On a Class of Hungarian Semigroups and the Factorization Theorem of Khinchin

Let G be a connected reductive Lie group and K be a maximal compact subgroup of G. We prove that the semigroup of all K-biinvariant probability measures on G is a strongly stable Hungarian semigroup. Combining with the result [see Rusza and Szekely⁽⁹⁾], we get that the factorization theorem of Khinchin holds for the aforementioned semigroup. We also prove that certain subsemigroups of K-biinvariant measures on G are Hungarian semigroups when G is a connected Lie group such that Ad G is almost algebraic and K is a maximal compact subgroup of G. We also prove a p-adic analogue of these results.     

Two versions of the Nikodym maximal function on the Heisenberg group

The classical Nikodym maximal function on the Euclidean plane R² is defined as the supremum over averages over rectangles of eccentricity N; its operator norm in L²(R²) is known to be O(logN). We consider two variants, one on the standard Heisenberg group H¹ and the other on the polarized Heisenberg group . The latter has logarithmic L² operator norm, while the former has the L² operator norm which grows essentially of order O(N1/4). We shall imbed these two maximal operators in the family of operators associated to the hypersurfaces {(x₁,x₂,αx₁x₂)} in the Heisenberg group H¹ where the exceptional blow up in N occurs when α=0.     

On spherical functions on the group SU(2) × SU(2) × SU(2)

We consider the group G:= SU(2) × ... × SU(2) (l factors), where SU(2) is the group of unitary 2 × 2 matrices with unit determinant. Let K ≃ SU(2) be the diagonal subgroup of G. We obtain the generating function of all K-spherical functions on G.     

Optimal mass transportation in the Heisenberg group

In this paper we consider the problem of optimal transportation of absolutely continuous masses in the Heisenberg group H_n, in the case when the cost function is either the square of the Carnot-Carathéodory distance or the square of the Korányi norm. In both cases we show existence and uniqueness of an optimal transport map. In the former case the proof requires a delicate analysis of minimizing geodesics of the group and of the differentiability properties of the squared distance function. In the latter case the proof requires some fine properties of BV functions in the Heisenberg group.     

Ising limit of a Heisenberg XXZ magnet and some temperature correlation functions

We consider the Heisenberg spin-1/2 XXZ magnet in the case where the anisotropy parameter tends to infinity (the so-called Ising limit). We find the temperature correlation function of a ferromagnetic string above the ground state. Our approach to calculating correlation functions is based on expressing the wave function in the considered limit in terms of Schur symmetric functions. We show that the asymptotic amplitude of the above correlation function at low temperatures is proportional to the squared number of strict plane partitions in a box.     

Einstein homogeneous bisymmetric fibrations

We consider a homogeneous fibration G/L → G/K, with symmetric fiber and base, where G is a compact connected semisimple Lie group and L has maximal rank in G. We suppose the base space G/K is isotropy irreducible and the fiber K/L is simply connected. We investigate the existence of G-invariant Einstein metrics on G/L such that the natural projection onto G/K is a Riemannian submersion with totally geodesic fibers. These spaces are divided in two types: the fiber K/L is isotropy irreducible or is the product of two irreducible symmetric spaces. We classify all the G-invariant Einstein metrics with totally geodesic fibers for the first type. For the second type, we classify all these metrics when G is an exceptional Lie group. If G is a classical Lie group we classify all such metrics which are the orthogonal sum of the normal metrics on the fiber and on the base or such that the restriction to the fiber is also Einstein.     

Gelfand pairs on the Heisenberg group and Schwartz functions

Let Hn be the (2n+1)-dimensional Heisenberg group and K a compact group of automorphisms of Hn such that (K?Hn,K) is a Gelfand pair. We prove that the Gelfand transform is a topological isomorphism between the space of K-invariant Schwartz functions on Hn and the space of Schwartz function on a closed subset of Rs homeomorphic to the Gelfand spectrum of the Banach algebra of K-invariant integrable functions on Hn.     

Actions of compact groups on coherent sheaves

We consider actions of compact real Lie GroupsK on complex spacesX such that the associated reducedK-space admits a semistable quotient, e.g.X is a Stein space. We show that there is a complex spaceX ^c endowed with a holomorphic action of the universal complexificationG ofK that containsX as an openK-stable subset. As our main result, we prove that every coherentK-sheaf onX extends uniquely to a holomorphicG-sheaf onX ^c .Supported by a Heisenberg Stipendium of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Integral Representations for Correlation Functions of the XXZ Heisenberg Chain

We consider new integral representations for two-point correlation functions of local spins 1/2 in the XXZ Heisenberg chain.     

Multiplicity-free actions and the geometry of nilpotent orbits

Let G be a reductive Lie group. Take a maximal compact subgroup K of G and denote their Lie algebras by and respectively. We get a Cartan decomposition . Let be the complexification of , and the complexified decomposition. The adjoint action restricted to K preserves the space , hence acts on , where denotes the complexification of K. In this paper, we consider a series of small nilpotent -orbits in which are obtained from the dual pair ([R. Howe, Transcending classical invariant theory. J. Amer. Math. Soc. 2 (1989), no. 3, 535–552]). We explain astonishing simple structures of these nilpotent orbits using generalized null cones. For example, these orbits have a linear ordering with respect to the closure relation, and acts on them in multiplicity-free manner. We clarify the -module structure of the regular function ring of the closure of these nilpotent orbits in detail, and prove the normality. All these results naturally comes from the analysis on the null cone in a matrix spaceW , and the double fibration of nilpotent orbits in and . The classical invariant theory assures that the regular functions on our nilpotent orbits are coming from harmonic polynomials on W with repspect to or . We also provide many interesting examples of multiplicity-free actions on conic algebraic varieties. Received November 1, 1999 / Published online October 30, 2000     

Revisiting Hardy's theorem for the Heisenberg group

We establish several versions of Hardy's theorem for the Fourier transform on the Heisenberg group. Let be the Fourier transform of a function f on and assume where is the heat kernel associated to the sublaplacian. We show that if then whenever . When we replace the condition on f by where is the Fourier transform of f in the t-variable. Under suitable assumptions on the ‘spherical harmonic coefficients’ of we prove: (i) when a=b; (ii) when a > b there are infinitely many linearly independent functions f satisfying both conditions on and . Received: 9 January 2001 / in final form: 17 April 2001 Published online: 1 February 2002     

The coarea formula for real‐valued Lipschitz maps on stratified groups

We establish a coarea formula for real‐valued Lipschitz maps on stratified groups when the domain is endowed with a homogeneous distance and level sets are measured by the Q – 1 dimensional spherical Hausdorff measure. The number Q is the Hausdorff dimension of the group with respect to its Carnot–Carathéodory distance. We construct a Lipschitz function on the Heisenberg group which is not approximately differentiable on a set of positive measure, provided that the Euclidean notion of differentiability is adopted. The coarea formula for stratified groups also applies to this function, where the Euclidean one clearly fails. This phenomenon shows that the coarea formula holds for the natural class of Lipschitz functions which arises from the geometry of the group and that this class may be strictly larger than the usual one. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Directed Projection Functions of Convex Bodies

For 1 ≤ i < j < d, a j-dimensional subspace L of and a convex body K in , we consider the projection K|L of K onto L. The directed projection function v _i,j (K;L,u) is defined to be the i-dimensional size of the part of K|L which is illuminated in direction u ∈ L. This involves the i-th surface area measure of K|L and is motivated by Groemer’s [17] notion of semi-girth of bodies in . It is well-known that centrally symmetric bodies are determined (up to translation) by their projection functions, we extend this by showing that an arbitrary body is determined by any one of its directed projection functions. We also obtain a corresponding stability result. Groemer [17] addressed the case i = 1, j = 2, d = 3. For j > 1, we then consider the average of v _1,j (K;L,u) over all spaces L containing u and investigate whether the resulting function determines K. We will find pairs (d,j) for which this is the case and some pairs for which it is false. The latter situation will be seen to be related to some classical results from number theory. We will also consider more general averages for the case of centrally symmetric bodies. The research of the first author was supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-9971202 and that of the second author by a grant from the Volkswagen Foundation.     

Normal zeta functions of the Heisenberg groups over number rings II — the non-split case

We compute explicitly the normal zeta functions of the Heisenberg groups H(R), where R is a compact discrete valuation ring of characteristic zero. These zeta functions occur as Euler factors of normal zeta functions of Heisenberg groups of the form H(O_K), where O_K is the ring of integers of an arbitrary number field K, at the rational primes which are non-split in K. We show that these local zeta functions satisfy functional equations upon inversion of the prime.     

Representations of algebraic groups over a 2-dimensional local field

We introduce a categorical framework for the study of representations of G(F), where G is a reductive group, and F is a 2-dimensional local field, i.e. F = K((t)), where K is a local field. Our main result says that the space of functions on G(F), which is an object of a suitable category of representations of G(F) with the respect to the action of G on itself by left translations, becomes a representation of a certain central extension of G(F), when we consider the action by right translations.     

Uniform estimates for spherical functions on complex semisimple Lie groups

We prove new estimates for spherical functions and their derivatives on complex semisimple Lie groups, establishing uniform polynomial decay in the spectral parameter. This improves the customary estimate arising from Harish-Chandra's series expansion, which gives only a polynomial growth estimate in the spectral parameter. In particular, for arbitrary positive-definite spherical functions on higher rank complex simple groups, we establish estimates for which are of the form in the spectral parameter and have uniform exponential decay in regular directions in the group variable a _t . Here is an explicit constant depending on G, and may be singular, for instance.?The uniformity of the estimates is the crucial ingredient needed in order to apply classical spectral methods and Littlewood—Paley—Stein square functions to the analysis of singular integrals in this context. To illustrate their utility, we prove maximal inequalities in L ^p for singular sphere averages on complex semisimple Lie groups for all p in . We use these to establish singular differentiation theorems and pointwise ergodic theorems in L ^p for the corresponding singular spherical averages on locally symmetric spaces, as well as for more general measure preserving actions. Submitted: May 2000, Revised version: October 2000.     

On the ideal of functions with compact support in pointfree function rings

As usual, let RL\mathcal{R}L denote the ring of real-valued continuous functions on a completely regular frame L. We consider the ideals R_s(L)\mathcal{R}_{s}(L) and R_K(L)\mathcal{R}_{K}(L) consisting, respectively, of functions with small cozero elements and functions with compact support. We show that, as in the classical case of C(X), the first ideal is the intersection of all free maximal ideals, and the second is the intersection of pure parts of all free maximal ideals. A corollary of this latter result is that, in fact, R_K(L)\mathcal{R}_{K}(L) is the intersection of all free ideals. Each of these ideals is pure, free, essential or zero iff the other has the same feature. We observe that these ideals are free iff L is a continuous frame, and essential iff L is almost continuous (meaning that below every nonzero element there is a nonzero element the pseudocomplement of which induces a compact closed quotient). We also show that these ideals are zero iff L is nowhere compact (meaning that non-dense elements induce non-compact closed quotients).     

The Classification of Complex Factor-Representations of the Three-Dimensional Heisenberg Group over a Countable Group Field of Finite Characteristic

We consider a field F that is a direct limit of an increasing chain of finite fields, and describe the Bratteli diagram, complex factor-representations, and projective moduli of the Heisenberg group of 3 × 3 upper-triangular matrices with elements from F. Bibliography: 3 titles.     

Positive definite temperature functions on the Heisenberg group

We characterize positive definite temperature functions, i.e., positive definite solutions of the heat equation, on the Heisenberg group in terms of the initial values. We also obtain an integral representation for positive definite and U(n)-invariant temperature functions with polynomial growth, where U(n) is the group of all n× n unitary matrices.     

Best Constants for Moser-Trudinger Inequalities, Fundamental Solutions and One-Parameter Representation Formulas on Groups of Heisenberg Type

We derive the explicit fundamental solutions for a class of degenerate (or singular) one-parameter subelliptic differential operators on groups of Heisenberg (H) type. This extends the results of Kaplan of the sub-Laplacian on H-type groups, which in turn generalizes Folland's result on the Heisenberg group. As an application, we obtain a one-parameter representation formula for Sobolev functions of compact support on H-type groups. By choosing the parameter equal to the homogeneous dimension Q and using the Moser-Trudinger inequality for the convolutional type operator on stratified groups obtained in [18], we get the following theorem which gives the best constant for the Moser-Trudinger inequality for Sobolev functions in H-type groups. Let ${\Bbb G}We derive the explicit fundamental solutions for a class of degenerate (or singular) one-parameter subelliptic differential operators on groups of Heisenberg (H) type. This extends the results of Kaplan of the sub-Laplacian on H-type groups, which in turn generalizes Folland's result on the Heisenberg group. As an application, we obtain a one-parameter representation formula for Sobolev functions of compact support on H-type groups. By choosing the parameter equal to the homogeneous dimension Q and using the Moser-Trudinger inequality for the convolutional type operator on stratified groups obtained in [18], we get the following theorem which gives the best constant for the Moser-Trudinger inequality for Sobolev functions in H-type groups. Let ? be any group of Heisenberg type whose Lie algebra is g enerated by m left invariant vector fields and with a q-dimensional center. Let and Then, with A _Q as the sharp constant, where ∇_? denotes the subellitpic gradient on ? This continues the research originated in our earlier study of the best constants in Moser-Trudinger inequalities and fundamental solutions for one-parameter subelliptic operators on the Heisenberg group [18]. Received March 15, 2001, Accepted September 21, 2001