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1.
The i.r. spectra of argon matrix and gas phase complexes between trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and diethylether (DEE) or acetone (DMK) are reported. The broad absorption due to νs(OH) vibration appears in the spectra of both complexes in the region 2400–3300 cm−1 with characteristic structure due to Fermi resonance interaction.  相似文献   

2.
The rate constant for the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) has been determined over the temperature range 278–323K using a relative rate technique. The results provide a value of k(OH+CF3CH2CF2CH3)=2.0×10−12exp(−1750±400/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 based on k(OH+CH3CCl3)=1.8×10−12 exp (−1550±150/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for the rate constant of the reference reaction. Assuming the major atmospheric removal process is via reaction with OH in the troposphere, the rate constant data from this work gives an estimate of 10.8 years for the tropospheric lifetime of HFC-365mfc. The overall atmospheric lifetime obtained by taking into account a minor contribution from degradation in the stratosphere, is estimated to be 10.2 years. The rate constant for the reaction of Cl atoms with 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane was also determined at 298±2 K using the relative rate method, k(Cl+CF3CH2CF2CH3)=(1.1±0.3)×10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The chlorine initiated photooxidation of CF3CH2CF2CH3 was investigated from 273–330 K and as a function of O2 pressure at 1 atmosphere total pressure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Under all conditions the major carbon-containing products were CF2O and CO2, with smaller amounts of CF3O3CF3. In order to ascertain the relative importance of hydrogen abstraction from the (SINGLE BOND)CH2(SINGLE BOND) and (SINGLE BOND)CH3 groups in CF3CH2CF2CH3, rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals and Cl atoms with the structurally similar compounds CF3CH2CCl2F and CF3CH2CF3 were also determined at 298 K k(OH+CF3CH2CCl2F)=(8±3)×10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1; k(OH+CF3CH2CF3)=(3.5±1.5)×10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1; k(Cl+CF3CH2CCl2F)=(3.5±1.5)×10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1]; k(Cl+CF3CH2CF3)<1×10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The results indicate that the most probable site for H-atom abstraction from CF3CH2CF2CH3 is the methyl group and that the formation of carbonyl compounds containing more than a single carbon atom will be negligible under atmospheric conditions, carbonyl difluoride and carbon dioxide being the main degradation products. Finally, accurate infrared absorption cross-sections have been measured for CF3CH2CF2CH3, and jointly used with the calculated overall atmospheric lifetime of 10.2 years, in the NCAR chemical-radiative model, to determine the radiative forcing of climate by this CFC alternative. The steady-state Halocarbon Global Warming Potential, relative to CFC-11, is 0.17. The Global Warming Potentials relative to CO2 are found to be 2210, 790, and 250, for integration time-horizons of 20, 100, and 500 years, respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

3.
The atmospheric chemistry of CCl2FCH2CF3 (HFCF-234fb) was examined using FT-IR/relative-rate methods. Hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom rate coefficients of k(CCl2FCH2CF3+OH)= (2.9 ± 0.8) × 10−15 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 and k(CCl2FCH2CF3+Cl)= (2.3 ± 0.6) × 10−17 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 were determined at 297 ± 2 K. The OH rate coefficient determined here is two times higher than the previous literature value. The atmospheric lifetime for CCl2FCH2CF3 with respect to reaction with OH radicals is approximately 21 years using the OH rate coefficient determined in this work, estimated Arrhenius parameters and scaling it to the atmospheric lifetime of CH3CCl3. The chlorine atom initiated oxidation of CCl2FCH2CF3 gives C(O)F2 and C(O)ClF as stable secondary products. The halogenated carbon balance is close to 80% in our system. The integrated IR absorption cross-section for CCl2FCH2CF3 is 1.87 × 10−16 cm molecule−1 (600–1600 cm−1) and the radiative efficiency was calculated to 0.26 W m−2 ppb1. A 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 1460 was determined, accounting for an estimated stratospheric lifetime of 58 years and using a lifetime-corrected radiative efficiency estimation.  相似文献   

4.
The rate coefficients for the reactions CHFO+F, CFO+F and the self-reaction of CFO were determined over the temperature range of 222–298 K. A computer controlled discharge-flow system with mass spectrometric detection was used. The results are expressed in the Arrhenius form (with energies in J): CHFO+F→CFO+HF: k1(T)=(9.7±0.7)·10−12 exp[−(5940±150)/RT] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 CFO+F+M→CF2O+M: FORMULA DISC=“MATH”>k2(T)=(2.60±1.17)·10−10 exp[−(10110±1250)/RT cm3 molecule−1 s−1FORMULA CFO+CFO→CF2O+CO: k3(T)=(3.77±2.7)·10−10 exp[−(8350±2800)/RT] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 30: 329–333, 1998  相似文献   

5.
Br-atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometry (ARAS) has been developed and applied to measure thermal decomposition rate constants for CF3Br (+ Kr)→CF3+Br (+ Kr) over the temperature range, 1222–1624 K. The Br-atom curve-of-growth (145<λ<163 nm) was determined using this reaction. For [Br]≤1×1012 molecules cm−3, absorbance, (ABS)=1.410×10−13 [Br], yielding σ=1.419×10−14 cm2. The curve-of-growth was then used to convert (ABS) to Br-atom profiles which were then analyzed to give measured rate constants. These can be expressed in second-order by k1=8.147×10−9 exp(−24488 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (±33%, 1222≤T≤1624 K). A unimolecular theoretical approach was used to rationalize the data. Theory indicates that the dissociation rates are closer to second- than to first-order, i.e., the magnitudes are 30–53% of the low-pressure-limit rate constants over 1222–1624 K and 123–757 torr. With the known, E0=ΔH00=70.1 kcal mole−1, the optimized theoretical fit to the ARAS data requires 〈ΔEdown=550 cm−1. These conclusions are consistent with recently published data and theory from Kiefer and Sathyanarayana. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 30: 859–867, 1998  相似文献   

6.
The mechanism and kinetics of energy transfer from the Xe(6s[3/2]1) resonance state to CO and CO2 molecules have been investigated by XeCl(B–X) (λmax=308 nm) fluorescence intensity measurements at stationary conditions in Xe–CCl4–M systems. Steady-state analysis of the fluorescence intensity dependence on the xenon and M pressure at constant CCl4 concentration shows that these processes occur in two- and three-body reactions: Xe(6s[3/2]10)+M→products; Xe(6s[3/2]10)+M+Xe→products. The two-body rate constants for above reactions have been found to be (0.7±0.2)×10−10 and (4.9±0.4)×10−10 cm3 s−1 for CO and CO2, respectively. The three-body rate constants have been found to be (3±1)×10−29 and (2.4±0.3)×10−28 cm6 s−1 for CO and CO2, respectively. It has been shown that the third order reaction is a very effective channel of xenon excited atoms decay at high xenon pressures (P(Xe)>50 Torr).  相似文献   

7.
The recently developed I-atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometric (ARAS) technique has been used to study the thermal decomposition kinetics of CH3I over the temperature range, 1052–1820 K. Measured rate constants for CH3I(+Kr)→CH3+I(+Kr) between 1052 and 1616 K are best expressed by k(±36%)=4.36×10−9 exp(−19858 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Two unimolecular theoretical approaches were used to rationalize the data. The more extensive method, RRKM analysis, indicates that the dissociation rates are effectively second-order, i.e., the magnitude is 61–82% of the low-pressure-limit rate constants over 1052–1616 K and 102–828 torr. With the known E0=ΔH00=55.5 kcal mole −1, the optimized RRKM fit to the ARAS data requires (ΔE)down=590 cm−1. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 29: 535–543, 1997.  相似文献   

8.
Rate coefficients, k(T), for the OH + CHF=CF2 (trifluoroethylene, HFO‐1123) gas‐phase reaction were measured under pseudo–first‐order conditions using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and pulsed laser induced fluorescence to measure the OH radical temporal profile. Rate coefficients were measured over the temperature range 212–375 K at total pressures between 20 and 500 Torr (He, N2 bath gas). The rate coefficient was found to be independent of pressure over this range of pressure with a temperature dependence that is described by the Arrhenius expression (3.04 ± 0.30) × 10–12 exp[(312 ± 25)/T] cm3 molecule–1 s1 with k(296 K) measured to be (8.77 ± 0.80) × 10–12 cm3 molecule–1 s1 (quoted uncertainties are 2σ and include estimated systematic errors). Rate coefficients for the reaction of CHF=CF2 with 18OH and OD were also measured as part of this study at 296 and 373 K and a total pressure of ~25 Torr (He). The isotope measurements were used to evaluate the observed OH radical regeneration. CHF=CF2 is a very short‐lived substance with an atmospheric lifetime of ~1 day with respect to OH reactive loss, whereas the actual lifetime of CHF=CF2 will depend on the time and location of its emission. The global warming potential for CHF=CF2 on the 100‐year time horizon (GWP100) was estimated using the present results and a lifetime correction factor to be 3.9 × 10?3.  相似文献   

9.
Application of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to probing the arrangement of trimethylalkylammonium cations in montmorillonite interlayers has been demonstrated. Detailed analysis of the mid-IR (MIR) and NIR spectra of montmorillonite from Jelšový Potok (JP, Slovakia) saturated with surfactants with varying alkyl chain length (even numbers of carbon atoms from C6 to C18) was performed to show the advantages of the NIR region in characterizing surfactant conformations. The position of the νas(CH2), (∼2930–2920 cm−1), νs(CH2) (∼2860–2850 cm−1), 2νas(CH2) (∼5810–5785 cm−1), (ν + δ)as(CH2) (∼4340–4330 cm−1) and (ν + δ)s(CH2) (∼4270–4250 cm−1) signals was used as an indicator of the gauche/trans conformer ratio. For all bands, a shift toward lower wavenumber on increasing the alkyl chain length from 6 to 18 carbons suggests a transition from disordered liquid-like to more ordered solid-like structures of the surfactants. The magnitude of the shift was significantly higher for 2νas(CH2) (28 cm−1) than for νas(CH2) (8 cm−1) or νs(CH2) (10 cm−1), showing the NIR region to be a useful tool for examining this issue. Comparison of the IR spectra of crystalline alkylammonium salts and the corresponding organo-montmorillonites demonstrated a confining effect of montmorillonite layers on surfactant ordering. For each alkyl chain length the CH2 bands of the organo-montmorillonites appeared at higher wavenumbers than for the unconfined surfactant, thus indicating a higher disorder of the alkyl chains. The wavenumber difference between corresponding samples was always higher in the NIR than in the MIR region. All these findings show NIR spectroscopy to be useful for conformational studies.  相似文献   

10.
The rate coefficients for gas‐phase reaction of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) with two Criegee intermediates, formaldehyde oxide and acetone oxide, decrease with increasing temperature in the range 240–340 K. The rate coefficients k(CH2OO + CF3COOH)=(3.4±0.3)×10−10 cm3 s−1 and k((CH3)2COO + CF3COOH)=(6.1±0.2)×10−10 cm3 s−1 at 294 K exceed estimates for collision‐limited values, suggesting rate enhancement by capture mechanisms because of the large permanent dipole moments of the two reactants. The observed temperature dependence is attributed to competitive stabilization of a pre‐reactive complex. Fits to a model incorporating this complex formation give k [cm3 s−1]=(3.8±2.6)×10−18 T2 exp((1620±180)/T) + 2.5×10−10 and k [cm3 s−1]=(4.9±4.1)×10−18 T2 exp((1620±230)/T) + 5.2×10−10 for the CH2OO + CF3COOH and (CH3)2COO + CF3COOH reactions, respectively. The consequences are explored for removal of TFA from the atmosphere by reaction with biogenic Criegee intermediates.  相似文献   

11.
The rate coefficients for gas-phase reaction of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) with two Criegee intermediates, formaldehyde oxide and acetone oxide, decrease with increasing temperature in the range 240–340 K. The rate coefficients k(CH2OO + CF3COOH)=(3.4±0.3)×10−10 cm3 s−1 and k((CH3)2COO + CF3COOH)=(6.1±0.2)×10−10 cm3 s−1 at 294 K exceed estimates for collision-limited values, suggesting rate enhancement by capture mechanisms because of the large permanent dipole moments of the two reactants. The observed temperature dependence is attributed to competitive stabilization of a pre-reactive complex. Fits to a model incorporating this complex formation give k [cm3 s−1]=(3.8±2.6)×10−18 T2 exp((1620±180)/T) + 2.5×10−10 and k [cm3 s−1]=(4.9±4.1)×10−18 T2 exp((1620±230)/T) + 5.2×10−10 for the CH2OO + CF3COOH and (CH3)2COO + CF3COOH reactions, respectively. The consequences are explored for removal of TFA from the atmosphere by reaction with biogenic Criegee intermediates.  相似文献   

12.
Rate coefficients for the reactions of OH with n, s, and iso-butanol have been measured over the temperature range 298 to ∼650 K. The rate coefficients display significant curvature over this temperature range and bridge the gap between previous low-temperature measurements with a negative temperature dependence and higher temperature shock tube measurements that have a positive temperature dependence. In combination with literature data, the following parameterizations are recommended: k1,OH + n-butanol(T) = (3.8 ± 10.4) × 10−19T2.48 ± 0.37exp ((840 ± 161)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 k2,OH + s-butanol(T) = (3.5 ± 3.0) × 10−20T2.76 ± 0.12exp ((1085 ± 55)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 k3,OH + i-butanol(T) = (5.1 ± 5.3) × 10−20T2.72 ± 0.14exp ((1059 ± 66)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 k4,OH + t-butanol(T) = (8.8 ± 10.4) × 10−22T3.24 ± 0.15exp ((711 ± 83)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 Comparison of the current data with the higher shock tube measurements suggests that at temperatures of ∼1000 K, the OH yields, primarily from decomposition of β-hydroxyperoxy radicals, are ∼0.3 (n-butanol), ∼0.3 (s-butanol) and ∼0.2 (iso-butanol) with β-hydroxyperoxy decompositions generating OH, and a butene as the main products. The data suggest that decomposition of β-hydroxyperoxy radicals predominantly occurs via OH elimination.  相似文献   

13.
Rate coefficients for the OH + (CH3)3SiCl (trimethylchlorosilane) gas-phase reaction were measured over the temperature range 295–375 K using a pulsed laser photolysis laser-induced fluorescence technique. The room temperature rate coefficient was determined to be k1(295 K) = (2.51 ± 0.13) × 10−13 cm3 molecule–1 s–1. The Arrhenius expression k1(T) = (7.06 ± 2.15) × 10−12 exp[–(992 ± 101)/T] cm3 molecule–1 s–1, where the quoted uncertainties are 2σ fit precision, describes the measured temperature dependence very well. As part of this work, the infrared spectra of CH3)3SiCl was measured.  相似文献   

14.
Rate coefficients have been determined for the gas‐phase reaction of the hydroxyl (OH) radical with the aromatic dihydroxy compounds 1,2‐dihydroxybenzene, 1,2‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylbenzene and 1,2‐dihydroxy‐4‐methylbenzene as well as the two benzoquinone derivatives 1,4‐benzoquinone and methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone. The measurements were performed in a large‐volume photoreactor at (300 ± 5) K in 760 Torr of synthetic air using the relative kinetic technique. The rate coefficients obtained using isoprene, 1,3‐butadiene, and E‐2‐butene as reference hydrocarbons are kOH(1,2‐dihydroxybenzene) = (1.04 ± 0.21) × 10−10 cm3 s−1, kOH(1,2‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylbenzene) = (2.05 ± 0.43) × 10−10 cm3 s−1, kOH(1,2‐dihydroxy‐4‐methylbenzene) = (1.56 ± 0.33) × 10−10 cm3 s−1, kOH(1,4‐benzoquinone) = (4.6 ± 0.9) × 10−12 cm3 s−1, kOH(methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone) = (2.35 ± 0.47) × 10−11 cm3 s−1. This study represents the first determination of OH radical reaction‐rate coefficients for these compounds. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 32: 696–702, 2000  相似文献   

15.
In this paper we report the syntheses and study of a number of oxo- and sulphido-bridged tungsten(V) complexes with morpholine dithiocarbamate and piperidine dithiocarbamate as ligands. We assign the following formulae to the complexes: W2O3(Rdtc)4, W2O4(Rdtc)2, W2O2S2(Rdtc)2 and W2O3S(Rdtc)2 (where R = morpholine and piperidine), based on the analytical data. We have studied the complexes by IR and electronic spectra, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. We assign in the IR spectra the following bands: W=O (νs=939–948 cm?1), W-Oba=813–819 cm?1, νs = 431–448 cm?1), W-Sba=470–476 cm?1, νs = 368–370 cm?1, C-N (β = 1511–1519 cm?1) and C-S (ν = 1090–1113 cm?1). The low values of the magnetic moments (0.03–0.60 B.M.) are in accordance with a dimeric species of tungsten(V).  相似文献   

16.
CF3CF2CH2OH is a new chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) alternative. However, there are few data about its atmospheric fate. The kinetics of its atmospheric oxidation, the OH radical reaction of CF3CF2CH2OH, has been investigated in a 2‐liter Pyrex reactor in the temperature range of 298 ∼ 356 K using gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) for analysis in this study. The rate coefficient of k1 = (2.27) × 10−12 exp[−(900 ± 70)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 was determined using the relative rate method. The results are in good agreement with the literature values and the prediction of Atkinson's structure–activity relationship (SAR) model. From these results, the atmospheric lifetime of CF3CF2CH2OH in the troposphere was deduced to be 0.34 year, which is 250 and 6 times shorter than those of CFC‐113 and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC‐225ca), respectively. Therefore CF3CF2CH2OH has significant potential for the replacement of CFC‐113 and HCFC‐225ca. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 32: 73–78, 2000  相似文献   

17.
18.
New water-soluble zinc(II) Schiff-base complexes derived from amino acids (glycine, L-phenylalanine, and L-valine) and salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonates (sodium salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate and sodium 3-methoxy-salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate) have been synthesized. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic, 1H?NMR, and 13C?NMR spectra. In the IR spectra of the complexes, the large difference between the asymmetric νas(COO) and symmetric νs(COO) carboxylate stretch, Δν(νas(COO)–νs(COO)) of 199–247?cm?1, indicates monodentate coordination of the carboxylate group. Spectral data showed that in these complexes the ligand is a tridentate ONO moiety, coordinating to the metal through its phenolic oxygen, imine nitrogen, and carboxyl oxygen.  相似文献   

19.
The fundamental IR vibrational modes of trifluoroacetyl fluoride CF3C(O)F and trifluoroacetyl chloride CF3C(O)Cl have been re-examined by ab initio molecular orbital calculations and compared with literature assignments. Several bands of the IR spectrum are reassigned. The Q-branch and integrated absorption cross-sections have been measured for ν1, ν3, ν4 and ν11 fundamental bands for both pressurized and unpressurized samples on each molecule. The UV absorption spectra of CF3C(O)F and CF3C(O)Cl show a structureless continuum with a maximum at 21Onm (σmax=3.20±0.02 × 10−20 cm2 molecule−1) and 255 nm (σmax=7.66±0.26 × 10−20 cm2 molecule−1), respectively. The nature of the electronic transition giving rise to the UV absorption spectrum for CF3C(O)F and CF3C(O)Cl has been examined by ab initio molecular orbital calculations. It is attributed to the A1A″←X1A′ electronic transition.  相似文献   

20.
Relative rate techniques were used to measure k(Cl + CF2ClCFClH) = (1.4) × 10−11 exp[−(2360 ± 400)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1; k(Cl + CF2ClCFClH) = 5.1 × 10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K. This result is discussed with respect to the available data. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 31: 785–788, 1999  相似文献   

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