半导体激光器及其在干涉计量中的应用

本文介绍了半导体激光器的典型特性,探讨了用其相干长度进行干涉计量的新方法,并进行了眼球光学长度的测量的实验。     

飞秒激光器的相位薄膜

论述了飞秒激光器的相位补偿特点，讨论了采用位薄膜作为补偿晶体的色散和相位自调制的飞秒激光器，并对相位薄膜进行了理论设计。     

薄膜干涉实验之我见

为了使学生更好地认识光的波动性,高中教材安排了薄膜干涉这一节教学内容.并介绍了一种演示薄膜干涉的实验.     

薄膜干涉条纹的可见度

在一级近似条件下，导出薄膜干涉条纹的可见度公式，人条纹可见度的角度定量分析干涉定域问题，直观地给出定域中心、定域深度随扩展光源、薄膜的劈尖角和厚度变化的规律．     

自制薄膜干涉演示仪

现行人教版高中《物理·选修3-4》教材中,将"光的干涉"分为两部分,一是杨氏双缝实验,二是薄膜干涉^[1].针对现行教材"用肥皂泡演示光的干涉现象"的实验仪产生的问题,设计一种更为简便的、实验效果更好的薄膜干涉演示仪.同时,对实验产生的干涉条纹以及干涉条纹在短时间内逐渐变大,向外吐出圆环,最后趋于稳定的原因进行分析.     

薄膜干涉演示方法

使用简单的自制装置，方便地演示了薄膜干涉现象。     

薄膜干涉条纹定域的确定

薄膜干涉条纹定域的确定，文献［１］～［４］等已有讨论．其中［４］较简单直观。本文在直角坐标系中推出定域中心曲面方程，作适当近似与文献［１］、［４］的结果相同，并在此基础上对条纹定域深度进行了讨论     

薄膜干涉中半波损失的"例外"的实验验证

利用自制装置形成空气-玻璃-水膜和空气-玻璃-空气膜，通过比较两种膜的半波损失照片，验证了文献[3]中所述的薄膜干涉中半波损失的“例外”情况．     

From Lagrangian to Brownian motion

We present a Lagrangian describing an idealized liquid interacting with a particle immersed in it. We show that the equation describing the motion of the particle as a functional of the initial conditions of the liquid incorporates noise and friction, which are attributed to specific dynamical processes. The equation is approximated to yield a Langevin equation with parameters depending on the Lagrangian and the temperature of the liquid. The origin of irreversibility and dissipation is discussed.     

Generalized Brownian motion and elasticity

We introduce a family of stochastic processes which are a natural extension of Brownian motion to a tensor form. This allows us to solve a Dirichlet problem of linear elasticity obeying Lamé's equation, [1–(d– 1)]²V(x)+ [·V(x)]=0.     

Phase transition for absorbed Brownian motion with drift

We study one-dimensional Brownian motion with constant drift toward the origin and initial distribution concentrated in the strictly positive real line. We say that at the first time the process hits the origin, it is absorbed. We study the asymptotic behavior, ast, ofm _t , the conditional distribution at time zero of the process conditioned on survival up to timet and on the process having a fixed value at timet. We find that there is a phase transition in the decay rate of the initial condition. For fast decay rate (subcritical case)m _t is localized, in the critical casem _t is located around , and for slow rates (supercritical case)m _t is located aroundt. The critical rate is given by the decay of the minimal quasistationary distribution of this process. We also study in each case the asymptotic distribution of the process, scaled by , conditioned as before. We prove that in the subcritical case this distribution is a Brownian excursion. In the critical case it is a Brownian bridge attaining 0 for the first time at time 1, with some initial distribution. In the supercritical case, after centering around the expected value—which is of the order oft—we show that this process converges to a Brownian bridge arriving at 0 at time 1 and with a Gaussian initial distribution.     

Long-time translation and rotational Brownian motion in two dimensions

The long-time translational and rotational motion of a Brownian particle in two dimensions is studied on the basis of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and linearized hydrodynamics. The long-time motion follows from the low frequency behavior of the mobility matrix. The coefficient of the long-time tail for the translational motion turns out to be independent of shape and size of the body, in agreement with mode-coupling theory. For rotational Brownian motion the coefficient of the long-time tail is found to depend on the shape of the body. This result is in conflict with a recent prediction from mode-coupling theory, and indicates that the mode-coupling calculation should be revised.This article is dedicated in friendship to Prof. Matthieu Ernst on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Brownian motion near an absorbing sphere

The spherically symmetric solution of the Fokker-Planck equation with absorbing boundary is given in terms of a solution of an equivalent integral equation whose explicit form is found.     

Brownian motion of a nonlinear oscillator

Starting with the Langevin equation for a nonlinear oscillator (the Duffing oscillator) undergoing ordinary Brownian motion, we derive linear transport laws for the motion of the average position and velocity of the oscillator. The resulting linear equations are valid for only small deviations of average values from thermal equilibrium. They contain a renormalized oscillator frequency and a renormalized and non-Markovian friction coefficient, both depending on the nonlinear part of the original equation of motion. Numerical computations of the position correlation function and its spectral density are presented. The spectral density compares favorably with experimental results obtained by Morton using an analog computer method.Technical Note BN-674. Research supported in part by NSF grant GP-12591, and in part by PHS Research Grant No. MG16426-02 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.     

A MAP estimator based on geometric Brownian motion for sample distances of laser triangulation data

The proposed algorithm is designed to enhance the line-detection stability in laser-stripe sensors. Despite their many features and capabilities, these sensors become unstable when measuring in dark or strongly-reflective environments. Ambiguous points within a camera image can appear on dark surfaces and be confused with noise when the laser-reflection intensity approaches noise level. Similar problems arise when strong reflections within the sensor image have intensities comparable to that of the laser. In these circumstances, it is difficult to determine the most probable point for the laser line. Hence, the proposed algorithm introduces a maximum a posteriori estimator, based on geometric Brownian motion, to provide a range estimate for the expected location of the reflected laser line.     

Application of integral transforms to a description of the Brownian motion by a non-Markovian random process

The one-dimensional Brownian motion and the Brownian motion of a spherical particle in an infinite medium are described by the conventional methods and integral transforms considering the entrainment of surrounding particles of the medium by the Brownian particle. It is demonstrated that fluctuations of the Brownian particle velocity represent a non-Markovian random process. A harmonic oscillator in a viscous medium is also considered within the framework of the examined model. It is demonstrated that for rheological models, random dynamic processes are also non-Markovian in character. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 66–74, February, 2009.     

Brownian motion and correlation in particle image velocimetry

In particle image velocimetry applications involving either low velocities or small seed particles, Brownian motion can be significant. This paper addresses the effects of Brownian motion. First, general equations describing cross-correlation particle image velocimetry are derived that include Brownian motion. When light-sheet illumination particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used Brownian motion diminishes the signal strength. A parameter describing this effect is introduced, and a weighting function describing the contribution to the measured velocity as a function of position is derived. The latter is unaffected by Brownian motion. Microscopic PIV Brownian motion also diminishes the signal strength. The weighting function for microscopic PIV is found to depend on Brownian motion, thus affecting an important experimental parameter, the depth of correlation. For both light-sheet illumination and microscopic PIV, a major consequence of Brownian motion is the spreading of the correlation signal peak. Because the magnitude of the spreading is dependent on temperature, PIV can, in principle, be used to simultaneously measure velocity and temperature. The location of the signal peak provides the velocity data, while the spreading of the peak yields temperature.