基于改性亚麻仁油的有机/无机光固化膜的光固化机理及其反应性研究

用亚麻仁油和环戊二烯合成了改性亚麻仁油(NLO)光固化低聚物,其结构用红外光谱(FT-IR)进行了表征.基于改性亚麻仁油、巯基硅氧烷和光引发剂制备了有机/无机杂化光固化膜,对其光固化机理进行了分析,对无机粒子在改性亚麻仁油中的分布用AFM(原子力显微镜)进行了观测,建立了该有机/无机杂化体系的光固化模型.对杂化膜光固化反应性用Photo-差示扫描热分析仪(Photo-Differential Scanning Calorimeter)进行了测试,Photo-DSC测试结果表明:巯基硅氧烷能大大提高改性亚麻仁油体系光固化速率,环烯键对硫醇十分敏感.     

可聚合1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物掺杂聚硅氧烷复合材料的合成及荧光特性

合成了3种可聚合的1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物, 并研究了其在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶液中的光物理性质. 这些化合物表现出的光物理性质与其电子环境有关. 通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了可聚合1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物与硅氧烷的共聚物. 尽管3种萘酰亚胺衍生物C-4位的取代基不同, 但在3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)固凝胶中摩尔分数为0.06%时荧光强度均最大. 利用 ²⁹Si MAS NMR对合成材料进行了表征, 结果表明, 硅氧烷的缩聚程度影响材料的荧光强度, 说明材料中荧光单元的分子运动对材料的荧光性能有重要影响.     

丙烯酸酯/液晶/POSS复合体系光聚合过程中的体积收缩

采用光-流变学方法研究了丙烯酸酯/液晶复合体系的光聚合凝胶时间及体积收缩率,并与密度法测量的体积收缩率进行了对比.结果表明,该复合体系的凝胶时间小于10 s,光-流变学方法可以在线测量丙烯酸酯单体/液晶复合体系的光聚合体积收缩.以2种不同结构的多面体齐聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)掺杂丙烯酸酯/液晶复合体系,八甲基丙烯酰氧基倍半硅氧烷(MA-POSS)使丙烯酸酯/液晶复合体系的双键转化率略有降低,掺杂10 wt%MA-POSS使体系的光聚合体积收缩率仅降低了12%;而甲基丙烯酰氧基七异丁基倍半硅氧烷(MI-POSS)对体系双键转化率的影响较小,显著降低了体系的光聚合体积收缩,掺杂10 wt%MI-POSS使体系的光聚合体积收缩率降低29%.     

近红外光诱导硫醇-环氧逐步光聚合研究

基于上转换材料辅助近红外光聚合技术,开展了近红外（NIR）光诱导硫醇-环氧逐步光聚合的研究。通过红外热成像仪监测了聚合体系的温度变化,利用实时红外测定近红外光辐照下巯基和环氧基的反应速率,采用凝胶渗透色谱表征了所得聚合物的分子量。结果表明,在近红外光辐照下上转换粒子发出紫外-可见光,引发光产碱剂光解产生碱性物质,在近红外光的光-热协同效应下,催化硫醇-环氧体系发生逐步聚合。     

基于倍半硅氧烷的有机-无机杂化材料研究

有机-无机杂化材料兼具有机材料和无机材料的优点,是继单组份材料、复合材料和梯度材料之后的新一代功能材料。基于可以通过分子设计与剪裁的倍半硅氧烷(笼型倍半硅氧烷和无规倍半硅氧烷)无机前驱体,利用多种方法如反应性共混法、溶胶-凝胶法、光固化、原子转移自由基聚合、自组装技术等制备一系列高性能聚合物/倍半硅氧烷有机-无机纳米杂化材料。     

采用巯基-BPO氧化还原引发体系实现GMA在硅胶微粒表面的高效接枝聚合

使用偶联剂γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPMS,KH-590),对微米级硅胶微粒进行了表面化学改性,制得了表面带有巯基的改性微粒MPMS-SiO2.使改性微粒MPMS-SiO2表面的巯基与溶液中的BPO构成氧化-还原引发体系,实现了油溶性单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)在硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合,制得了接枝度为26g/100g的接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及热重分析(TGA)等方法对接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2进行了表征。在此基础上,重点研究了主要因素对巯基-BPO体系引发GMA接枝聚合的影响.研究结果表明,巯基-BPO体系引发的接枝聚合,由于活性位点位于固体表面,因此也是一种表面引发接枝法。与在固体微粒表面引入可聚合双键的"穿过接枝"("grafting through")法相比,巯基-BPO引发体系可更有效地实现油溶性单体的接枝聚合.为制得高接枝度的接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2,适宜的温度为55℃,适宜的BPO用量为单体的1wt%左右,适宜的单体浓度为10 wt%。     

巯基-内酰胺引发活性自由基接枝聚合制备凹凸棒土/聚苯乙烯杂化粒子的研究

通过γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MTS)与凹凸棒土(ATP)表面上的羟基发生脱醇反应,制得表面巯基化的改性粒子ATP-MTS;基于“引发剂转移终止剂”(iniferter)原理,构建巯基-己内酰胺(thiol-caprolactam)双组份引发剂转移终止体系引发苯乙烯活性自由基接枝聚合,制得表面接枝聚苯乙烯的杂化粒子ATP-g-PS.通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热失重分析(TGA)、高分辨率透射电镜(TEM)等方法对杂化粒子ATP-g-PS的结构、组成、形貌进行了表征.结果表明,巯基-己内酰胺双组份引发剂转移终止体系可有效实现苯乙烯的活性接枝聚合,聚苯乙烯成功接枝到改性粒子ATP-MTS表面;模拟实验表明聚合体系呈现活性聚合的特征,单体转化率和PS的分子量均随反应时间的增加而增大,TGA结果表明制得的杂化粒子表面PS接枝率为33.3％.     

“可点击”丙烯酸酯聚合物的合成及其巯-炔光交联研究

通过丙烯酰氯和1-乙炔基1-环己醇的酯化反应,制备了乙炔基功能化的丙烯酸酯功能单体1-乙炔基环己基丙烯酯(ECA)。以该单体与丙烯酸甲酯(MA)进行自由基聚合反应,合成了乙炔基功能化均聚物(PECA)和共聚物(PMA-co-PECA),用1 HNMR、FT-IR、GPC等对其结构进行了表征。结果表明:在自由基聚合过程中,ECA中的乙炔基得以保留,所得到的乙炔基功能化聚合物可溶于普通有机溶剂,如氯仿、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃、丙酮等。实时红外跟踪了PMA-co-PECA与三羟甲基丙烷三巯基丙酸酯经光引发的巯-炔反应,得到交联的聚合物网络,凝胶分数大于90%,表明聚合物链上保留的乙炔基与巯基的加成反应有较高的活性,可以通过硫醇-炔点击反应实现快速功能化。     

构建巯基-Ce(Ⅳ)盐氧化还原引发体系实现丙烯腈在硅胶微粒表面的高效接枝聚合

使用偶联剂γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPMS,KH-590),对微米级硅胶微粒进行了表面化学改性,将巯基引入硅胶微粒表面(SiO2-MPMS),构成巯基-Ce(Ⅳ)盐氧化-还原引发体系,探索研究了丙烯腈在硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合,制得了高接枝度(30 g/100g)的接枝微粒SiO2-MPMS-g-PAN.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及热重分析(TGA)等方法对接枝微粒SiO2-MPMS-g-PAN进行了表征.在此基础上,重点研究了主要因素对巯基-Ce(Ⅳ)盐体系引发AN接枝聚合的影响.研究结果表明,类似于羟基-Ce(Ⅳ)盐体系,巯基-Ce(Ⅳ)盐体系也可以有效地引发乙烯基单体在固体微粒表面接枝聚合.与在固体微粒表面引入可聚合双键的"grafting through"接枝聚合法相比,铈盐引发的接枝聚合,由于活性位点居于载体表面,故具有高的接枝度,是一种高效率的表面引发接枝法.为制得高接枝度的接枝微粒SiO2-MPMS-g-PAN,本研究体系适宜的酸浓度为0.25 mol/L;Ce(Ⅳ)盐浓度为5.0×10-3 mol/L;接枝聚合宜在50℃下进行.     

官能团化POSS及多臂星形聚酯的合成与表征

利用八乙烯基多面体齐聚倍半硅氧烷(OVPOSS)与2-巯基乙醇、1-巯基甘油或半胱胺盐酸盐发生高效的"巯基-烯"点击化学反应,制备了表面分别含有8个或16个羟基以及8个氨基的3种POSS衍生物POSS-8OH、POSS-16OH和POSS-8NH2,采用核磁共振波谱(1H-, 13C-NMR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)详细表征了它们的化学结构.随后,利用POSS-8OH和POSS-16OH中的羟基分别引发ε-己内酯(ε-CL)和2-乙氧基-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷(EOP)进行开环聚合,成功合成了疏水性八臂和十六臂星形聚己内酯(POSS-8PCL和POSS-16PCL)以及亲水性八臂星形聚磷酸酯(POSS-8PEEP).利用FTIR、1H-NMR、13CNMR、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和热失重分析(TGA)表征了星形聚酯的化学结构、分子量和分子量分布以及热稳定性.     

铜电极表面硅烷膜的自组装及其性能研究

应用自组装技术在铜电极表面上制备3巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷自组装膜.红外光谱研究该自组装膜结构,电化学方法考察3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷膜在5%NaCl溶液中对铜电极的缓蚀性能.结果表明,于不同浓度的3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷乙醇溶液中自组装的硅烷膜表现出较好的抗腐蚀性.     

Modification of Silica by Liquid Polybutadienes Containing Alkoxysilane Groups

Summary : The present work describes a method to modify the surface of silica, reducing its polar character and making it compatible and dispersible into hydrocarbon based elastomers. A liquid low molar mass polybutadiene (PB) was grafted with mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) via radical addition of the thiol group to the double bonds. The silanized PB was reacted with silica via thermal condensation with its silanol groups. ²⁹Si NMR spectra showed that the condensation reaction of the trifunctional silane involved one or two alkoxy groups, while the third alkoxy group remained unreacted, probably for steric reasons. The characterization of the functionalized silica particles was performed by contact angle measurements and TGA analysis.     

Fabrication of a high thermal-stable methacrylate-silicate hybrid nanocomposite: hydrolytic versus non-hydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of methacryl-oligosiloxanes

A high thermal-stable methacrylate-silicate hybrid nanocomposite (hybrimer) was fabricated based on UV-induced polymerization of a highly-condensed methacryl-oligosiloxane resin (Hy-MO). The Hy-MO resin was newly synthesized via an acid-catalyzed hydrolytic sol–gel reaction of 3-(methacryloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS) and diphenyldimethoxysilane. The basic properties of Hy-MO were compared with a conventional resin prepared by a Ba(OH)₂·H₂O-catalyzed non-hydrolytic sol–gel reaction of MPTS and diphenylsilanediol (N-MO). It was found that Hy-MO have a higher siloxane condensation degree, larger molecular size and weight than the N-MO due to the highly mobile proton ions that effectively catalyze the overall sol–gel reaction. The resultant Hy-MO hybrimer showed a higher thermal stability than N-MO hybrimer.     

Novel siloxane‐carrying dithiol derived from 5‐membered cyclic dithiocarbonate and its curing reactions for coating application

A new efficient and straightforward method to convert amines into siloxane‐thiol hybrid molecules was developed. The method relies on the nucleophilic addition of amines to a cyclic dithiocarbonate having siloxane moiety (DTC‐Si), and the successive ring‐opening reaction of the dithiocarbonate moiety to give the corresponding acyclic thiourethane having a thiol moiety. Based on this method, amine‐terminated poly(propylene glycol) was successfully transformed into the corresponding polyether having thiol‐terminals and siloxane groups. In the presence of moisture, the alkoxysilyl moiety underwent condensation reaction to make the polyether cured into a transparent resin having solvent‐resistance. Addition of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (Bis A‐DGE) to the curing process resulted in two simultaneous reactions, i.e., (1) condensation of siloxane part and (2) addition reaction of the thiol terminal and the epoxide group. When this curing process was carried out on a glass surface, the siloxane part reacted with silanol group on the surface, forming a coating layer having excellent mechanical toughness graded as maximum 7H by pencil toughness test (JIS‐K5400). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5119–5126, 2005     

Synthesis and properties of thermoplastic and dissolvable polysiloxanes containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

There are many benefits associated with thermoplastic silicones, but very few examples exist: silicone resins or rubbers are normally thermosets. In this article, a facile and efficient approach was reported to prepare thermoplastic silicone by introducing a bulky side siloxane group. Monofunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), as the bulky siloxane group, was grafted onto the linear polysiloxane backbone via thiol–ene click reaction, endowing the liquid polysiloxane with thermoplastic nature. The POSS-grafted polysiloxane could be remolded by a hot-melting or solution casting process. It was worth noting that the novel thermoplastic silicone was composed of both linear siloxane main chains and siloxane side groups, which was distinctly different from previous researches on thermoplastic silicones consisted of siloxane main chains and organic side groups. Thermal analysis, rheological characterization and molecular dynamics simulation results revealed the thermoplastic properties of POSS-grafted polysiloxane depended on the bulky POSS's hindrance to the movement of the polymer backbone rather than the interaction between the organic side groups.     

Fabrication of Siloxane Hybrid Material With High Adhesion and High Refractive Index for Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Encapsulation

A novel inorganic-organic siloxane hybrid material with self-adhesion ability and high refractive index for high-power light emitting diodes (LEDs) encapsulation is introduced. Under the catalysis of an anion exchange resin, the hybrid material was synthesized by a sol-gel condensation process from methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (MPTS), γ-(2, 3-epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane (EPTS) and diphenylsilanediol (DPSD). This hybrid material was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹H-NMR. The resin-type encapsulation material was then prepared by hydrosilylation of the newly synthesized inorganic-organic siloxane hybrid material and methylphenyl hydrogen-containing silicone resin. The cured silicone resin-type encapsulation material can be used as a LEDs encapsulant, owing to high refractive index (n = 1.544), high transparency, appropriate hardness, and excellent thermal stability, as well as good adhesive strength between the encapsulating material and the substrate of LED lead frame.     

New hybrid materials based on double‐functionalized linseed oil and halloysite

A series of hybrid systems which combine double‐functionalized linseed oil (methacrylated epoxidized linseed oil) and 2 types of functionalized halloysite (methacrylated halloysite and epoxidized halloysite) was designed in the current study. The curing of the new formulated oil‐clay mixtures was performed via 2 different mechanisms under the influence of the temperature: free‐radical and anionic polymerization. The effect of the functionalized clay tubes against the oil‐based macromonomer reactivity, representing the focus of this study, was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, concluding that both types of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) exhibit significant influence on the building of methacrylate/epoxy networks. The effect of the HNTs on the methacrylated epoxidized linseed oil network properties was studied by dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, and the morphology of the synthesized hybrids was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results suggested that the designed oil‐based hybrid performance is determined by the presence of the both HNT molecules.     

Dipolar orientation stabilities of hybrid films for second-order nonlinear optical applications

Organic–inorganic hybrid films containing nonlinear optical (NLO) active chromophores were prepared through the polyaddition of methacrylate and hydrolytic polycondensation of sila-functional alkoxy groups of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TSPM) which is capable of forming carbon–carbon and siloxane chains, respectively. The NLO-active chromophores are designed and synthesized to be covalently grafted to the carbon–carbon or the siloxane chains. The comparative study of the two different incorporation methods reveals that the poled hybrid film with NLO-active chromophores bonded to siloxane chains would possess a more stable dipolar orientation.     

Synthesis and Characterization of a Bio-Based Resin from Linseed Oil

Summary: The use of renewable raw materials in the polymer industries is becoming increasingly popular because of environmental concerns and the need to substitute fossil resources. Plant oils with triglyceride backbones can be chemically modified and used to synthesize polymers from renewable resources (biopolymers). In the present study, linseed oil was epoxidized using a chemo-enzymatic method based on Candida Antarctica lipase B (CALB) as a biocatalyst and the modified linseed oil was cured using maleinated linseed oil and a commercial polyamide resin. The amount of epoxidation achieved depended on the amount of lipase used and was determined by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. With 20% (weight per weight) catalyst concentration based on the wt % of oil a degree of epoxidation of > 90% was achieved. The cross-linking reaction of epoxidized linseed oil with the maleinated linseed oil and the polyamide resin was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC traces showed that an increase in epoxidation degree lead to larger values for the exothermic enthalpy integrals of the curing reactions and hence to a higher reactivity of the linseed oil towards the cross-linking agents.