Rate amplification of the two photon emission from para-hydrogen toward the neutrino mass measurement

We recently reported an experiment which focused on demonstrating the macro-coherent amplification mechanism. This mechanism, which was proposed for neutrino mass measurements, indicates that a multi-particle emission rate should be amplified by coherence in a suitable medium. Using a para-hydrogen molecule gas target and the adiabatic Raman excitation method, we observed that the two photon emission rate was amplified by a factor of more than 10¹⁵ from the spontaneous emission rate. This paper briefly summarizes the previous experimental result and presents the current status and the future prospect.     

Influence of annealing conditions on the properties of reinforced silver-embedded silica matrix from the cheap silica source

The influence of annealing conditions on the properties of reinforced silver-embedded silica matrix was systematically investigated in the present study. The samples were prepared via a recently reported method using sodium silicate as a silica precursor. Aluminium ions were used to reinforce and improve the chemical durability of silver-embedded silica; and the mole ratio of the precursors was fixed at Al/Ag = 1. The properties of the final product were examined in relation to its counterparts; namely pure silica, aluminium-embedded silica (without silver), and silver doped silica (without aluminium). The materials were heat treated at the range of 600-1000 °C under the constant supply of argon (inert atmosphere). The properties of the final product were compared with those of the previously reported materials prepared via the same method but calcined in air. The current material was found to have pure silver nanoparticles (without AgCl nanoparticles) while the previous material had both silver and AgCl nanoparticles. The results demonstrate that materials with more desirable properties can be obtained by this newly developed technique while utilizing sodium silicate, which is relatively cheap, as a silica precursor. This may significantly boost the industrial production of the silver-embedded silicas for various applications.     

测量光学玻璃电流传感头线性双折射的新方法

线性双折射是光学(含光纤)电流传感头的重要光学参量之一,会明显影响光学电流传感器的性能,因此测量光学传感头内线性双折射的大小对于提高光学电流传感器的性能有重要意义.本文报道了一种测量光学玻璃电流传感头线性双折射的新方法,以琼斯矩阵为数学工具给出了对该方法的理论分析及测量不确定度分析,并用实验方法给出了应用实例.此方法的主要优点是弥补了以前报道过的两种测量方法暴露出的无法唯一地确定光学玻璃电流传感头线性双折射的大小,或虽然能测定双折射大小,但测量不确定度较大的不足.实验结果表明:本方法可明显地提高测量准确度.     

Monte carlo simulations of low-energy (<10eV) electron transmission and reflection experiments: application to solid xenon

A Monte Carlo method is developed for simulating low-energy (< 10 eV) electron-impact transmission and reflection experiments. This method is applied to test the results obtained with various electron transport models which have recently been proposed for the interpretation of these experiments on thin solid xenon films. Particular attention is given to the critical examination of the adequacy of the assumption of isotropy of the collisions which is generally used in these models to calculate the various electron transport parameters, such as the elastic and inelastic electron scattering mean free paths. The simulation is also used to predict both the variation of the electron current transmitted through the films with the incident angle of the electron beam and the angular distribution of the reflected electrons.     

Resonant Tunneling Through a Quantum Dot in the presence of Alternating Fields

We have derived an analytical expression of the transmission probability through a quantum dot under an alternating field by using the nonequilibrium Green function techniques. The calculation. results show a simultaneously quenching in all side bands which are reported by Wagner recently. In addition, the theory of Jauho et al. has been applied to accounting for the latest experiments by Kouwenhoven et al. The mechanism leading to the zero bias current and its sign change is attributed to the photon-assisted-tunneling process.     

Nonconvergence of the cluster expansion for antisymmetry in the Jastrow many-body theory

The cluster-expansion treatment of antisymmetry, as used in most Jastrow-theoretic calculations to date for Fermion systems, is shown to be seriously inadequate. This is offered as an explanation for the recently reported discrepancy between Jastrow-theoretic and Brueckner-Bethe-Goldstone results for nuclear matter. This should also help to resolve some current difficulties in accounting for the properties of neutron stars.     

On equivalent diffuse conditions for an internal layer in multislab atmospheric radiation

This paper reports on new discrete ordinates conditions for efficiently solving a set of multislab atmospheric radiation problems characterized by an optically stationary internal layer, i.e. an internal layer whose optical (absorption/scattering) properties and optical thickness do not change from one problem to another in the set. The discrete ordinates conditions reported here are founded in a recently developed spectral nodal method for solving multislab atmospheric radiation problems with anisotropic scattering. We suitably use the optically discretized equations of our recently developed spectral nodal method to derive discrete ordinates diffuse conditions, which model the response—diffuse radiation leaving the layer—of an internal layer to an anisotropic inner source and to diffuse radiation that is incident upon the layer at top and bottom. These conditions can be used to replace an optically stationary internal layer in multislab atmospheric radiation computations, while saving computer resources and without degrading the numerical results.     

Sensitivity of probes used to measure the electron current in a betatron

Calibration of the probes (consisting of a magnetic loop, turns on the accelerating chamber, and an electrostatic signal electrode) used to measure the current circulating in the accelerating chamber of the 15 MeV betatron is reported for various phases of the acceleration. The calibration was carried out in the working part of the accelerator with a current of electrons which had undergone a single revolution in the chamber. Results found in a calculation of the sensitivity and other probe characteristics are reported. A method is described for measuring the current involved in the acceleration by means of turns on the chamber and an electrostatic deflection of electrons. Recommendations are given for the use of probes to adjust a betatron.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 106–110, September, 1970.     

Spontaneous decay of acoustic phonons in calcium fluoride and silicon

The lifetimes of long-wavelength acoustic phonons due to the spontaneous decay via cubic anharmonicity have been calculated on the basis of nonlinear elasticity theory using experimental elastic constants. They depend strongly on the propagation direction. For CaF₂ the results confirm the current interpretation of the experimental data reported recently in the literature.     

Photoelectron spectra and SCF MO calculations for the dimers of cyclobutadiene

The He I photoelectron spectra of the syn and anti dimers of cyclobutadiene have been measured. Accurate MINDO/2 SCF MO calculations, in which the geometries of both dimers were optimized, have been used in interpreting the spectra. The experimental ionization energies derived from the spectra are in reasonable accord with those reported recently by Heilbronner and co-workers. However, the current interpretation of the photoelectron spectrum of the syn dimer differs significantly from that of the earlier one.     

Quantum phase expectation values of a mesoscopic Josephson junction from quantum current measurements

A simple way to acquire information on the mean values of the phase operators sinϕ and cosϕ of an ultrasmall Josephson junction prepared in an arbitrary pure or not state is reported. Our proposal exploits the recently predicted occurrence of current spikes in the I-V characteristic of a mesojunction irradiated by a quantum single-mode low-intensity coherent electromagnetic field. A necessary condition for the validity of our treatment is presented and discussed. Received 11 April 2001     

A numerical approach for analyzing quantum dot infrared photodetectors' parameters

Quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) have many advantages over other types of semiconductor-based photodetectors. However some of its characteristics have been investigated theoretically, there are many unstudied points. In this paper a new approach is presented to evaluate quantum dot infrared photodetectors dark current and photocurrent. In this study, it is assumed that both thermionic emission and field-assisted tunneling mechanisms determine the dark current of quantum dot detectors. Based on these assumptions, new formula for average number of electron in a quantum dot for both, dark and illumination condition is calculated, which is more accurate than the previous reported formulas; because in deriving previous reported formulas, it was assumed only thermionic emission determines dark current but field-assisted tunneling mechanisms has not been considered. Then numerical method is used to calculate the average number of electron in a quantum dot and to determine dark current and photocurrent. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data. They have good agreement with available experimental data.     

延迟片法测量光学玻璃电流传感头线性双折射

测量光学传感头内线性双折射的大小对于提高光学电流传感器的性能有重要意义.本文报告了一种测量光学玻璃电流传感头线性双折射的新方法,以琼斯矩阵为数学工具给出了对该方法的理论分析及测量不确定度分析,并用实验方法给出了应用实例.此方法的主要优点是弥补了以前报告测量方法的不足,即无法唯一地确定光学玻璃电流传感头线性双折射的大小.本方法采用的光路所用元件容易获得且测量结构简单实用.     

Third order response to a multifrequency photon field in semiconductors

This paper contains a detailed calculation of the photoinduced current density at third order in the coupling between a semiconductor and a multifrequency photon field, starting from its standard textbook expression which reads in terms of a triple commutator. Due to a major intrinsic problem linked to this triple commutator, such a derivation has been made possible quite recently only, thanks to the tools developed in the composite-boson many-body theory we have recently constructed. The photoinduced current density is shown to ultimately read in a compact form, in terms of the “Pauli scatterings” and “Coulomb scatterings” for exciton-exciton interactions introduced in this theory. Representation of this third order response in Shiva diagrams, which visualize interactions between excitons, is also given to better grasp the physics of the various contributions.     

Filtering noisy chaotic signal via sparse representation based on random frame dictionary

The denoising problem of impure chaotic signals is addressed in this paper. A method based on sparse representation is proposed, in which the random frame dictionary is generated by a chaotic random search algorithm. The numerical simulation shows the proposed algorithm outperforms those recently reported alternative denoising methods.     

Complete rate equation modelling of quantum cascade lasers for the analysis of temperature effects

The effect of temperature on the dynamics of a GaAs-based quantum cascade laser (QCL) is analysed using a complete rate equation model. The analytical expressions for the threshold current density and the output power are derived using the model and the thermal behaviour of these parameters is examined. A better conformity of the threshold current density with experiment at higher temperatures is achieved. The effect of temperature on the 3 dB optical bandwidth is further investigated using the same model. A comparative analysis of the model is performed with the recently reported rate equation models. It is observed that the 3 dB optical bandwidth falls more rapidly at higher operating temperatures that highlight the effects of leakage and backscattering processes present in the device.     

Wide-angle split-step spectral method for 2D or 3D beam propagation

We develop a method for non-paraxial beam propagation that obtains a speed improvement over the Finite-Difference Split-Step method (FDSSNP) recently reported by Sharma et al. The method works in the eigen-basis of the Laplace operator ${\left(\nabla_T^2\right)}$ , and in general requires half as many operations to propagate one step forward so that a 2X speedup can be realized. However, the new formulation allows the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm to be used, which allows an even greater speedup. The method does not require a numerical matrix inversion, diagonalization, or series evaluation. The diffraction operator is not approximated, and in the absence of refractive index fluctuations the method reduces to an exact solution of the Helmholtz equation.     

Resonances in Three-Body Systems Studied by a Full Angular-Momentum, Smooth-Exterior Complex-Scaling Finite-Element Method

 The development of a tool for calculating resonances and bound states in three-body systems described by a single-potential energy surface is reported. The method has been applied to the antiprotonic helium, doubly excited states in helium, the ¹¹Li nuclear halo, the NeICl van der Waals molecule, and the recently found FHD reaction complex. Received November 26, 2001; accepted for publication November 28, 2001     

Structure factor of charged colloidal suspensions using Brownian-dynamics simulation: Comparison of Yukawa and Sogami pair potentials

Static structure factorsS(Q) are obtained for dilute charged colloidal systems using Brownian dynamics simulation method for the widely used screened Coulomb repulsive Yukawa potential and the recently proposed Sogami pair potential. The latter potential has, in addition to the usual repulsive part, an attractive term which is necessary to understand the reentrant phase transition reported in these colloids. It is shown for the first time thatS(Q) obtained using the Sogami potential for parameters favourable for liquid-like order agrees well with that measured experimentally. Thus it appears that the Sogami potential explains features of a homogeneous liquid as well as phase separated states, whereas Yukawa potential does not.     

缓慢退磁的超导圆盘中的俘获场

本文提出了一个系统的理论框架计算通过场冷过程磁化的超导圆盘中的俘获场和温度分布.此计算基于电流运动方程,考虑到电流密度是温度和磁场的函数,考虑到在正常区和超导区由磁通运动产生的热耗散.计算结果和最近不同研究组的实验结果一致.