An efficient synthesis of a spirocyclic oxindole analogue

An efficient, scaleable synthesis approach towards the spirocyclic oxindole analogue 1'-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine]-5-carboxylic acid (1) is described. The key steps are dianion alkylation and cyclization of ethyl 2- oxindoline-5-carboxylate (4) and demethylation of the resulting spirocyclic oxindole ethyl 1'-methyl-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine]-5-carboxylate (5). The target compound was obtained in an overall yield of 35 % over eight steps without resorting to chromatographic purification.     

Stereoselective synthesis of spirocyclic oxindoles based on a one-pot Ullmann coupling/Claisen rearrangement and its application to the synthesis of a hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole alkaloid

An efficient and convenient approach to the synthesis of spirocyclic oxindoles from iodoindoles has been developed. The most striking feature of this approach is that the sequential intramolecular Ullmann coupling and Claisen rearrangement proceeds in a one-pot manner to afford 3-spiro-2-oxindoles in good yield with excellent diastereoselectivity. Application of this one-pot reaction to chiral non-racemic tertiary alcohol substrates resulted in complete chirality transfer to the spirocyclic quaternary carbon. Using this method, asymmetric total synthesis of (−)-debromoflustramine B was accomplished.     

Claisen amino rearrangement as a method for synthesis of C-cycloalkenylanilines

Conclusions The reaction of 3-chlorocycloalkenes with excess aromatic amine leads to o-(2-cycloalkenyl)-substituted aromatic amines.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2160–2162, September, 1982.     

Biomimetic total synthesis of forbesione and desoxymorellin utilizing a tandem Claisen/Diels--Alder/Claisen rearrangement

A concise synthesis of forbesione (1) and desoxymorellin (3) is presented. Central to the strategy is a biomimetic Claisen/Diels-Alder/Claisen reaction cascade that proceeds in a regioselective manner and produces the desired scaffold exclusively. The observed regioselectivity and product distribution of the Claisen/Diels-Alder/Claisen reaction are attributed to the electronic effects of the xanthone oxygen (O10), the C9 carbonyl group and the nature of the C1 functionality.     

Microwave-assisted Claisen rearrangement on a silica gel support

A fast, efficient and environmentally benign solvent-free procedure has been developed for microwave-assisted Claisen rearrangement on a silica gel support. Various bis-allyl ketones were prepared using this protocol.     

A short and efficient synthesis of honokiol via Claisen rearrangement

A concise and efficient total synthesis of honokiol, a biphenyl-type neolignan is accomplished in six steps using readily available and cost-effective reagents. The synthetic route involves mainly the Grignard reaction, iodine mediated aromatization, and Claisen rearrangement as key steps. A predominant formation of honokiol (1a) was observed in the Claisen rearrangement under microwave irradiation whereas the isohonokiol (1b) was formed as a major product under conventional conditions.     

Modular synthesis of candidate indole-based insulin mimics by Claisen rearrangement

A modular synthetic route to (indolyl)kojic acid anti-diabetes agents has been developed. Sonogashira coupling of a protected iodoaniline with a propargyl kojate was used to construct an (indole)methyl kojate. Its heteroaromatic Claisen rearrangement, followed by tautomerization to return the indole and pyrone rings, was used to create the biaryl C-C bond. This route should enable collections of insulin mimic drug candidates to be prepared from a few basic building blocks.     

Decarboxylative Claisen rearrangement reactions: synthesis and reactivity of alkylidene-substituted indolines

Microwave-assisted decarboxylative Claisen rearrangement (dCr) reactions of substituted acetate derivatives of 3-(hydroxyalkyl)indoles give de-aromatised products. The reactivity of the resultant compounds was evaluated.     

A sequential Claisen/ring-closing metathesis approach to the synthesis of spirocyclic cyclopentanes and cyclohexanes

A new method for the formation of spirocycles is described using a sequential Ireland-Claisen/Metathesis strategy to construct spirocyclic systems. Optimization of the Ireland-Claisen conditions provides the key metathesis substrates. The metathesis reactions were highly regioselective by virtue of steric hindrance in the substrate olefins.     

Catalytic enantioselective Meerwein-Eschenmoser Claisen rearrangement: asymmetric synthesis of allyl oxindoles

The first catalytic, enantioselective Meerwein-Eschenmoser Claisen rearrangement has been achieved. Palladium(II) BINAP or phosphinooxazoline catalysts were employed to generate oxindole products with 100% conversion and up to 92% ee.     

The synthesis of a 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane by rearrangement of a spirocyclic epoxide

An unusual rearrangement of a 1-oxa-6-azaspiro[2.5]octane derivative giving access to novel 5-substituted 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes is described. The synthetic application of the reaction is demonstrated by the synthesis of N-Boc-2,3-methano-β-proline. The amino acid was prepared through a three-step synthesis from easily available reagents in an overall yield of 15%.     

Formal synthesis of erythrodiene and spirojatamol via rhodium-catalysed Claisen rearrangement/hydroacylation

A novel procedure allows the synthesis of spiro[4.5]decane-1,6-dione 1, a key intermediate in the total synthesis of erythrodiene and spirojatamol. The key step is a combination of Claisen rearrangement of allyl vinyl ethers followed by an intramolecular hydroacylation catalysed by RhCl(cod)(dppe).     

Microwave-assisted Claisen rearrangement of naphthyl 2-propynyl ethers: synthesis of naphthofurans

An efficient two-step approach for the synthesis of naphtho[1,2-b]furans and naphtho[2,1-b]furans has been developed. Various functionalized propargyl alcohols were etherified with α- or β-naphthol under Mitsunobu reaction conditions to give naphthyl 2-propynyl ethers, which underwent a facile microwave-assisted Claisen rearrangement and concomitant anionic cyclization to yield naphthofuran derivatives under basic reaction conditions.     

Double decarboxylative Claisen rearrangement reactions: microwave-assisted de novo synthesis of pyridines

Microwave-assisted double decarboxylative Claisen rearrangement of bis(allyl) 2-tosylmalonates provides substituted 1,6-heptadienes, which may be alkylated, and then converted into pyridines by ozonolysis followed by reaction with ammonia generated in situ under microwave conditions.     

Novel sulfur-containing amidecrownophanes: synthesis via tandem Claisen rearrangement and an unpredicted mercuration

Two novel sulfur-containing amidecrownophanes, 3a (N₂S) and 3b (N₂S₂), were synthesized by diacyl chloride-diamine sulfide coupling reactions followed by the tandem Claisen rearrangement of macrocycles 2a and 2b as precursors, respectively. The reactivity of the titled macrocycles with some transition and heavy metal ions was examined. The most salient feature of the reactions is the mercurated dihydrobenzofuran 4 derived from 3b and Hg(OAc)₂. The X-ray crystal structures of 4 as well as 2a and 2b were revealed.     

Intramolecular electrophilic hydroarylation via Claisen rearrangement: synthesis of chromenes, heterothiochromenes and heterodihydrothiochromenes

We have designed and synthesized several basic and novel fused ring heterocycles by intramolecular hydroarylation with an efficiency and scope to develop intermediates of potential value. This method demonstrated consistent performance with arene-ene and arene-yne substrates of diverse structural features, including propargyl ethers, allyl thioethers, and propargyl thioethers resulting in 6-endo products.     

Stereoselective synthesis of substituted dienes by the double ortho ester Claisen rearrangement

This letter shows the highly stereoselective synthesis of substituted (E)-1,3-dienes from substituted propargylic diols via the double ortho ester Claisen rearrangement. The cyclohexyl-substituted diene undergoes thermal Diels-Alder cycloaddition with maleic anhydride to produce the corresponding bicyclic diester in highly stereoselective manner.     

Total synthesis of (±)-heliannuol C and E via aromatic Claisen rearrangement

The total synthesis of heliannuol C and E from a common intermediate are described. Key steps in the synthesis include a regioselective aromatic Claisen rearrangement to install the (1-vinyl)-4-methyl-3-pentenyl substituent and regioselective biomimetic 7-endo and 6-exo phenol epoxide cyclizations to form the cyclic ether moieties.