Methane Pyrolysis Stimulated by Admixture of Atomic Hydrogen: 2. Mechanism Analysis and Kinetics Calculation

The kinetics of methane pyrolysis stimulated by the introduction of atomic hydrogen into the reaction medium from an arcjet plasma source was analyzed. Numerical simulation of the reaction kinetics demonstrated that the thermal pyrolysis at lower temperatures (1800 K or lower) followed the radical chain mechanism with short chains (a chain length of 2 or 3), and the addition of atomic hydrogen considerably increased the rate of the process. An analysis of the kinetics of pyrolysis in a stirred reactor showed that acetylene was formed immediately after methane degradation without the buildup of by-products in the reaction medium.__________Translated from Khimiya Vysokikh Energii, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2005, pp. 312–316.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Baranov, Demkin, Zhivotov, Nikolaev, Rusanov, Fedotov.     

An Experimental Study of Plasma Cracking of Methane Using DBDs Aimed at Hydrogen Production

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - We report the results of an experimental campaign about the production of hydrogen from methane cracking using a non-thermal plasma. Experiments have been...     

Methane Pyrolysis for Hydrogen Production: Specific Features of Using Molten Metals

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - Published data on noncatalytic pyrolysis of natural gas in molten metals are analyzed. The most illustrative results obtained in the past two decades are...     

Experimental Comparison of Methane Pyrolysis in Thermal Plasma

Methane pyrolysis via thermal plasma was investigated experimentally on a 2 kW DC arc plasma setup in argon atmosphere. Two widely applied methane pyrolysis profiles, i.e., pre-mixing methane and argon before fed into plasma torch, and injecting methane into pure argon plasma jet at torch outlet, were compared. Performances of methane pyrolysis regarding to methane conversion, acetylene selectivity, acetylene specific energy requirement (SER), and plasma stability were concluded. Results showed that pre-mixing methane and argon before fed into plasma torch would be efficient in converting methane and acetylene production, with higher conversion of methane and lower SER to acetylene at a given specific energy. Also, methane in arc zone would cause periodic fluctuations of plasma voltage and power, which could be reduced by controlling methane fraction in feed. On the other hand, when methane was injected into argon plasma jet at torch outlet, the energy efficiency in converting methane and producing acetylene would be lower. And the plasma would barely participate in the reaction other than providing heat, but the erosion of electrode was much slower and slighter. It was also validated that the SER of acetylene was limited by the thermal loss of the setup due to size-effect of reactor.     

焦炉煤气甲烷重整制氢热力学分析和实验研究(英文)

对焦炉煤气甲烷部分氧化重整热力学进行分析,考察反应温度、CH4/O2摩尔比及水蒸气加入量等因素对重整性能的影响,并分析焦炉煤气原始氢含量对其部分氧化重整性能的影响.分析结果表明甲烷转化率均随CH4/O2摩尔比和水蒸气加入量的增大以及反应温度的升高而增大.在CH4/O2摩尔比1.7-2.1,温度825-900℃及压力1.01×105Pa的反应条件下,可得较好重整性能;甲烷转化率,氢及一氧化碳的选择性分别为91.0%-99.9%,87.0%-93.4%和100%-107%,重整后得到的氢量增大到原始氢量的1.95-2.05倍,每摩尔焦炉煤气消耗的热量仅为2.94J,同时得出在CH4/O2摩尔比2,温度825-900℃及1.01×105Pa条件下,往焦炉煤气内添加体积分数为2%-4%的水蒸气时重整性能得到较大提高;重整后甲烷转化率、氢及一氧化碳选择性分别由92.6%、87.2%、104%增大到98.6%、96.4%、107%.并在BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ透氧膜反应器上研究NiO/MgO固溶体催化剂焦炉煤气部分氧化重整性能.结果表明该重整反应效果较好,于875℃下获得16.3mL.cm-2.min-1透氧量,95%甲烷转化率及80.5%氢和106%一氧化碳选择性.且所得实验结果与热力学分析结果符合较好,表明NiO/MgO固溶体催化剂有较好的催化重整性能.     

Rapid Conversion of Methane to Hydrogen Stimulated by Microwave Irradiation on the Surface of a Carbon Adsorbent

Doklady Physical Chemistry - The paper presents the results on the rapid production of H2 from CH4 by its direct decomposition in a plasma-catalytic mode stimulated by microwave irradiation (MWI)...     

低温催化裂解烷烃法制备碳纳米管

低温催化裂解烷烃法制备碳纳米管陈萍，王培峰，林国栋，张鸿斌，蔡启瑞（厦门大学化学系固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，厦门，３６１００５）关键词碳纳米管，催化裂解，甲烷碳纳米管的制备与研究是国际上新材料领域的探索热点［１］．由于具有纳米级的管径，碳纳米管...     

Direct Non-oxidative Methane Conversion by Non-thermal Plasma: Experimental Study

The direct non-oxidative conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons in non-thermal plasma, namely dielectric barrier discharge and corona discharge, has been investigated experimentally at atmospheric pressure. In dielectric barrier discharge, the methane is mainly converted to ethane and propane with small amounts of unsaturated and higher hydrocarbons. While in corona discharge, methane was activated mainly to acetylene with small amount of other higher hydrocarbons. Decreasing the gas flow or increasing power input will improve the methane conversion and product yields. It is found that the methane conversion and main product yield against the input specific energy were special functions in both dielectric barrier discharge and corona discharge, independent of the reactor size, and whether fixing flow rate or power input and changing the power input or flow rate. The corona discharge is a promising alternative method for methane conversion to produce acetylene and hydrogen at low temperature.     

甲烷催化制氢气的研究进展

氢气作为二次能源将成为未来主要能源之一。用甲烷作原料制备氢气有重要意义。本文论述了目前国内外甲烷制氢技术的研究进展,分别对制氢的各种技术方法、反应器的分类、所用催化剂的种类及性能,以及目前解决催化剂结炭问题的研究成果等方面进行了详尽的论述。     

Experimental Studies and Simulation of Methane Pyrolysis and Oxidation in Reflected Shock Waves Accompanied by Soot Formation

Kinetics and Catalysis - An experimental and computational study of methane pyrolysis and oxidation and formation of soot particles in reflected shock waves has been performed using a previously...     

激光促进甲烷氧化偶联表面反应规律的研究

采用ＩＲ、ＴＰＤ、选频ＴＥＡＣＯ２激光等技术，考察了单组分及多组分表面材料上激光促进的甲烷氧化偶联反应．在实验条件下，甲烷在ＬｉＣｌＯ４／Ｐｂ３（ＰＯ４）２固体表面上的转化率达到３２％以上，生成乙烯的选择性为９３％．结果分析表明，晶格氧参与了反应，激光频率是影响激光能量利用的主要因素．     

Experimental and Theoretical Study on Pyrolysis of Isopsoralen

The pyrolysis of isopsoralen was studied by synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry at low pressure. The pyrolysis products were detected at different photon energies, the ratios of products to precursor were measured at various pyrolysis temperatures. The experimental results demonstrate that the main pyrolysis products are primary CO and sequential CO elimination products (C₁₀H₆O₂ and C₉H₆O). The decomposition channels of isopsoralen were also studied by the density functional theory, then rate constants for competing pathways were calculated by the transition state theory. The dominant decom-position channels of isopsoralen and the molecular structures for corresponding products were identified by combined experimental and theoretical studies.     

固体热解塞曼原子吸收光谱法在毛发痕量汞分析中的应用

建立了一种采用固体热解塞曼原子吸收光谱快速测定毛发中痕量汞的方法,样品不需要经过消解即可直接测定。在优化的实验条件下．方法的相对标准偏差为3．9％(峰面积)和7．2％(峰高),检出限为26ng／g(3σ),回收率为94％～103％。使用标准参考物质进行对照分析和通过与ICP—MS分析结果进行比较,结果令人满意。应用本法通过对实验动物样本的检测表明,动物毛发中汞的含量与其体内受汞毒害程度存在一定的相关性。     

Production of Hydrogen from Methane by a CO2 Emission-Suppressed Process: Methane Decomposition and Gasification of Carbon Nanofibers

Catalytic methane decomposition into hydrogen and carbon nanofibers and the oxidations of carbon nanofibers with CO₂, H₂O and O₂ were overviewed. Supported Ni catalysts (Ni/SiO₂, Ni/TiO₂ and Ni/carbon nanofiber) were effective for the methane decomposition. The activity and life of the supported Ni catalysts for methane decomposition strongly depended on the particle size of Ni metal on the catalysts. The modification of the catalysts with Pd enhanced the catalytic activity and life for methane decomposition. In particular, the supported Ni catalysts modified with Pd showed high turnover number of hydrogen formation at temperatures higher than 973 K with a high one-pass methane conversion (>70%). However, sooner or later, every catalyst completely lost their catalytic activities due to the carbon layer formation on active metal surfaces. In order to utilize a large quantity of the carbon nanofibers formed during methane decomposition as a chemical feedstock or a powdered fuel for heat generation, they were oxidized with CO₂, H₂O and O₂ into CO, synthesis gas and CO₂, respectively. In every case, the conversion of carbon was greater than 95%. These oxidations of carbon nanofibers recovered or enhanced the initial activities of the supported Ni catalysts for methane decomposition.     

Formation of Carbon Materials by the Oxidative Pyrolysis of Methane on Resistive Catalysts

Kinetics and Catalysis - This review describes the regularities of the synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials (NCMs) based on the pyrolysis of methane on the surface of conductive materials...     

MoO3-TiO2/SiO2上光促表面催化甲烷和水合成甲醇和氢气

用分步等体积浸渍法制备了负载型复合半导体催化剂MoO3-TiO2/SiO2,通过XRD,BET,TPR,IR,UVDRS和TPD等手段对其进行了表征,结果表明,活性组分在载体表面高度分散,并具有量子尺寸效应,吸光阈值显著蓝移;TiO2在SiO2表面分散可增强MoO3与载体的相互作用,调变吸光性能,所形成的表面活性基元能够有效地吸附活化甲烷和水.在100℃下利用固定床环隙反应器借助紫外光的激发,通过“光-表面-热”协同作用,气相甲烷和水在MoO3-TiO2/SiO2表面生成了甲醇和氢,选择性达到85.6%.     

NOx—Catalyzed Gas—Phase Activation of Methane： the Formation of Hydrogen

NOx-catalyzed oxidation of methane without a solid catalyst was investigated, and a hydrogen selectivity of 27% was obtained with an overall methane conversion of 34% and a free O2 concentration of 1.7% at 700℃.     

甲烷与氯气的取代反应实验研究

综述了目前甲烷与氯气的取代反应实验存在的问题,对实验装置进行了改进,采用正交实验设计对影响该反应的温度、光照条件、气体比例、光照距离等4个因素进行系统探究,对实验条件进行优化,找出了甲烷与氯气取代反应的最佳实验条件。     

裂解气相色谱-质谱法研究聚醚酰亚胺的热裂解行为

采用裂解气相色谱-质谱技术研究了聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)在550℃、650℃和750℃裂解温度下的热分解行为.随着裂解温度上升,裂解产物明显增加.在750℃时聚合物分子链断裂完全,共鉴别到25种碎片组分.PEI热分解的碎片中叔丁基苯酚、叔丁基甲基苯酚、苯酚、苯胺、氰苯、2-苯基-1H-异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮等5种裂解产物最重要,因此可以依据这几种化合物定性鉴别聚醚酰亚胺.依据热分解产物的数量以及结构推断降解机理为:裂解首先从醚键开始,其次是酰胺基团中的C-N键,然后再经过一系列消除反应、成环反应、重排反应等形成多种裂解碎片.