晶种协同廉价有机模板导向合成高纯度MCM-49沸石

采用廉价低毒性的环己胺（CHA）作为有机模板剂,并合理添加少量MCM-49沸石晶种,在静态水热条件下成功合成了高纯度MCM-49沸石.研究了起始凝胶组成（如Al₂O₃/SiO₂,H₂O/SiO₂,CHA/SiO₂,晶种/SiO₂,Na₂O/SiO₂）、晶化温度和时间等因素对合成MCM-49沸石的影响.通过XRD、SEM、N₂吸附、固体²⁷Al和²⁹Si MAS NMR等手段表征产物,结果表明合成的MCM-49沸石具有良好的结晶度、均匀的晶体尺寸、高比表面积和纯的四配位Al³⁺物种.热重差热分析（TG-DTA）和固体¹³C MAS NMR表征结果证实CHA是作为模板剂填充在沸石产物的孔道内.这种合成MCM-49的方法具有廉价和低毒性的特点,对其产业应用有潜在的重要价值.     

MCM-48介孔分子筛的高压合成

采用正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）作硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板剂,在高压 （约7 MPa）和373 K下合成了MCM-48介孔分子筛.用XRD、氮气吸附及29Si MAS NMR对样品 进行了表征.与常压合成的相比,高压下合成的MCM-48具有更高的热稳定性和水热稳定性.2 9Si MAS NMR结果表明,高压有利于分子筛孔壁的聚合,导致分子筛结构更加完善,从而使 其具有更高的稳定性.     

介孔分子筛表面丁基锡的制备和性能

在高真空系统中研究了MCM-41介孔分子筛与四丁基锡的反应,并用元素分析、气体容量分析、XRD、FTIR、 ¹³C及 ¹¹⁹Sn MAS NMR和氮气及烃吸附等方法表征了产物的组成、结构和性质。结果表明,MCM-41的表面羟基与四丁基锡能在150℃发生反应,在200℃预脱水处理后的MCM-41上生成组成为(≡Si-O) _xSn(n-Bu) _4-x的表面混合物,而在500℃预脱水处理后的MCM-41上则得到组成为≡Si-O-Sn(n-Bu)₃的表面单接枝物种;表面接枝丁基锡物种导致MCM-41的孔道尺寸变小,表面组成改变,从而引起对烷烃的吸附行为发生变化。     

MCM-48介孔材料相转化合成的形成机制

利用水热合成的方法,使用新型的表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基对苯磺酸盐作为模板剂合成了高质量的MCM-48介孔分子筛,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)以及N₂吸附-脱附进行了表征。合成过程的研究表明该合成体系经历了三相,起始相为具有六方对称性的MCM-41,随着加热时间的延长,生成了具有立方对称性的MCM-48,进一步延长加热时间则生成了层状相MCM-50。三相转变发生的核心驱动力来自于表面活性剂有效堆积参数g因子的改变,随着反应时间的延长,由于对甲基苯磺酸根离子（Tos^-）的流失,表面活性剂极性头所占的有效面积（a₀）明显减小,g值变大。另外,XRD、傅立叶变换的红外光谱(FT-IR)以及固体魔角自旋核磁共振(²⁹Si MAS NMR)的表征结果证明：随着晶化时间的延长,相转变的同时伴随着介孔材料的孔壁逐渐由原子无序的非晶态向原子有序的晶态结构转变。最终形成的原子有序层状介孔分子筛可以作为扩孔型微孔分子筛合成的有效前驱体。     

MCM-48介孔材料相转化合成的形成机制

利用水热合成的方法,使用新型的表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基对苯磺酸盐作为模板剂合成了高质量的MCM-48介孔分子筛,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)以及N₂吸附-脱附进行了表征。合成过程的研究表明该合成体系经历了三相,起始相为具有六方对称性的MCM-41,随着加热时间的延长,生成了具有立方对称性的MCM-48,进一步延长加热时间则生成了层状相MCM-50。三相转变发生的核心驱动力来自于表面活性剂有效堆积参数g因子的改变。另外,XRD、傅立叶变换的红外光谱(FT-IR)以及固体魔角自旋核磁共振(²⁹Si MAS NMR)的表征结果证明：随着晶化时间的延长,相转变的同时伴随着介孔材料的孔壁逐渐由原子无序的非晶态向原子有序的晶态结构转变。最终形成的原子有序层状介孔分子筛可以作为扩孔型微孔分子筛合成的有效前驱体。     

介孔分子筛MCM-48的室温合成与表面修饰

在室温条件下的碱性介质中合成了介孔分子筛MCM-48，并对其进行了有机官能团表面修饰。利用HRTEM、低温N₂吸附、XRD、TG、IR和NMR等手段对产物进行了结构和性能分析。实验结果表明，合成产物MCM-48具有规则的孔道结构、大比表面积、大孔容和窄分布的孔径。由硅烷试剂表面修饰后的MCM-48，由于有机官能团接枝在MCM-48的内表面，占据了孔道内部空间，使其比表面积、孔容和孔径都减小。     

EuPO4∶Zn@MCM-41的制备和发光性质

通过微波辅助水热法合成MCM-41介孔材料,经溶胶凝胶组装过程将EuPO₄∶Zn分散到MCM-41表面上和孔道中,制备成以MCM-41为基质的复合发光材料EuPO₄∶Zn@MCM-41粉末。通过XRD、FTIR、氮吸附、SEM、HRTEM、EDS对该材料进行了表征,用单因素法探究了原料配比(Eu(NO₃)₃、Zn(NO₃)₂的加入量和反应条件(煅烧的温度、时间)对EuPO₄∶Zn@MCM-41在593 nm处发光强度的影响,并研究其影响机理。荧光分析发现,EuPO₄∶Zn基本不发射荧光,而EuPO₄∶Zn@MCM-41材料具有蓝光段和红光段的荧光发射,主要发光带以468和593 nm为中心。593 nm处的发射归因于Eu³⁺的4f组内⁵D₀→⁷F₁跃迁,即Eu³⁺中心离子所在晶格格位对称性决定的磁偶极跃迁。研究表明以MCM-41为载体,能够大大降低颗粒的团聚程度,并使EuPO₄:Zn颗粒具有更小的粒径;同时EuPO₄∶Zn@MCM-41中Eu³⁺发光中心具有更大的裂分,MCM-41的纳米孔道使Eu³⁺的发光中心分离,降低了Eu³⁺之间电子云之间的重叠,大大减小了荧光的猝灭,因此MCM-41能有效降低Eu³⁺复合物荧光猝灭。     

MCM-41介孔材料负载金属的一步法合成及其对酯化反应的催化作用

以增溶了茂金属的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)胶束为模板, 采用一步法合成了介孔表面负载有金属(铁、钛和锆)的介孔材料MCM-41, 通过等离子体电感耦合发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定铁、钛和锆负载量(质量分数)分别为1.71%、0.95%和0.81%. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)图谱和N₂吸脱附等温线可知, 负载金属的介孔材料M-MCM-41(T) 仍具有较高的比表面以及规整的六方有序孔道结构, 去除模板剂的焙烧温度对孔道结构有一定影响. 由一步法合成的金属负载介孔材料对乙酸正丁酯的酯化反应具有很高的催化活性, 其中Fe-MCM-41在单位时间单位金属催化生成的产物量(TOF)为55643 g·h^-1·g^-1, 而Zr-MCM-41的TOF高达125320 g·h^-1·g^-1. 与纯茂金属相比, 由茂金属合成的金属负载介孔材料可显著提高酯化反应的催化活性.     

高岭石结构缺陷的 1H MAS NMR和Raman研究

The structure default of kaolinites was characterized with ¹H MAS NMR and Raman spectra. Although the HI indexes of Suzhou and Maoming kaolinite are similar, their ¹H MAS NMR and Raman spectra are very different. ¹H MAS NMR showed that the hydroxyl proton chemical shifts of Suzhou kaolinite are in the higher field and with larger different between the inner surface hydroxyls protons and inner hydroxyls proton chemical shifts than Maoming kaolinite. Raman spectra showed that the surface hydroxyls stretching vibration bands of Suzhou kaolinite are in the high frequency region, and the half height widths of the bands are 7.0～14 cm^-1. The area ratio S_z/(S_z+S_A), where S_Z and S_A are the areas of bands 3685 cm^-1 and 3695 cm^-1 respectively, is 0.23. But the surface hydroxyls stretching vibration bands of Maoming kaolinite are in the low frequency region, and the half height widths of the bands are 8.9～15.1 cm^-1. The area ratio S_z/(S_z+S_A) is 0.77. Those data proved that Suzhou kaolinite has lower structure default than Maoming kaolinite and ¹H MAS NMR and Raman spectra are effective method for study of kaolinite structure default.     

水热合成部分还原氧化石墨烯-K2Mn4O8超级电容器纳米复合材料

通过控制水热反应温度以及氧化石墨烯(GO)与高锰酸钾的填料比, 合成了两组部分还原的GO-K₂Mn₄O₈纳米复合材料. X射线衍射(XRD)分析说明水热过程中合成了α-MnO₂和一种新的晶相K₂Mn₄O₈.通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了水热反应前后氧化石墨的含氧官能团的变化. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示样品由片状还原的氧化石墨烯构成, 其表面附有许多小的纳米颗粒, 这种结构有利于储能时电子的传递. 通过这两组复合材料的结构分析, 更好地理解了材料的电化学性能的变化. 利用循环伏安法和恒流充放电测试比较了材料的电容性能. 用1 mol·L^-1的硫酸钠做电解液, 电位范围是0-1 V, 在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下, 测得的样品最佳比电容达到251 F·g^-1, 能量密度为32 Wh·kg^-1, 功率密度为18.2 kW·kg^-1. 并且在5 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环1000次后样品的比电容仍维持在初始比电容的88%.     

Improvement of the hydrothermal stability of MCM-48 mesoporous molecular sieves

This is a review of our recent reports about improving the hydrothermal stability of MCM-48 mesoporous molecular sieves and the related works done by other groups. It presents the different effects of direct addition of various anions, including F^?, SO₄ ^2?, NO₃ ^? and Cl^?, on the improvement of the hydrothermal stability of MCM-48. The different effects of anions on the improvement of the hydrothermal stability and the critical factors influencing the formation of hydrothermally stable MCM-48 are also explained by careful analysis and discussion.     

Influence of cross profile of PE fibers on thermal properties of materials

Molecular sieves MCM-41 were synthesized from rice husk ash (RHA) as alternative sources of silica, called RHA MCM-41. The material was synthesized by a hydrothermal method from a gel with the molar composition 1.00 CTMABr:4.00 SiO₂:1.00 Na₂O:200.00 H₂O at 100 °C for 120 h with pH correction. The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMABr) was used as a structure template. The material was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR, TG/DTG, and surface area determination by the BET method. The kinetics models proposed by Ozawa, Flynn–Wall, and Vyazovkin were used to determine the apparent activation energy for CTMA⁺ species decomposition from the pores of MCM-41 material. The results were compared with those obtained from the MCM-41 synthesized with silica gel. The synthesized material had specific surface area, size, and pore volume as specified by mesoporous materials developed from conventional sources of silica.     

Effect of the catalyst MCM-41 on the kinetic of the thermal decomposition of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The aim of this work is to determine the activation energy for the thermal decomposition of poly(ethylene terephthalate)—PET, in the presence of a MCM-41 mesoporous catalyst. This material was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, using cetyltrimethylammonium as template. The PET sample has been submitted to thermal degradation alone and in presence of MCM-41 catalyst at a concentration of 25% in mass (MCM-41/PET). The degradation process was evaluated by thermogravimetry, at temperature range from 350 to 500 °C, under nitrogen atmosphere, with heating rates of 5, 10 and 25 °C min^?1. From TG, the activation energy, determined using the Flynn–Wall kinetic method, decreased from 231 kJ mol^?1, for the pure polymer (PET), to 195 kJ mol^?1, in the presence of the material (MCM-41/PET), showing the catalyst efficiency for the polymer decomposition process.     

Synthesis and characterization of M-MCM-48 (M = Cr,Ce) from silatrane via sol–gel process

Chromium and cerium incorporated into MCM-48 framework are hydrothermally synthesized via sol–gel process without any additives and characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption/desorption, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis. Results indicate that the materials possess a long-range ordered structure, high specific surface area, and narrow pore size distribution. SEM images illustrate the edge-truncated octahedron morphology of Cr-MCM-48 while Ce-MCM-48 preserves the truncated octahedron of the MCM-48 parent material. TEM images show the pore network of Ia3d symmetry after loading metals. Spectroscopic data confirm the existence of metals in the framework and extra-framework. At low Cr content, Cr-MCM-48 contains only Cr(VI) species while rich Cr content loading results in both the Cr(VI) and Cr(III) species. The hydrothermal stability of MCM-48 is enhanced by carefully incorporating metals into the parent material.     

Facile H2O2 Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bimodal Mesoporous Silica MCM-48 Spheres

The ordered bimodal mesoporous silica MCM-48 spheres were facile synthesized by mild-temperature post-synthesis H₂O₂ hydrothermal treatment of as-synthesized MCM-48. The results showed that H₂O₂ is indispensable for simultaneously removing organic templates and forming ordered bimodal mesoporous silica MCM-48 spheres. The bimodal mesoporous MCM-48 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron micrographs, FT-IR, and N₂ adsorption-desorption, and a possible mechanism was proposed for the formation of bimodal mesoporous MCM-48.     

Characterization of CoMCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves obtained by the microwave irradiation method

CoMCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves with different amounts of cobalt were synthesized via the microwave irradiation method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N₂ adsorption-desorption technique, and thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of synthesized CoMCM-41 samples were also investigated. Results show that these synthesized materials have typical mesoporous structure of MCM-41. Also, specific surface area and pore volume of synthesized CoMCM-41 decrease with increasing amount of cobalt added, and mesoporous ordering also decreases. When the molar ratio of SiO₂:CoO in the starting material is 1.0:0.05, mesoporous ordering of synthesized CoMCM-41 is the best among the four doping contents. On the other hand, results of thermal and hydrothermal tests show that CoMCM-41 after calcination at 750 °C for 3 h or hydrothermal treatment at 100 °C for 5 days still retains mesostructure. However, mesoporous framework is entirely damaged after calcination at 850 °C for 3 h.     

锌锡双金属掺杂MCM-41的合成及表征

以硅酸钠为硅源, 锡酸钠，硝酸锌为金属源，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂，采用直接水热合成法合成出了锌锡双金属同时掺杂的介孔MCM-41。通过ICP﹑XRD、TG-DTA﹑FTIR﹑HRTEM以及BET等技术对材料的结构和性质进行了表征。结果表明，合成的材料具有典型的六方介孔结构，比表面高，孔分布窄，热稳定性较高，且锌锡可能进入介孔MCM-41骨架中。该材料对苯酚羟基化反应具有良好的催化性能，双金属修饰MCM-41催化活性明显优于单组分掺杂。     

介孔二氧化锆的水热合成和表征

以表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠为辅助模板剂,合成了具有较高稳定性的介孔二氧化锆。 采用TG、XRD、FT-IR以及N₂吸附-脱附等测试技术对产物进行了表征。 研究结果表明,以阴离子型表面活性剂为模板合成的二氧化锆前驱体具有层状介孔结构,经过NaOH溶液处理后再经500 ℃煅烧仍能保持其介孔结构,显示了良好的热稳定性。 在表面活性剂脱除后得到双孔分布的孔结构,其孔壁为四方晶相结构。 NaOH对其结构的形成起到了关键作用。     

含锡介孔分子筛MCM-48的合成、表征及催化性能

自M41S问世以来[1],其在吸附、催化及催化剂载体等领域的应用成为人们研究的热点。但纯硅M41S本身不具有催化活性中心,不能直接应用于催化反应中,将具有催化活性的金属掺杂在分子筛骨架中是赋予M41S系列介孔分子筛催化性能的重要手段。文献[2,3]已报道了一些金属掺杂在MCM-41中