On Gauss quadrature formulas with equal weights

Summary It is well known that the Chebyshev weight function (1–x ²)^–1/2 is the only weight function (up to a linear transformation) for which then point Gauss quadrature formula has equal weights for alln. In this paper we describe all weight functions for which thenm point Gauss quadrature formula has equal weights for alln, wherem is fixed.     

Subsets with Restricted Movement

Let G be a finite permutation group on a set with no fixed points in and let m and k be integers with 0 < m < k. For a finite subset of the movement of is defined as move() = max_gG| ^g \ |. Suppose further that G is not a 2-group and that p is the least odd prime dividing |G| and move() m for all k-element subsets of . Then either || k + m or k (7m – 5) / 2, || (9m – 3)/2. Moreover when || > k + m, then move() m for every subset of .     

An honest stiff tree-like algebra

We construct in ZFC a compactificationb of integers such that the Boolean algebra Clopen(b) is tree-like and every one-to-one continuous mapping as well as every continuous onto mapping fromb tob is a homeomorphism, and every homeomorphism fromb onto itself is identity at all except finitely many points from .Presented by J. Mycielski.The research was supported by the grant GAUK 350.The author owes sincere thanks to the referee, whose comments bridged many gaps in the first version of the present paper.     

Polynomially convex orbits of compact lie groups

LetV be a finite dimensional complex linear space and letG be a compact subgroup of GL(V). We prove that an orbitG, V, is polynomially convex if and only ifG is closed andG is the real form ofG . For every orbitG which is not polynomially convex we construct an analytic annulus or strip inG with the boundary inG. It is also proved that the group of holomorphic automorphisms ofG which commute withG acts transitively on the set of polynomially convexG-orbits. Further, an analog of the Kempf-Ness criterion is obtained and homogeneous spaces of compact Lie groups which admit only polynomially convex equivariant embeddings are characterized.Supported by Federal program Integratsiya, no. 586.Supported by INTAS grant 97/10170.     

Ergodic properties of Poisson processes with almost periodic intensity

Summary We discuss in this paper a non-homogeneous Poisson process A driven by an almost periodic intensity function. We give the stationary version A ^* and the Palm version A ⁰ corresponding to A ^*. Let (T _i ,i) be the inter-point distance sequence in A and (T _i ⁰ ,i) in A ⁰. We prove that forj, the sequence (T _i+j,i) converges in distribution to (T _i ⁰ ,i). If the intensity function is periodic then the convergence is in variation.     

A certain functional algebra

We study the algebra of functions on the set of natural numbers with respect to the generalized convolution, generated by the generalized translation operator T_nf(k)=f(max (n, k)), n, k. With the help of the generalized Fourier transform, connected with this convolution, we establish numerous identities and recurrence relations, connecting, in particular, sums of powers of natural numbers.Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 372–377, March, 1990.     

Une généralisation d'un résultat de J. Aczél et M. Hosszú sur l'équation de translation

Résumé En généralisant un résultat de J. Aczél et M. Hosszú on donne des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour qu'une solution de l'équation de translationF(F(, x), y) = F(, xy), oùF: × G , est un ensemble arbitraire,G forme un groupe, soit de la formeF(, x) = f ^–1(f()·1(x)), oùf est une bijection de au groupeG ₁ isomorphe avecG et 1 est un homomorphisme deG àG ₁. On considère aussi le cas oùG forme un espace vectoriel sur le corps des nombres rationels.Si est un intervalle ayant plus qu'un point etG = R ^m avec l'addition comme l'opération on trouve des conditions pour que la fonction continueF soit de la formeF(, x ₁,, x _m ) =f ^–1(f() + c ₁ x ₁ + +c _m x _m ), oùf est une homéomorphie de àR et (c ₁,,c _m ) R ^m .

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Harmonic analysis on tori

We consider measurable subsets {ofR}ⁿ with 0<m()<, and we assume that has a spectral set . (In the special case when is also assumed open, may be obtained as the joint spectrum of a family of commuting self-adjoint operators {H _k: 1kn} in L ² () such that each H _k is an extension of i(/x _k) on C _c (), k=1, ..., n.)It is known that is a fundamental domain for a lattice if is itself a lattice. In this paper, we consider a class of examples where is not assumed to be a lattice. Instead is assumed to have a certain inhomogeneous form, and we prove a necessary and sufficient condition for to be a fundamental domain for some lattice in {ofR}ⁿ. We are thus able to decide the question, fundamental domain or not, by considering only properties of the spectrum . Our criterion is obtained as a corollary to a theorem concerning partitions of sets which have a spectrum of inhomogeneous form.Work supported in part by the NSF.Work supported in part by the NSRC, Denmark.     

Local Tree-Width,Excluded Minors,and Approximation Algorithms

The local tree-width of a graph G=(V,E) is the function ltw^G : that associates with every r the maximal tree-width of an r-neighborhood in G. Our main grapht heoretic result is a decomposition theorem for graphs with excluded minors, which says that such graphs can be decomposed into trees of graphs of almost bounded local tree-width.As an application of this theorem, we show that a number of combinatorial optimization problems, suchas Minimum Vertex Cover, Minimum Dominating Set, and Maximum Independent Set have a polynomial time approximation scheme when restricted to a class of graphs with an excluded minor.     

Turán's extremal problem in random graphs: Forbidding odd cycles

For 0<1 and graphsG andH, we writeGH if any -proportion of the edges ofG span at least one copy ofH inG. As customary, we writeC ^k for a cycle of lengthk. We show that, for every fixed integerl1 and real >0, there exists a real constantC=C(l, ), such that almost every random graphG _{n, p} withp=p(n)Cn ^–1+1/2l satisfiesG _n,p1/2+ C ^2l+1. In particular, for any fixedl1 and >0, this result implies the existence of very sparse graphsG withG _1/2+ C ^2l+1.The first author was partially supported by NSERC. The second author was partially supported by FAPESP (Proc. 93/0603-1) and by CNP_q (Proc. 300334/93-1). The third author was partially sopported by KBN grant 2 1087 91 01.     

Inductive sources and subnormal subgroups

A character pair (H, ) in a group G is a subgroup H and a character Irr(H). Following Dade, we say that a character pair (H, ) is an inductive source in G if induction to G defines an injective map from the irreducible characters of the stabilizer of (H, ) that lie over into Irr(G). (By the Clifford correspondence, this necessarily happens if H is normal in G.) A character pair is said to be conjugate stable if its conjugates satisfy a certain technical condition. We show that an inductive source must be conjugate stable and we present an example of a character pair that is conjugate stable but is not an inductive source. Finally, if (H, ) is conjugate stable and H is a subnormal subgroup of G, we show that (H, ) must be an inductive source in G.     

Quasianapole Interaction of Charged Fermions

We obtain the analytic expression for the total cross section of the reaction e ^– e ⁺l ^– l ⁺ (l=,) taking possible quasianapole interaction effects into account. We find numerical restrictions on the interaction parameter value from data for the reaction e ^– e ^+–+ in the energy domain below the Z ⁰ peak.     

Surfaces and the second homology of a group

LetG be a group andK(G, 1) an Eilenberg—MacLane space, i.e. ₁(K(G,1))G, _i (K(G,1))=0,i1. We give a purely algebraic proof that the second homology groupH ₂(G)=H ₂(G,)H ₂(K(G,1)) is isomorphic to the group of stable equivalence classes of continuous mapsFK(G,1) inducing surjections on fundamental groups (resp. surjections, whereF{F _g=closed orientable surface of genusg,g}. As a corollary we obtain an algebraic proof of the well-known isomorphismH ₂(G)₂(K(G,1)) (2-dimensional bordism group).     

Opérateurs différentiels associés à certaines représentations unitaires d'un groupe de Lie résoluble exponentiel

Soient G = exp g un groupe de Lie résoluble exponentiel et H = exp h un sous-groupe connexe de G. Soient un caractère unitaire de H et = Ind_H ^G. Soit D(G/H) l'algèbre des opérateurs différentiels G-invariants sur G/H. Une question posée par Duflo et Corwin-Greenleaf consiste à voir si la finitude des multiplicités de est équivalente à la commutativité de D (G/H). Nous répondons positivement à cette question quand H est normal dans G. Lorsque H n'est pas normal, nous préparons le terrain pour d'espaces homogènes nilpotents et nous répondons à la question dans différents cas. Nous étudions finalement l'algèbre D (G) ^H , des opérateurs différentiels qui laissent l'espace des vecteurs C de invariant et qui commuttent avec l'action de H sur cet espace.     

Ribbon tilings from spherical ones

The problem of classifying all tile-k-transitive tilings of the infinite 2-dimensional ribbon (and pinched-ribbon) is shown to be solvable by classifying certain tile-k-transitive tilings of the sphere, for all k. Complete results are listed for k3.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Cohomology of solvable lie algebras and solvmanifolds

The cohomology H^* (G/,) of the de Rham complex *(G/) of a compact solvmanifold G/ with deformed differential d = d + , where is a closed 1 -form, is studied. Such cohomologies naturally arise in Morse-Novikov theory. It is shown that, for any completely solvable Lie group G containing a cocompact lattice G, the cohomology H^*(G/, ) is isomorphic to the cohomology H^*( ) of the tangent Lie algebra of the group G with coefficients in the one-dimensional representation : defined by () = (). Moreover, the cohomology H ^*(G/,) is nontrivial if and only if -[] belongs to a finite subset of H ¹(G/,) defined in terms of the Lie algebra .Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, vol. 77, no. 1, 2005, pp. 67–79.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by D. V. Millionshchikov.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected issue number.     

Gauss-Tchebycheff quadrature formulas

Summary It is well known that the Tchebycheff weight function (1-x ²)^–1/2 is the only weight function (up to a linear transformation) for which then point Gauss quadrature formula has equal weights for alln. In this paper we describe explicitly all weight functions which have the property that then _k-point Gauss quadrature formula has equal weights for allk, where (n _k),n ₁<n ₂<..., is an arbitrary subsequence of . Furthermore results on the possibility of Tchebycheff quadrature on several intervals are given.     

Lattice Polytopes Associated to Certain Demazure Modules of sl n + 1

Let w be an element of the Weyl group of sl _{n + 1}. We prove that for a certain class of elements w (which includes the longest element w₀ of the Weyl group), there exist a lattice polytope R ^l(w) , for each fundamental weight _i of sl _{n + 1}, such that for any dominant weight = _{i = 1} ⁿ a _{i i} , the number of lattice points in the Minkowski sum _w = _{i = 1} ⁿ a _{i i} ^w is equal to the dimension of the Demazure module E _w (). We also define a linear map A ^w : R ^l(w) P _Z R where P denotes the weight lattice, such that char E _w () = e e^–A(x) where the sum runs through the lattice points x of ^w .     

Aufeinanderfolgende Elemente in multiplikativen Zahlenmengen

LetM be a multiplicative set with 1M andmnM if and only ifmM,nM for (m,n)=1. It is shown by elementary means that there exists the asymptotic density of the setM(M–1) for every multiplicative setM. The density is positive if and only ifM possesses a positive density and 2M for some . This result is slightly generalized to sums over multiplicative functionsf with |f|1.     

A Foliation of the Space of Conjugacy Classes of Representations of a Surface Group

Let be the fundamental group of a closed orientable surface of genus g 1, and let R(, G)/G be the space of conjugacy classes of representations of into a connected real reductive Lie group G. Motivated by the theory of geometric quantization, we define a map ¯ on R(, G)/G and investigate whether the fibres of ¯ are isotropic with respect to the natural symplectic structure on R(, G)/G. If g = 2 and G = SU(2), then the foliation given by the fibres of ¯ is equivalent to a real polarization defined by Weitsman, and we reprove his result that the fibres are isotropic in this case. If g = 1 then the fibres of ¯ are also isotropic, but we give an example to show that in general they are not.