靛红掺杂聚吡咯膜修饰电极的电荷传输

利用交流阻抗法研究了靛红掺杂聚吡咯膜内的电荷传输，通过非线性最小二乘法拟合，得出了体系的等效电路，并计算出其电荷扩散系数和异相电子传递反应速率常数。实验结果表明，随着膜厚的增加，活性点增多，异相电子传递反应速率常数增大，同时表观扩散系数也增大。     

掺杂离子对聚吡咯膜的电化学容量性能的影响

用电化学方法制备了分别以对甲基苯磺酸根(TOS-), 高氯酸根(ClO-4)和氯离子(Cl-)掺杂的聚吡咯(PPy)膜. 用循环伏安(CV)、恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等测试了它们的电化学容量性能. 用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分别研究了这三种PPy膜的形貌和结构. 研究发现, 由于具有疏松多孔的形貌和更有序的分子链结构, PPy-TOS和 PPy-Cl膜具有较好的充放电能力, 在深度充放电时仍具有很小的电化学电阻, 其离子扩散接近理想电容器的离子扩散机理. PPy-Cl(聚合电量2 mAh·cm-2)的比容量在扫描速率为5 mV·s-1时高达270 F·g-1, 扫描速率200 mV·s-1时仍高达175 F·g-1, 特别是, 其比能量高达35.3 mWh·g-1. PPy-TOS由于有质量较大的掺杂离子(TOS-)因而比容量略低(146 F·g-1, 扫描速率5 mV·s-1), 但具有超快速充放电能力, 在扫描速率为200 mV·s-1时, 比容量为123.6 F·g-1, 其比功率高达10 W·g-1. 并且, 两种电极材料均具有稳定的电化学循环性能.     

掺杂靛红的聚吡咯膜的电色效应

制备了掺杂靛红的聚吡咯（ＰＰｙ）膜修饰电极，这种功能化ＰＰｙ膜电极具有很好的电色效应，其颜色变化明显，响应时间短，稳定性好，是一种新型电色材料。     

咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体中磷钼酸掺杂聚吡咯薄膜修饰电极的制备及其电催化活性

以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(BMIMBF4)离子液体作为介质,利用电化学方法在铂电极表面制备了磷钼酸掺杂聚吡咯薄膜;采用扫描电子显微镜观察了所制备的薄膜的形貌,利用热重分析评价了其热稳定性,利用循环伏安法测定了其电化学活性和对甲醇的电催化氧化活性.结果表明,与传统的硫酸溶液相比,以BMI-MBF4离子液体作为反应介质制备的修饰电极的表面形貌更均匀,电化学活性和对甲醇的电催化氧化活性更强.     

亚硝基聚吡咯修饰离子选择性电极的制备及化学性能

用循环伏安法（ＣＶ）制备了聚吡咯亚硝酸根离子选择性电极。表征了电极的性能。在１０－１～５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度范围内电极电位与亚硝酸根离子浓度成良好的线性关系，斜率５１ｍＶ／ＰＮＯ－２。观察了ＮＯ－２在ＰＰｙ膜中掺杂－去掺杂过程，从而验证了电极响应是基于掺杂机理。     

聚ε-己内酯/聚吡咯电纺膜的制备与性能

以吡咯(Py)和聚ε-己内酯(PCL)为原料、氯仿为溶剂,并掺杂一定量的十二烷基硫酸钠制备电纺膜,利用三氯化铁的氧化作用原位生成聚吡咯(PPy).对所得到的PCL/PPy电纺膜用红外光谱进行表征,在扫描电镜和透射电镜下观察纤维形貌,并测定力学性能和体积电阻率.结果表明,所生成的PPy以纳米粒子形式附着在电纺纤维表面,随着Py相对于PCL的质量百分含量由0增加到20%,PCL/PPy电纺膜的纤维直径从(730±341)nm逐渐下降至(325±84)nm;膜的拉伸模量和拉伸强度由不含Py的(25.7±0.8)MPa和(2.48±0.14)MPa分别增加至含有20%Py的(48.4±7.6)MPa和(5.05±0.59)MPa,断裂伸长率由(129±27)%下降至(86.2±9.1)%;体积电阻率降低了2～3个数量级.该PCL/PPy电纺纤维膜以期可作为电活性材料用于功能或生物医用领域.     

吡咯并吡咯二酮与低聚噻吩共聚物电荷传输性质的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论对吡咯并吡咯二酮(DPP)与噻吩形成共聚物的低聚物(PDPP-n T)m的电子结构及二体堆积模型的电荷传输性质进行计算.结果表明,随着聚合物单元内DPP浓度增加,噻吩数减少,聚合物分子的HOMO和LUMO能级同时降低,并且HOMO-LUMO带隙变小;链内相邻DPP单元的电子波函数有效重叠增大,显著改善了链内的电子传输能力;同时分子主链的刚性增强,使分子链间LUMO轨道重叠增强,电子转移积分增大;最终体系由p型向双极性材料转化.     

电聚合导电聚吡咯的合成研究

用电化学法将吡咯单体聚合在电极上，于不同支持电解质的水溶液中得到聚吡啶薄膜。研究了电解质浓度、电解质阴离子种类及聚合时间对聚吡咯薄膜导电性能的影响。     

导电聚合物膜修饰电极的研究Ⅲ: 杂多酸掺杂聚吡咯膜电极的电子自旋共振(ESR)特性研究

本文通过对不同条件下的Co(W_2O_7)_6~(10-)和CuW_(12)O_(40)~(6-)掺杂聚吡膜ESR谱线的分析并以相同条件下NO_3~-掺杂聚吡咯膜作为参照,表明杂聚阴离子不仅起着中和电性的作用,而且与聚吡咯分子链相作用形成某种加合物,它影响聚吡咯的电结构,这种加合物在过正或过负的电位下均不稳定.首次发现在CuW_(12)O_(40)~(6-)掺杂的干态聚吡咯膜具有Dysonian线型,表明膜中其它电结构的存在.     

纳米尺度TiO2／聚吡咯多孔膜电极光电化学研究

用光电流作用谱，光电流－电势图和ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光说研究了ＴｉＯ２／聚吡咯多孔膜电极在不含氧化还原对和含不同氧化还原体系电解质溶液中的光电转换过程。ＴｉＯ２／聚吡咯多孔膜电极双层ｎ型半导体结构，内层ＴｉＯ２多孔膜的禁带宽度为３．２６ｅＶ，外层聚吡咯膜的禁带宽度为２．２ｅＶ。     

Nafion基氧化还原聚合物在空气中的电荷传输性能

利用三明治电池和伏安法测试了不同制备条件的Nafion基氧化还原聚合物膜在空气中的电荷传输性能. 研究结果表明, 混合适量聚乙二醇(PEG)的Nafion基金属联吡啶配合物{Nafion[M(bpy)2+3, PEG](M=Ru, Fe)}膜的表观电荷传递扩散系数(Dct)达到10-6-10-7 cm2·s-1 , 电子或空穴迁移率(μ)达到10-4-10-5 cm2·V-1·s-1. 在导电玻璃(ITO)电极与Nafion基氧化还原聚合物膜界面引入一层导电聚苯胺(PANI)后, 降低了其接触电阻, 使氧化还原聚合物膜的Dct提高至10-5-10-6 cm2·s-1, μ提高至10-3-10-4 cm2·V-1·s-1, 且工作电流提高了近两个数量级. 该固态氧化还原聚合物膜的性能比较稳定, 在空气中放置30天后其Dct和μ降低得很少.     

掺磷钼杂多酸聚吡咯修饰铂微电极对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化

本文报道了掺磷钼杂多酸的聚吡咯修饰电极的制备方法，伏安行为及其对抗坏血酸的电催化效应，该膜电极性能稳定，对抗坏血酸的电催化效果好，抗坏血酸浓度在５×１０＾－７－１．０×１０＾－４范围内与峰电流有良好的线性关系，用于测定和蔬菜和水果中抗坏血酸获得满意结果。     

Control of Charge Transport in the Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 Thin Film

Carrier density and transport properties in the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ thin film have been investigated. It is found that the carrier density, the depletion field, and the charge collection and transport properties in the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ absorber film can be controlled effectively by different concentrations of reactants. That is, the carrier properties and the self‐doping characteristics in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ films are strongly influenced by the reaction thermodynamic and kinetic processes. Furthermore, by employing mixed solvents with ethanol and isopropanol to deposit the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film, the charge collection and transport efficiencies are improved significantly, thereby yielding an overall enhanced cell performance.     

单缺位Dawson型磷钨杂多酸掺杂聚吡咯的过氧化氢传感器研究

在金电极上，用电化学方法将单缺位Ｄａｗｓｏｎ型磷钨杂多酸盐ａ２－Ｋ１０Ｐ２Ｗ１７Ｏ６１１５Ｈ２Ｏ的阴离子（Ｐ２Ｗ１７）掺杂到聚吡咯（ＰＰｙ）薄膜中，制成ＰＰｙ／Ｐ２Ｗ１７／Ａｕ的Ｈ２Ｏ２传感器。研究了它对 Ｈ２Ｏ２电还原过程的催化机理．其 ｉｐｅ与 ＣＨ２Ｏ２在 ６．０× １０－５～８． ８×１０－４ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和８．８×１０－４～６．０×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈良好的线性关系，检测下限为４．０×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。用于模拟水样中Ｈ２Ｏ２的测定，结果较满意．     

密度泛函理论研究边链对苯并菲电荷传输的影响

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-31G**水平上,根据电子转移的半经典模型对含有炔基的不同软链的苯并菲化合物分子的电荷传输性质进行研究。研究表明,所有目标化合物均有利于苯并菲的电荷传输。其中,直接在苯并菲刚性环上引入酰胺基（-CO-NH-）有利于提高正电荷的传输,而间隔基为酯基的单取代化合物的正负电荷传输性质均比较良好。在苯并菲上单取代的分子明显比其双取代、三取代的分子正电荷传输性质好。     

Theoretical Study on the Charge Transport Properties of Coronene and Its Derivatives

Molecular structures, reorganization energies and charge transport matrix elements of coronene and its fluoro-, hydroxyl- and sulfhydryl-substituted derivatives have been studied at the B3LYP/6-31G＊＊ level. Based on the semi-classical model of electron transfer, charge transport rate constants of the title molecules have been calculated. The results indicate that the coronene molecule is helpful to the transport of negative charge, and the transport rate of positive charge is between those of hexaazatriphenylene and triphenylene.     

Ge‐Mediated Modification in Ta3N5 Photoelectrodes with Enhanced Charge Transport for Solar Water Splitting

Ta₃N₅ is a promising photoanode candidate for photoelectrochemical water splitting, with a band gap of about 2.1 eV and a theoretical solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency as high as 15.9 % under AM 1.5 G 100 mW cm^?2 irradiation. However, the presently achieved highest photocurrent (ca. 7.5 mA cm^?2) on Ta₃N₅ photoelectrodes under AM 1.5 G 100 mW cm^?2 is far from the theoretical maximum (ca. 12.9 mA cm^?2), which is possibly due to serious bulk recombination (poor bulk charge transport and charge separation) in Ta₃N₅ photoelectrodes. In this study, we show that volatilization of intentionally added Ge (5 %) during the synthesis of Ta₃N₅ promotes the electron transport and thereby improves the charge‐separation efficiency in bulk Ta₃N₅ photoanode, which affords a 320 % increase of the highest photocurrent comparing with that of pure Ta₃N₅ photoanode under AM 1.5 G 100 mW cm^?2 simulated sunlight.     

The Impact of Interlayer Electronic Coupling on Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors: A Case Study on Titanylphthalocyanine Single Crystals

Traditionally, it is believed that three‐dimensional transport networks are preferable to those of lower dimensions. We demonstrate that inter‐layer electronic couplings may result in a drastic decrease of charge mobilities by utilizing field‐effect transistors (FET) based on two phases of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) crystals. The α‐phase crystals with electronic couplings along two dimensions show a maximum mobility up to 26.8 cm² V^?1 s^?1. In sharp contrast, the β‐phase crystals with extra significant inter‐layer electronic couplings show a maximum mobility of only 0.1 cm² V^?1 s^?1. Theoretical calculations on the bulk crystals and model slabs reveal that the inter‐layer electronic couplings for the β‐phase devices will diminish remarkably the device charge transport abilities owing to the coupling direction perpendicular to the current direction. This work provides new insights into the impact of the dimensionality and directionality of the packing arrangements on charge transport in organic semiconductors.     

Electrochemical Study of a Polypyrrole Film/Decanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayer on a Gold Electrode

Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to study the deposition of polypyrrole on a decanethiol self-assembled monolayer modified gold electrode (PPY/SAM/Au). The voltammetric behavior of the PPY/SAM film was investigated in the presence of several different electrolytes. It is found that the SAM shows great influence on the nucleation and growth of the PPY film. The reaction of the SAM and the anions causes the different voltammetric behavior of the polymerization of pyrrole on the modified electrode. Chronoamperometry shows the nucleation and growth of the PPY is initially inhibited but followed by a rapid increase. The SAM also influences electrochemical behavior of PPY film. Experiments show that the SAM can greatly depress the diffusion of anions in the PPY film, and minimize the background capacitance current.