测量三阶弹性常数的非线性声学方法

三阶弹性常数反映了固体弹性在二级近似下的非线性性质，它在固体物理和材料特性的确认和评估中起着重要作用。着重介绍了测量三阶弹性常数的超声二次谐波激发方法。     

采用M序列相关法测量材料界面的声散射特性

用Ｍ序列进行材料方向性声散特性的测量,其基本思路是以伪随机Ｍ序列作为测试信号利用相关的方法测得系统的脉冲响应,根据直达声和各次反射声到达时间加以相应的窗隔离出散射脉冲信号,再进行方向性对比。本文介绍了测量的基本原理和应注意的问题,并给出了一个具体的测量系统实验典型。     

非线性受扰观测序列的深度优化粒子滤波算法

提出深度优化粒子滤波(DIPF:Deep Improved Particle Filtering)算法,从权值增长趋势和权值大小的综合比较进行样本的优化选择,通过对样本的统计分析确定样本的复制与裂变,虽然深度优化由于趋势判断增加了滤波时间,但是它克服了样本枯竭问题,提高了估计的精度.     

HL—1M装置等离子体电子温度测量

在ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置上用红宝石激光９０ｏ汤姆逊散射对等离子体电子温度进行了测量,建立了激光测量等离子体电子温度的数学模型。开发了用于数据采集和处理的程序,并对实验结果进行了初步讨论和误差分析。     

HL-1M装置中超热电子的X射线辐射测量

用新研制的五通道碘化汞（ＨｇＩ２）半导体探测器阵列分别观测了在欧姆发热、弹丸注入及离子回旋共振加热（ＩＣＲＨ）条件下,ＨＬ－１Ｍ等离子体中的超热电子引起的能量在１０～１５０ｋｅＶ范围内的Ｘ射线辐射强度的时空变化,及超热电子辐射的Ｘ射线能谱。结果显示,在ＩＣＲＨ期间,等离子体边缘的Ｘ辐射增强,超热电子的温度大约为３０ｋｅＶ,ＩＣＲＨ的能量沉积在等离子体边缘。     

基于系统非线性校正与滤波的相位测量

相位测量系统中投影仪输出与CCD输入变形条纹光强之间的非线性导致频谱混叠,影响测量精度,为了消除他们之间的非线性关系,提高相位测量精度,分析了系统非线性产生的基本原因,提出了一种基于系统非线性校正与滤波的相位测量方法.首先校正由投影仪中伽马畸变产生的系统非线性,然后采用低通滤波器对校正后输出的频谱进行滤波,只保留频谱中的基频成份,最后采用四步相移法对变形条纹进行相位测量.MATLAB仿真与实际实验结果表明,所提方法的系统非线性校正与滤波效果较好,有助于提高相位测量精度.     

甲酚紫三阶非线性极化率的测量

甲酚紫(Cresyl Violet)是一种常用的有机染料。H.Telle和W.Huller测量出甲酚紫在乙醇溶液中(浓度为2.0×10~(-3)mol/1)的吸收峰值波长为613nm,半宽度为68nm。我们利用简并四波混频技术(DFWM)测量了甲酚紫的三阶非线性极化率X_(?)。实验结果表明,甲酚紫具有大的三阶光学非线性。     

基于非线性扩散滤波的双目视觉跟踪与测量研究实现

针对双目视觉跟踪与测量技术的研究主要集中在缩短时间,精确性问题考虑不够充分。结合KAZE特征提取算法,利用卡尔曼预测对目标进行跟踪,提出一种基于图像匹配的双目视觉跟踪与测量算法。将KAZE特征提取算法和SIFT、SURF等算法进行仿真对比,结果表明KAZE算法具有更加出色的匹配率,而跟踪速度相当。运用KAZE算法与卡尔曼预测跟踪技术实现了基于Visual Studio环境下的双目视觉测量与跟踪系统,测试结果表明,该系统可进行有效的高精度测量。     

混沌时间序列的自适应高阶非线性滤波预测

根据混沌序列产生的确定性和非线性机制,基于Volterra级数展式和混沌序列高阶奇异谱特征,提出了一种高阶非线性傅里叶红外(HONFIR)滤波预测模型用于混沌时间序列的自适应预测.其自适应算法采用时域正交算法来自适应地跟踪混沌的运动轨迹,而不是重构混沌系统 的全局或局部运动轨迹.实验研究表明：(1)这种HONFIR自适应滤波器能够有效地预测一些超 混沌序列.(2)预测混沌序列的性能与预测模型的非线性拟合能力有关,但并非非线性程度越 高,预测性能就越好.(3)当HONFIR滤波器对混沌序列的非线性拟合精度高时,其自适应预测 的性能与其输入维数的关系不受Takens嵌入定理的约束.(4)HONFIR自适应滤波器具有一定的 抗噪能力. 关键词： 混沌 非线性模型 滤波器     

非线性时间序列的高阶奇异谱分析

基于反映线性相关结构的协方差矩阵的奇异谱分析，本质上是一种线性的方法.奇异谱分析用于吸引子重构的可靠性问题引发了一些争议.本文基于具有盲高斯噪声及体现非线性相关等性质的高阶累积量，提出了一种高阶的奇异谱分析方法.通过对Hénon映射、Logistic映射和Lorenz模型的分析说明了该方法的有效性，并在不同的延时、嵌入维数、抽样时间及有噪声的情况下表现出较好的鲁棒性. 关键词：     

Modified nonlinear morphological correlation using Laplace filtering

A Laplace filtering based morphological correlation (LBMC) is proposed as a modified approach to improve the properties of the classical morphological correlation (MC). For the LBMC, power spectrum of Laplace operator is introduced to filter the joint power spectrum (JPS) of the MC before final inverse Fourier transform. Computer simulation results show that, as compared with the linear correlation (LC) and the conventional MC, LBMC provides better discrimination capability with sharp and unmistakable correlation signal and its performance metrics are more stable when input scene is corrupted by outlier noise (salt-and-pepper noise) and additive white Gaussian noise. Although the LBMC is not illumination invariant when multiplication illumination factor is larger than unity, considerable discrimination capability is still obtained.     

A survey of numerical methods for nonlinear filtering problems

The main goal of filtering is to obtain, recursively in time, good estimates of the state of a stochastic dynamical system based on noisy partial observations of the same. In settings where the signal/observation dynamics are significantly nonlinear or the noise intensities are high, an extended Kalman filter (EKF), which is essentially a first order approximation to an infinite dimensional problem, can perform quite poorly: it may require very frequent re-initializations and in some situations may even diverge. The theory of nonlinear filtering addresses these difficulties by considering the evolution of the conditional distribution of the state of the system given all the available observations, in the space of probability measures. We survey a variety of numerical schemes that have been developed in the literature for approximating the conditional distribution described by such stochastic evolution equations; with a special emphasis on an important family of schemes known as the particle filters. A numerical study is presented to illustrate that in settings where the signal/observation dynamics are non linear a suitably chosen nonlinear scheme can drastically outperform the extended Kalman filter.     

脉冲响应法测量混响时间技术的研究

本文介绍了一种根据厅堂脉冲响应特性,利用计算机数字信号处理技术,迅速,准确地测量混响时间的实现方法。     

Prediction of reverberation time using the residual minimization method

In many practical situations the assumption of sound field dispersion needed for the application of the Sabine’s theory is not fulfilled. In general, sound field is sufficiently dispersed if there are no large differences in the dimensions of the room, limiting partitions are not parallel, or the sound absorbing material is uniformly distributed. In practice, very few of these requirements are satisfied. As a result, a number of other formulas describing reverberation time have been created, for example Fitzroy’s or Neubauer’s formulas. However, these methods in many cases differ significantly from the actual measurements. The paper presents a method used to estimate reverberation time as well as its applicability potential involving laboratory models and auditorium rooms. The proposed method can be classified into a group of learning methods and involves the use of statistical methods which allow for approximation with the use of the least squares method.     

数字全息技术中散斑噪声滤波算法比较

 在数字全息测量记录过程中,其所记录的全息图易受到散斑噪声的污染造成分辨率下降,同时也严重影响数字全息再现的效果,因此研究适用于数字全息技术中散斑滤波的算法具有重要的实用价值。介绍了中值滤波、Lee滤波、Kuan滤波和SUSAN滤波这四种常用的散斑滤波算法,并将它们运用于数字全息实验所记录图像和数字再现图像的散斑噪声滤波处理中,然后对这四种算法的处理结果进行评价。结果表明,在数字全息技术中使用SUSAN滤波算法进行处理,既明显抑制了散斑噪声,又有效保证了再现图像信息的完整性。     

用标准具测量微小频移的方法研究

针对光学系统表面反射激光和水中受激布里渊散射光通过F-P标准具后所形成的干涉环簇图样,提出了三种计算布里渊频移的方法,即小角度微分法、小角度差值法和环间距比例法。分别对其进行了理论推导,得出了相应的解析表达式,并通过实验进行了验证。使用这三种方法得出的结果分别为8.65GHz,8GHz和7.2GHz,其中由环间距比例法得出的结果与水中布里渊散射频移的理论值7.5GHz符合得最好。通过与已有方法进行比较,结果表明与环间距比例法相差1MHz。分析了各种方法的优缺点以及适用情况和条件。     

Fast estimation of speech transmission index using the reverberation time

The paper presents the function of STI in the domain of reverberation time. Through the application of the said function, we can quickly estimate the speech transmission index, knowing only the time of room reverberation. For that purpose we applied a known method which consists in physical estimation of speech intelligibility basing on the modulation transfer function (MTF) determined in a room. Then, the STI was described using a logarithmic function whereof argument was the room reverberation time. To verify the model, reverberation times of six rooms were measured. The selected rooms were very different deliberately. They had different cubature and shape. The selection included a small cuboid, lecture halls and a church. Then, the same rooms were modeled in the ODEON version 11.23 and their reverberation times were determined. Furthermore, the STI was determined in the ODEON and then compared with the reverberation time obtained in effect of fast estimation. The statistical verification with the use of correlation index and regression equation has demonstrated that the fast estimation yields results close to those obtained in the computer simulation in ODEON. We obtained the correlation index at the level close to 1. Furthermore, the test probability at the level lower than 0.05 bespeaks of a statistically significant linear relation for the confidence level of 95%.     

利用超高速撞击产生的等离子体测量微粒速度的方法研究

超高速微粒在与靶物质撞击时会形成瞬时的等离子体.本文首次设计出两种传感器收集等离子体获取微粒到达传感器的时间,然后通过飞行时间法测量超高速微粒的速度.在等离子体驱动微小碎片加速器上开展了原理实验,采集到了微粒撞击产生的等离子体信号,测量到了超高速微粒的速度,验证了这种时间测量精度高、信噪比高的全新超高速微粒速度的测量方法.