人机语言通讯国际现状和发展(下)

法 国 近二十年法国相当重视自动言语处理,特别是识别与合成的研究和开发,法语声学学会(GALF)的言语通讯组和法语计算机学会(AFCET)言语识别工作组,对协调各研究单位贡献很大。GALF的言语工作组每年组织一次会议,AFCET模式识别和人工智能每两年召开一次会议。 1981年法国国家科研机构(CNRS)又设立了言语通讯研究协调小组(GRECO on Spe-ech Communication),这个小组负责两项工作:1.促进言语通讯的基础研究和应用研究,选定研究课题和给实验室提供资助。2.协调各研究单位的活动。     

青年声学家齐颖勇在美国获Klatt奖

中国科学院声学研究所齐颖勇,在语言声学专业取得硕士学位后,在美国俄亥俄州立大学获得博士,现在亚利桑那大学言语和听觉科学系任助理教授。由于他在言语科学领域中工作成绩突出,于1991年美国声学学会秋季大会上,成为克拉特(Dennis Klatt)纪念奖的第一位得主。 克拉特是国际知名的语言声学家,他在言语合成方面做出了突出的贡献。他研制的文语转换系统DEC-Talk是大家公认的最好的一种。不幸他于1989年逝世。为了纪念他对言语科学的贡献,由美国言语-语言-听觉基金会和美国声学学会联合设立了克拉特纪念基金。首次2000美元奖金授予一位取得博士学     

第四届语音图象通讯信号处理学术会议在京召开

中国声学学会语言听觉和音乐声学分科学会和中国电子学会信号处理分会,于1989年10月25日至27日在北京召开了第四届语音图象通讯信号处理学术会议。在开幕式上,首先由会议程序委员会主席张家騄研究员致开幕词。中国声学学会马大猷名誉理事长、关定华理事长,信号处理学会袁保宗常务副理事长,北京邮电学院朱祥华副院长等先后讲话。 会议共收到论文133篇。大会报告共三篇:张家騄研究员的“人机言语通讯国际现状及发展”,袁保宗教授的“三维计算机视觉”,刘村友教授的“现代语言通信网”。这三篇报告反映了言语工程、图象处理和语言     

身势语作为非语言交际的作用以及在英语教学中的应用

身势语是我们为更清楚的表达言语意思而使用的一种非语言交际形式。我们随时都在运用身势语,它可以让对方明白一些难以用言语形容和表达的意思和感觉。身势语在英语教学中也扮演着重要角色。它可以有效提高教学成果并改善教与学之间的关系。文章旨在反映和研究身势语作为非语言交际的功能以及其在英语教学当中的应用。     

2008年全国声学学术会议在上海召开

2008年全国声学学术会议于2008年10月22- 24日在上海市召开,本次会议主题为:创新与和谐——新世纪的声学。来自全国声学界的专家、学者、工程技术人员的代表385人参加了会议。中国声学学会领导与8位声学相关领域的院士参加了会议,     

第15届国际声学、语言、信号处理会议简介

第15届国际声学、语言、信号处理会议于1990年4月3日至6日在美国新墨西哥州的Albuquerque会议中心举行,参加会议的注册代表共1604名。会议收到的论文共1519篇,被接收的共752篇(其中360篇以大字报形式在会议上交流)。 从大陆去的我国代表来自中国科学院声学所、自动化所、北京大学、航天部、东南大学等单位,研究的领域包括水声学,语音信号处理、模式识别和图象处理。来自台湾、香港及旅美访问学者及研究生也有多人参加。会议期间,到会的中国代表曾有过一次愉快的聚会,交流学术心得,畅叙友情,彼此之间增加了了解。     

语言音调问题国际研讨会在京召开

2004年3月29日到31日,作为第二届国际言语韵律大会(Speech Prosody 2004)的卫星会议,语言音调问题国际研讨会(The International Symposium on Tonal Aspectof Languages:Emphasis on Tone Languages)在北京中国     

语言声学与内容理解研究进展

本文对语言声学与内容理解研究的最新进展进行综述。首先介绍人类的言语的产生、感知以及声学分析方面的进展,接着分别介绍采用计算机来对语音中的各种信息进行抽取(包括语音、说话人和语种识别)和内容分析与理解(包括文档内容分析和理解与对话)的最新成果,最后对语言声学与内容理解的研究进行了总结和展望。     

汉语人机语音通信基础

<正>张家騄著,(上海科学技术出版社,2010,4)言语科学和言语技术是多学科交叉、范围广阔的学术领域。在电子技术和计算机技术的支持和推动下,语言机器的研究和应用得到了迅速和极大的发展。特别是在某些应用领域里,语言机器得到了普及和推广。汉语作为目前全球使用人数最多的语言,其人机交往的研究和应用同样也取得了迅速和极大的发展,和颇有成果,并将有非常广泛的应用前景。     

多孔硅发光研究的最新进展──纳米尺寸硅的发光和电子特性国际讨论会介绍

这是作者参加１９９３年２月在美国召开的有关多孔硅发光的国际会议后写的总结．它深入浅出地介绍了会议的全貌，概括了多孔硅发光及有关性质的研究现状和进展，有助于广大读者了解物理学中这一热点、领域的进展和现状．本刊热切希望参加有关物理学热点领域国际会议的同志及时为我刊撰写这类会议报道．     

语言声学进展及其应用

本文对语言声学研究的最新进展进行综述。首先介绍了人类的言语的产生和感知以及声学分析方面的近期发展,接着重点阐述了计算机处理人类语音(包括语音识别和合成,发音评估以及演唱评价)的最新研究、成果。同时提及了这些研究成果的相关应用。最后是总结与展望。     

汉语耳语音孤立字识别研究

耳语音识别有着广泛的应用前景,是一个全新的课题.但是由于耳语音本身的特点,如声级低、没有基频等,给耳语音识别研究带来了困难.本文根据耳语音信号发音模型,结合耳语音的声学特性,建立了一个汉语耳语音孤立字识别系统.由于耳语音信噪比低,必须对其进行语音增强处理,同时在识别系统中应用声调信息提高了识别性能.实验结果说明了MFCC结合幅值包络可作为汉语耳语音自动识别的特征参数,在小字库内用HMM模型识别得出的识别率为90.4%.     

实时识别中语音的时域─频域─能量表示

本文提出了语音信号的一种时域－频域－能量表示,并给出了算法,可用于孤立词语音识别,这种时域－频域－能量表示有两个特点,基于短时能量梯度的非线性时间规正,可保留语音信号频域的过滤特性,丢掉其稳态特性,计算量小,适于实时应用。     

实时识别中语音的时域─频域─能量表示

本文提出了语音信号的一种时域─频域─能量表示,并给出了算法,可用于孤立词语音识别．这种时域─频域─能量表示有两个特点：基于短时能量梯度的非线性时间规正,可保留语音信号频域的过渡特性,丢掉其稳态特性;计算量小,适于实时应用．     

Verifying two commercial software implementations of impulse-response-based speech intelligibility measurements

A number of objective evaluation methods are currently used to quantify the speech intelligibility in a built environment, including the speech transmission index (STI), rapid speech transmission index (RASTI), articulation index (AI), and the percent articulation loss of consonants (%ALCons). Certain software programs can quickly evaluate STI, RASTI, and %ALCons from a measured room impulse response. In this project, two impulse-response-based software packages (WinMLS and SIA-Smaart Acoustic Tools) were evaluated for their ability to determine intelligibility accurately. In four different spaces with background noise levels less than NC 45, speech intelligibility was measured via three methods: (1) with WinMLS 2000; (2) with SIA-Smaart Acoustic Tools (v4.0.2); and (3) from listening tests with humans. The study found that WinMLS measurements of speech intelligibility based on STI, RASTI, and %ALCons corresponded well with performance on the listening tests. SIA-Smaart results were correlated to human responses, but tended to under-predict intelligibility based on STI and RASTI, and over-predict intelligibility based on %ALCons.     

The Effects of a Specific Speech and Language Training Program on Students of a Radio Announcing Course

The purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals show differences in speech and voice during reading of the same news before and after attending a radio announcing course. Twenty-five students of a Radio Announcing Course in Sao Paulo city, 17 men and 8 women, aged 19 to 55 years, participated in this study. The readings were recorded in a professional audio studio, and the speech samples were submitted to perceptual and acoustic analysis. For the perceptual analysis, the samples were randomly presented in pairs and five trained speech pathologists identified each recording as pre- and posttraining, and also justified their choices by indicating what parameters better based their judgment: type of voice, articulation and pronunciation, loudness, pitch, resonance, speech rate, respiratory coordination, and use of emphasis. The acoustic parameters analyzed were mean, minimum, and maximum fundamental frequency, frequency range, text duration, and pause duration. The perceptual analysis showed that the posttraining speech samples were considered the best productions in 80% of the evaluations. Emphasis characterized the readings (70.4%), followed by type of voice (44.8%) and pitch (40.8%). Acoustic analysis showed higher mean fundamental frequency and increase of frequency range posttraining. These results indicated richer modulation in the posttraining readings. There are differences in the readings of the same news pre- and posttraining in a radio announcing course, and the posttraining reading was considered the best production, indicating the positive effect of the training.     

Contributions of various transmission paths to speech privacy of open ceiling meeting rooms in open-plan offices

Installing open ceiling meeting rooms inside a large open-plan office provides a solution to increase speech privacy and to reduce speech disturbance in the office. The open ceiling meeting rooms have advantages of low cost construction and flexibility, but have lower speech privacy than that of enclosed rooms due to the open ceiling. Existing research shows that many factors should be taken into account to achieve good speech privacy in open-plan offices and improving only one of these factors may result in little improvement, so it is important to distinguish contributions of different acoustic transmission paths of open ceiling meeting rooms in open-plan offices. This paper proposes an impulse response separation method to quantify contributions of various acoustic paths of open ceiling rooms on speech privacy in open-plan offices. The method is verified with simulations based on the Odeon software and the experiments carried out in 3 different types of rooms. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the Fabpod, a semi enclosed meeting room located in a large indoor office at the Design Research Institute of the RMIT University, to obtain the contributions of different acoustic transmission paths to its speech privacy. The method proposed in this paper and the knowledge obtained are useful for architects to improve the acoustic performance of the next generation Fabpods which are now under design at RMIT University.     

Effects of unattended speech on performance and subjective distraction: The role of acoustic design in open-plan offices

Unattended background speech is a known source of cognitive and subjective distraction in open-plan offices. This study investigated whether the deleterious effects of background speech can be affected by room acoustic design that decreases speech intelligibility, as measured by the Speech Transmission Index (STI). The experiment was conducted in an open-plan office laboratory (84 m²) in which four acoustic conditions were physically built. Three conditions contained background speech. A quiet condition was included for comparison. The speech conditions differed in terms of the degree of absorption, screen height, desk isolation, and the level of masking sound. The speech sounds simulated an environment where phone conversations are heard from different locations varying in distance. Ninety-eight volunteers were tested. The presence of background speech had detrimental effects on the subjective perceptions of noise effects and on cognitive performance in short-term memory and working memory tasks. These effects were not attenuated nor amplified within a three-hour working period. The reduction of the STI by room acoustic means decreased subjective disturbance, whereas the effects on cognitive performance were somewhat smaller than expected. The effects of room acoustic design on subjective distraction were stronger among noise-sensitive subjects, suggesting that they benefited more from acoustic improvements than non-sensitive subjects. The results imply that reducing the STI is beneficial for performance and acoustic satisfaction especially regarding speech coming from more distant desks. However, acoustic design does not sufficiently decrease the distraction caused by speech from adjacent desks.     

Periodic variation in inspiratory volume characterizes speech as well as quiet breathing

Variability in inspired lung volume prior to speech is only partially accounted for by speech-related concerns such as the length and loudness of the planned utterance. Control mechanisms known to influence volume variability in non-speech breathing could potentially account for some of this variability, but only if they operate during speech as well. This investigation was designed to test for the presence of several such mechanisms during reading aloud. Lung volumes were recorded from 5 normal females as they read silently, then aloud. Inspired volumes were correlated with the volumes of the previous and following expirations and with inspiratory duration. Coefficients of variation were calculated for inspiratory volume, duration, and mean flow. Time-series analyses were used to compare periodicity in inspired volume for quiet and speech breathing. Control mechanisms operating during both quiet breathing and reading aloud included slow oscillations in inspired volume and minimized variability in mean flow. Inspired volume prior to speech was weakly but significantly correlated with preceding and following expired volume. It is concluded that some control strategies typical of quiet breathing contribute to volume variability in speech breathing.