated GCE. The stripping peak current is proportional to the concentration of Hg²⁺ over the range 8×10^–10–5×10^–7 mol L^–1. The lowest detectable concentration of Hg²⁺ is 2×10^–10 mol L^–1 at 5 min accumulation. The relative standard deviation (RSD) at 1×10^–8 mol L^–1 Hg²⁺ was about 6% (n=10). By using this proposed method, Hg²⁺ in some water samples was determined, and the results were compared with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The two results are similar, suggesting that the MWNT-film coated GCE has great potential in practical analysis.     

Simultaneous determination of tryptophan, uric acid and ascorbic acid at iron(III) doped zeolite modified carbon paste electrode

A new chemically modified electrode is constructed based on iron(III) doped zeolite modified carbon paste electrode (Fe(3+)Y/ZCME). The electrode was evaluated as a sensor for sub-micromolar determination of tryptophan (Trp), uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in aqueous solutions. The measurements were carried out by application of the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method in phosphate buffer solution with pH 3.5. Iron(III) loaded in zeolite can increase anodic peak currents by adsorption of Trp, UA and AA on electrode surface The analytical performance was evaluated with respect to the carbon paste composition, pH of solution, accumulation time and accumulation potential. The prepared electrode shows voltammetric responses with high sensitivity and selectivity for Trp, UA and AA in optimal conditions, which makes it very suitable for simultaneous determination of these compounds. The linear calibration range for AA in the presence of 50muM UA and 50muM Trp was 0.6muM to 100muM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992, and a detection limit of 0.21muM (S/N=3). A linear relationship was found for UA in the range of 0.3-700muM containing 10muM AA and 50muM Trp, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9990 and a detection limit of 0.08muM. The linear calibration range for Trp in the presence of 10muM AA and 50muM UA was 0.2-150muM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996, and a detection limit of 0.06muM. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination Trp, UA and AA in biological systems and pharmaceutical samples.     

Simultaneous determination of epinephrine, uric acid and xanthine in the presence of ascorbic acid using an ultrathin polymer film of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol modified electrode

This paper describes the simultaneous determination of epinephrine (EP), uric acid (UA) and xanthine (XN) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) using electropolymerized ultrathin film of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (p-ATT) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 5). Although bare GC electrode resolves the voltammetric signals of AA and XN, it fails to resolve the voltammetric signals of EP and UA in a mixture. However, the p-ATT modified electrode not only separates the voltammetric signals of AA, EP, UA and XN with potential difference of 150, 120 and 400 mV between AA-EP, EP-UA and UA-XN, respectively but also shows higher oxidation current for these molecules. The p-ATT modified electrode exhibits excellent selectivity towards the oxidation of EP, UA and XN in the presence of 40-fold higher concentration of AA. Further, the p-ATT modified electrode was also used for the selective determination of EP in the presence of 40-fold higher concentrations of AA, UA and XN. Using amperometric method, we achieved the lowest detection of 40 nM EP and 60 nM each UA and XN. The amperometric current response was increased linearly with increasing EP concentration in the range of 4.0 × 10⁻⁸ to 4.0 × 10⁻⁵ M and the detection limit was found to be 27 × 10⁻¹¹ M (S/N = 3). The practical application of the present modified electrode was demonstrated by determining the concentration of EP in epinephrine tartrate injection and XN in human urine samples.     

One step fabrication of nanoelectrode ensembles formed via amphiphilic block copolymers self-assembly and selective voltammetric detection of uric acid in the presence of high ascorbic acid content

A novel one-step approach to glassy carbon nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs) with the pores of 20-120 nm in radii has been developed using an amphiphilic block copolymer [polystyrene-block-poly (acrylic acid)] self-assembly. This procedure is simple and fast, and requires only conventional, inexpensive electrochemical instrumentation. Electrochemical methods were used to characterize the NEEs prepared using this new procedure. The NEEs drastically suppressed the response of ascorbic acid (AA) and resolved the overlapping voltammetric response of uric acid (UA) and AA into two well-defined peaks with a large anodic peak difference (ΔE_pa) of about 310 mV. The peak current obtained from differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was linearly dependent on the UA concentration in the range of 0.25-50 μM at neutral pH (PBS, pH 6.86) with a correlation coefficient of 0.999, and the detection limit was 0.04 μM (S/N = 3). The NEEs has also been demonstrated to be applicable in the detection of UA in serum and urine samples with excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The NEEs will hopefully be of good application for further sensor development.     

尿酸和叶酸存在下改性碳纳米管糊电极上多巴胺电催化氧化MohammadMazloum-Ardakani,MahboobeAbolhasani,Bibi-FatemehMirjalili,MohammadAliSheikh-Mohseni,AfsanehDehghani-Firouzabadi,AlirezaKhoshroo简

A chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CPE), consisting of 2,2''-[(1E)-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene)] bis(methanylylidene)]bis(benzene-1,4-diol) (PBD) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), was used to study the electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). First, the electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode was investigated in buffer solution. Then the diffusion coefficient, electrocatalytic rate constant, and electron-transfer coefficient for dopamine oxidation at the surface of the PBD-modified CNT paste electrode were determined using electrochemical approaches. It was found that under optimum conditions (pH = 7.0), the oxidation of dopamine at the surface of such an electrode occurred at about 200 mV, lower than that of an unmodified CPE. DPV of dopamine at the modified electrode exhibited two linear dynamic ranges, with a detection limit of 1.0 μmol/L. Finally, DPV was used successfully for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid, and folic acid at the modified electrode, and detection limits of 1.0, 1.2, and 2.7 μmol/L were obtained for dopamine, uric acid, and folic acid, respectively. This method was also used for the determination of dopamine in a pharmaceutical preparation using the standard addition method.     

水合肼在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

报道了水合肼在碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为以及水合肼测定的新方法。与裸玻碳电极相比,多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极使水合肼的氧化峰电流显著提高,同时氧化过电位降低,测定灵敏度大为提高。优化了底液、pH、修饰剂量等测定条件。在最佳条件下,该修饰电极测定水合肼的线性范围为2.9×10-8~9.8×10-4mol/L,线性相关系数为-0.9945,检出限为1.0×10-9mol/L。对1.0×10-4mol/L的水合肼平行测定10次的相对标准偏差为4.4%。此方法已用于模拟水样中水合肼的测定。     

Simultaneous determination of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid at poly (Evans Blue) modified glassy carbon electrode

A sensitive and selective electrochemical method for the determination of dopamine using an Evans Blue polymer film modified on glassy carbon electrode was developed. The Evans blue polymer film modified electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of dopamine in phosphate buffer solution (pH 4.5). The linear range of 1.0 x 10(-6)-3.0 x 10(-5) M and detection limit of 2.5 x 10(-7) M were observed in pH 4.5 phosphate buffer solutions. The interference studies showed that the modified electrode exhibits excellent selectivity in the presence of large excess of ascorbic acid and uric acid. The separation of the oxidation peak potentials for dopamine-ascorbic acid and dopamine-uric acid were about 182 mV and 180 mV, respectively. The differences are large enough to determine AA, DA and UA individually and simultaneously. This work provides a simple and easy approach to selectively detect dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid in physiological samples.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰碳黑微电极同时测定多巴胺和抗坏血酸

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰碳黑微电极,研究了多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.实验表明,在pH 7.0的PBS缓冲溶液中,该修饰电极对DA和从均具有显著的催化氧化作用,AA与DA的氧化电位分别为30 mV和280 mV(vs.SCE).利用二次导数线性扫描伏安法测定,DA与AA的线性范围分别为6.0×10-9～2.0×10-4 mol/L和2.0×10-7～1.0×10-3mol/L,检出限为2.0×10-9mol/L 和1.0×10-7mol/L.方法已用于人工合成样品的分析.     

Sensitive voltammetric determination of tyrosine using multi-walled carbon nanotubes/4-aminobenzeresulfonic acid film-coated glassy carbon electrode

A chemically modified electrode is constructed based on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/4-aminobenzeresulfonic acid (4-ABSA) film-coated glassy carbon electrode. The electrocatalytic oxidation of tyrosine (Tyr) is investigated on the surface of the MWNTs/4-ABSA-modified electrode using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The prepared modified electrode shows voltammetric responses with high sensitivity and selectivity for Tyr in optimal conditions, which makes it very suitable for sub-micromolar detection of Tyr. A sensitive oxidation peak at +0.64 V is employed to determine Tyr. Good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and the Tyr concentration in the range of 1 × 10⁻⁷ to 5 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L is obtained in phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.0. By use of modified electrode, the voltammetric detection limit for Tyr in DPV measurements is 8 × 10⁻⁸ mol/L (S/N = 3). Good sensitivity, selectivity and stability of the low-cost modified electrode make it very suitable for the determination of trace amounts of Tyr in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations.     

基于纳米结构的电化学传感器用于伏安法测定苄丝肼、尿酸和叶酸(英文)

A carbon paste electrode modified with carbon nanotubes and ferrocene was fabricated.An electrochemical study of the modified electrode and an investigation into its efficiency for the electrocatalytic oxidation of benserazide,uric acid and folic acid were undertaken.The electrode was also used to study the electrocatalytic oxidation of benserazide using cyclic voltammetry,chronoamperometry,and square wave voltammetry(SWV).We found that the oxidation of benserazide at the surface of the modified electrode occurs at a potential about 285 mV lower than that of unmodified carbon paste electrode.SWV gave a linear dynamic range from 8.0×10-7 to 7.0×10 4 mol/L.The detection limit was 1.0×10-7 mol/L for benserazide.This modified electrode was used for the determination of benserazide,uric acid,and folic acid in an urine sample.     

A selective voltammetric method for uric acid detection at Nafion(R)-coated carbon paste electrodes

A square-wave voltammetric method together with Nafion®-coated carbon paste electrodes were used for the selective determination of uric acid in the presence of a high concentration of ascorbic acid. Since the oxidation potential of uric acid is about 200 mV more positive than that of ascorbic acid at the Nafion®-coated carbon paste electrode, the selectivity can be greatly improved simply by applying an electrolysis potential of +0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl where only ascorbic acid is oxidised. The acceptable tolerance of ascorbic acid concentration for the determination of uric acid is as high as 1.5 mM. With 30 s of electrolysis time, a linear calibration curve is obtained over the 0–50 μM range in 0.05 M citrate buffer solution, pH 4.0, with slope (μA/μM) and correlation coefficient of 0.34 and 0.9984, respectively. The detection limit (3σ) is 0.25 μM. The practical analytical utility is illustrated by selective measurements of uric acid in human urine without any preliminary treatment.     

Voltammetric behavior of urapidil and its determination at multi-wall carbon nanotube paste electrode

The voltammetric behavior of urapidil was investigated. In pH 6.8 Britton-Robinson buffer, an irreversible oxidation peak of urapidil at 0.62 V (versus SCE) at a multi-wall carbon nanotube paste electrode (MWNT-PE) was observed, which was more sensitive with lower potential than that at the carbon paste electrode (CPE). The oxidation of urapidil was a two-electron and two-proton process with adsorption character. A differential pulse voltammetric method was proposed for the determination of urapidil. The peak current of the oxidation peak of urapidil was linearly with its concentration in a range from 5.0 × 10⁻⁸ to 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L at open-circuit accumulation for 60 s, with a detection limit of 3.8 × 10⁻⁸ mol/L. The proposed method was employed to determine urapidil in urapidil tablets.     

聚磺基水杨酸/碳纳米管修饰电极在抗坏血酸共存时测定多巴胺

研究了聚磺基水杨酸/多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极的制备及多巴胺在此修饰电极上的电化学行为, 讨论了修饰条件、扫速、溶液 pH 以及抗坏血酸的干扰对多巴胺在这种复合物电极上响应的影响. 在 pH 7.4 磷酸盐缓冲溶液中, 在1.0×10-3 mol/L 抗坏血酸共存的条件下, 多巴胺氧化峰电流与其浓度在 5×10-7～10-4 mol/L 范围内分段呈线性关系, 检出限为 1.0×10-7 mol/L. 结果表明: 聚磺基水杨酸/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极结合了多壁碳纳米管灵敏度高和聚磺基水杨酸选择性好的优点, 可用于抗坏血酸共存条件下多巴胺的测定.