有关复合材料迭层板平面响应的理论

为了准确地分析迭层板的平面响应，本文建立了一种以Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ的新的混合变分原理为基础的迭层板剪切变形理论。将一阶剪切变形理论的平面位移叠加一项交错线性数函数平模拟平面位移沿厚度的变化，为保证层间应力的连续性，将横向剪切应力处理成厚度从标的二次函数。将该理论具体实施到迭层的柱形弯曲问题中，理论解与Ｐａｇａｎｏ的精确解比较的结果说明了本文的迭层板理论对于分析平面响应是非常有效的。     

位移模式对Cross—PLY矩形板热弹性响应的影响

本文建立了以Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ混合变分原理为基础的迭层板剪切变形理论来求解Ｃｒｏｓｓ－ＰＬＹ矩形板的热弯曲问题，用二种方式来模拟平面位移沿厚度的变化：将一阶剪切变形理论的平面位移叠加一项交错线性函数；设平面位移是分线性连续函数。为保证层间应力的连续性，将横向剪切应力处理成厚度坐标的二次函数，温度沿厚度线性变化。通过对称及反对称Ｃｒｏｓｓ－ＰＬＹ矩形板的热应力及挠度分析比较，指出了位移模式对热弹性响应     

压电复合材料层板柱面弯曲的精化理论

本研究旨在建立精确的压电复合材料层板理论。位移场和电势场采用近似表达，其沿板厚的分布通过构造高精度的位移分布函数和电势分布函数来描述。这两个函数由三雏弹性平衡方程和静电平衡方程的特解来导出，从而满足复杂的力电耦合关系和各类连续条件，保证了本文理论的高精度。本文理论仅涉及4个位移和电势变量，且不随层数的增加而增多，较之变量随层数而增多的分层理论简单得多，平衡方程形式简单；也便于发展成有限元等数值模型。通过与三维精确解比较，算例显示了本文理论的高精度和有效性。     

位移模式对Cross－PLY矩形板热弹性响应的影响

本文建立了以Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ混合变分原理为基础的迭层板剪切变形理论来求解Ｃｒｏｓｓ－ＰＬＹ矩形板的热弯曲问题，用二种方式来模拟平面位移沿厚度的变化：将一阶剪切变形理论的平面位移叠加一项交错线性函数；设平面住移是分段线性连续函数。为保证层间应力的连续性，将横向剪切应力处理成厚度坐标的二次函数，温度沿厚度线性变化。通过对称及反对称Ｃｒｏｓｓ－ＰＬＹ矩形板的热应力及挠度分析比较，指出了位移模式对热弹性响应的影响。     

层合厚板混合状态Hamiltonian动力元及其半解析解

文中在时间方向采用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换，给出了层合厚板动力学问题混合状态Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ正则方程及其半解析法．该方法在层板平面内采用通常的有限元离散，而沿板厚方向采用状态控制方程给出解析解答．在层与层之间采用迁移矩阵法，给出层合板上下表面力学量之间的关系式．利用打靶法得到响应在象空间的一般解，然后再利用拉氏逆变换的数值解求出层合板的瞬时位移场和应力场．     

机械荷载与热荷载共同作用下变厚度梁的热弹性力学解

本文研究了两端简支变厚度梁受机械荷载与热荷载共同作用下的热弹性力学解.温度场用调和级数展开,通过求解热传导方程可首先确定温度沿梁厚度方向的非线性分布情况.从二维热弹性力学理论的基本方程出发,导出满足控制微分方程和两端简支边界条件的位移函数的一般解,对上下表面的边界方程作傅立叶正弦级数展开确定待定系数,数值结果与商业有限元软件ANSYS进行了比较,显示出很高的精度.本文方法可直接应用于对应力和位移分析要求较高的工程问题,如航空航天和微型机械的设计.     

绕径旋转横观各向同性圆球壳的变形和应力分析

本文用三维弹性力学理论研究绕径旋转横观各向同性圆球壳的变形和应力分布，给出任意厚度圆球壳的位移和应务的封闭形式解以及数值结果。研究表明球壳上的位移和应力大小与旋转角速度的平方成正比，球面内的正应力远大于径向正应力和剪应力。     

均布荷载作用下功能梯度简支梁弯曲的解析解

利用应力函数半逆解法,研究了均布载荷作用下、材料属性在厚度上任意变化的功能梯度简支梁弯曲的解析解,给出了各向应力应变与位移的解析显式表达式.首先根据平面应力状态的基本方程,得出了功能梯度梁的应力函数应满足的偏微分方程,并根据应力边界条件得出了各应力分布的表达式;进而根据功能梯度材料的本构方程和位移边界条件,得出了应变和位移的分布.最后,通过将本文的解退化到均质各向同性梁并与经典弹性解比较,证明了本文理论的正确性,并求解了材料组分呈幂律分布的功能梯度梁的应力和位移分布,分析了上下表层材料的弹性模量比λ与组分材料体积分数指数n对应力和位移分布的影响.     

Bingham流体在旋转圆盘上流动的数值解

导出了描述Ｂｉｎｇｈａｍ流体在旋转圆盘上流动的基本方程，用差分方法数值解薄膜厚度分布方程，得到二种类型的厚度分布。数值解分别和计算机磁盘的厚度分布，Ｊｅｎｅｋｈｅ等的实验结果定性一致。     

非平面应变状态下的叠层厚壁筒

抛弃任何有关位移或应力模式的人为假设，在轴对称情况下，导出正交异性厚壁筒的状态方程。在沿筒轴方向任意分布的轴对称荷载下，给出叠层厚壁筒静力问题的精确解。此解满足所有弹性力学基本方程，包含了全部弹性常数，可满足任意精度要求。数值结果和ＳＡＰ５有限元解进行了对比。     

双层石墨烯系统稳态受迫振动问题中的辛方法

针对悬臂石墨烯系统提出一种求解其稳态受迫振动问题的辛解析方法。基于Eringen非局部理论,将石墨烯层板受迫振动问题导入哈密顿体系。采用边界条件分解技术,将问题化为三种边界条件的子问题。通过辛解析方法,得到由辛本征值和辛本征解表示的双层石墨烯系统受迫振动问题的解析解表达式。数值结果表明,辛本征解级数具有很好的收敛性和精度,并与文献结果吻合;在一定的外载激励下可发生同向振动模式和反向振动模式;在一定的参数下,得到一些新的现象和结论。     

环扇形薄板弯曲问题的环向辛对偶求解方法

根据平面弹性与薄板弯曲问题的相似性原理,极坐标系板弯曲的弯矩函数被引入作为原变量,并通过恰当的辛内积定义建立了环扇形薄板弯曲问题的一个辛几何空间. 然后应用类Hellinger-Reissner变分原理,导出了辛几何空间的对偶方程,从而将环扇形薄板弯曲问题导入到辛对偶求解体系. 于是,分离变量和本征展开的有效数学物理方法得以实施,给出环扇形薄板弯曲问题的一个分析求解方法. 具体讨论了两弧边简支和两弧边一边固支一边自由薄板的本征问题,分别导出它们对应的本征值超越方程和本征向量,并给出原问题本征展开形式的通解. 最后,给出了两个算例的分析解并与已有文献或数值方法的解进行了对比,结果表明该方法有很好的收敛性和精度.      

Approximated-asymptotic solution of the complex variable equation of toroidal shells under axial symmetric loads

The series-approach and the asymptotic-approach are usually used to solve the complex variable equation of the toroidal shells under axial symmetric loads. As is known, the convergence of the series-solution is good only for small values of . On the other hand, the convergence of the asymptotic solution is good only for large values of μ. In this paper, based on an earlier work^[1], a new approach which may be called the approximated-asymptotic solution has been developed and it is valid for both small and large values of μ. It is shown that the results of the approximated-asymptotic solution for toroidal shell with μ=0.5 coincide very well with those of the series-solution, while the results of the asymptotic solution for this value of μ are not as good, and the results of the approximated-asymptotic solution for μ=15 agree with those of the asymptotic solution. This work has been carried out under the direction of Professor Zhang Wei.     

Nonlinear vibrations of cantilevered circular cylindrical shells in contact with quiescent fluid

Large-amplitude vibrations of liquid-filled cantilevered (clamped–free) circular cylindrical tanks are studied theoretically for the first time. The influence of liquid height and initial geometric imperfections is investigated in detail. The tank motions are described by a nonlinear model based on Flügge׳s shell theory, and the liquid motions are modelled by means of linearized potential flow theory. Equations of motion are obtained using the extended Hamilton׳s principle and are discretized by expanding the solution with trigonometric functions in the circumferential direction and the cantilevered beam eigenfunctions in the axial direction. The geometric boundary conditions are satisfied exactly, while the natural ones are satisfied in an energy minimization sense. The system is integrated numerically by employing the appropriate modal composition of the solution to guarantee convergence. Results are presented in the form of frequency–response curves in the neighbourhood of the lowest natural frequency. It is found that the response may be of softening or hardening type, depending on the liquid height and the imperfection parameters.     

Plane hybrid stress elements for 3D analysis of moderately thick solids subjected to loading symmetric to midsurface

Plane semi-analytical hybrid stress elements are formulated from the 3D Hellinger–Reissner principle for modelling moderately thick structural components with and without hollows subjected to loadings symmetric to the midsurface. These components possess symmetry in the thickness direction but could not be idealised as either plane stress or plane strain problems. 3D displacement and stress fields conforming to the exact plane stress solution are assumed and normal stresses on the surfaces parallel to the thickness direction are nullified. These 2D elements possess good convergence characteristics and simulate the 3D behaviour of solids whose stress free surfaces exhibit negligible out-of-plane distortion with good level of accuracy comparable to 3D analyses by ABAQUS.     

各向异性矩形板和环扇形板横向自由振动的一种通用解法

提出各向异性矩形板和环扇形板在弹性边界约束下横向自由振动的通用解法。对于各向异性环扇形板，引入径向对数坐标简化其基本理论。两种不同形状板的几何参数和势能可建立统一的表达式，基于改进Fourier级数和Hamilton原理，从而实现板自由振动问题的统一求解。两种形状板自由振动问题的通用解法具有广泛适用性、高精度和高效性。其收敛性和精度得益于位移的改进Fourier级数的表达，可消除初始横向位移函数及其导数在整个区域内的潜在不连续。所提方法的这些特征通过若干数值算例得到验证。     

Development of a convection–diffusion‐reaction magnetohydrodynamic solver on non‐staggered grids

This paper presents a convection–diffusion‐reaction (CDR) model for solving magnetic induction equations and incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. For purposes of increasing the prediction accuracy, the general solution to the one‐dimensional constant‐coefficient CDR equation is employed. For purposes of extending this discrete formulation to two‐dimensional analysis, the alternating direction implicit solution algorithm is applied. Numerical tests that are amenable to analytic solutions were performed in order to validate the proposed scheme. Results show good agreement with the analytic solutions and high rate of convergence. Like many magnetohydrodynamic studies, the Hartmann–Poiseuille problem is considered as a benchmark test to validate the code. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用杂交边界点法分析简支薄板的热弯曲问题

该文利用杂交边界点法对简支薄板的热弹性弯曲进行了分析计算.采用薄板的热弹性理论,通过薄板的修正变分原理建立了各向同性薄板的边界局部积分方程,域内变量使用基本解插值,而边界上的变量则用移动最小二乘法近似.计算时仅需边界上离散点的信息,无论变量近似还是数值积分都不需要网格,因此该方法是一种纯边界类型无网格方法.数值算例表明,杂交边界点法在分析薄板的热弯曲问题时具有效率高、精度高和收敛性好等优点.     

Optimum Aerodynamic Design Using the Navier–Stokes Equations

This paper describes the formulation of optimization techniques based on control theory for aerodynamic shape design in viscous compressible flow, modeled by the Navier–Stokes equations. It extends previous work on optimization for inviscid flow. The theory is applied to a system defined by the partial differential equations of the flow, with the boundary shape acting as the control. The Fréchet derivative of the cost function is determined via the solution of an adjoint partial differential equation, and the boundary shape is then modified in a direction of descent. This process is repeated until an optimum solution is approached. Each design cycle requires the numerical solution of both the flow and the adjoint equations, leading to a computational cost roughly equal to the cost of two flow solutions. The cost is kept low by using multigrid techniques, in conjunction with preconditioning to accelerate the convergence of the solutions. The power of the method is illustrated by designs of wings and wing–body combinations for long range transport aircraft. Satisfactory designs are usually obtained with 20–40 design cycles. Received 5 February 1997 and accepted 30 May 1997