Higher Dimensional Dark Energy Investigation with?Variable Λ and G

Two phenomenological models of Λ, viz. L ~ ([(a)\dot]/a)²\Lambda \sim (\dot{a}/a)^{2} and L ~ [(a)\ddot]/a\Lambda \sim \ddot{a}/a are studied under the assumption that G is a time-variable parameter. Both models show that G is inversely proportional to time as suggested earlier by others including Dirac. The models considered here can be matched with observational results by properly tuning the parameters of the models. Our analysis shows that L ~ [(a)\ddot]/a\Lambda \sim \ddot{a}/a model corresponds to a repulsive situation and hence correlates with the present status of the accelerating Universe. The other model L ~ ([(a)\dot]/a)²\Lambda \sim (\dot{a}/a)^{2} is, in general, attractive in nature. Moreover, it is seen that due to the combined effect of time-variable Λ and G the Universe evolved with acceleration as well as deceleration. This later one indicates a Big Crunch.     

FRW Cosmology with Variable G and Λ

We have considered a cosmological model of the FRW universe with variable G and Λ. The solutions have been obtained for flat model with particular form of cosmological constant. The cosmological parameters have also been obtained for dust, radiation and stiff matter. The statefinder parameters are analyzed and have shown that these depends only on w and ε. Further the lookback time, proper distance, luminosity distance and angular diameter distance have also been calculated for our model.     

A critical density cosmological model with varying gravitational and cosmological “constants”

A cosmological model in which the universe has its critical density and the gravitational and cosmological constantsG and are time-dependent is presented. The model may possibly solve the horizon and monopole problems. It predicts a perpetually expanding universe in whichG increases and decreases with time in a manner consistent with conservation of the energy-momentum tensor. The model also allows the calculation of various cosmological parameters.     

Homogeneous anisotropic cosmological models with variable gravitational and cosmological “Constants”

The Einstein field equations with perfect fluid source and variable andG for Bianchi-type universes are studied under the assumption of a power-law time variation of the expansion factor, achieved via a suitable power-law assumption for the Hubble parameter suggested by M. S. Berman. All the models have a power-law variation of pressure and density and are singular at the epocht=0. The variation ofG(t) as 1/t and (t) as 1/t ² is consistent with these models.     

A charged interior solution with cosmological constant Λ in general relativity

A new interior solution of the field equation of general relativity with cosmological constant Λ has been obtained for a static and spherically symmetric charged body. Recent charged generalizations of a class of solutions by Florides are discussed here as special cases of our solution. Robson's junction condition is extended to discuss the smooth joint of the interior solution to the Reissner-Nordström solution with nonzero Λ.     

Cosmological models with variable gravitational and cosmological “constants”

We consider the Einstein field equations with perfect fluid source and variable andG for the Robertson-Walker metric. When conservation of energy momentum is postulated and the deceleration parameter is assumed constant, we find perfect gas equation of state models in the Euclidean and non-Euclidean cases. The resulting models offer an alternative to the inflationary scenario; they also explain the huge value of the cosmological term in the early universe.     

Anisotropic Bulk Viscous Cosmological Models with?Variable G and Λ

This paper deals with Bianchi-I, Kantowski Sachs and Bianchi-III anisotropic cosmological models of the universe, filled with a bulk viscous cosmic fluid, in the presence of variable gravitational and cosmological constants. A new set of exact solutions of Einstein’s field equation have been obtained in both truncated and full causal theories. Physical behaviour of the models has also been discussed.     

Bulk Viscous Bianchi-III Models with Time Dependent G and?Λ

Bulk Viscous anisotropic Bianchi-III cosmological models are investigated with time dependent gravitational and cosmological constants in the framework of Einstein’s general relativity. In order to get some useful information about the time varying nature of G and Λ, we have assumed an exponentially decaying rest energy density of the universe. The extracted Newtonian gravitational constant G varies with time but its time varying nature depends on bulk viscosity and the anisotropic nature of the model. The cosmological constant Λ is found to decrease with time to a small but positive value for the models.     

Constraining the f(R,T)=R+2λT cosmological model using recent observational data

In this study,we conduct a comprehensive investigation of the cosmological model described by f(R,T)=R+2λT(where λ represents a free parameter) in light of the most recent observational data.By constraining the model using the and datasets,we determine its compatibility with the observed behavior of the Universe.For this purpose,we adopt a parametric form for the effective equation of state(EoS) parameter.This parametric form allows us to describe the evolution of the EoS parameter with respect ...     

Bianchi type I cosmological models with variableG and Λ: A comment

We treat in an alternate way a problem recently considered by Beesham [1]. We find that anisotropic Bianchi I inflationary cosmologies with variable gravitational and cosmological constants admit de Sitter expansion at least for late times.     

A stochastic discrete model of tissue and its ultrasonic backscattering coefficient

TheprojectissupportedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina.I.IntroductionU1trasonicpropagationandscatteringinthebiologica1softtissuesisabasicprob-lemofbiomedica1u1trasonics,andu1trasonicbackscatteringfromthetissucsproduccs..importantinformationfortissuecharacterizationaswe11asfortissueimagind'.2].Tissuemodellingisfundamentalfortheanalysisofultrasonicbackscattering.Vari-ousmode1shavebeensuggestedwithapartialsuccess.Sofar,therearetwomajortypesofmodc1s,theinhomogeneouscontinuummode1andthed…     

A vector type Gürsey model and its renormalization group analysis

We start with a model classically equivalent to the vector Gürsey model. The model is coupled with a non-abelian SU(N) gauged field. For the one loop approximation, the renormalization group equations are constructed and the coupling constant solutions are found. The coupling constants behaviors are briefly investigated and non-triviality conditions of the model are presented. Under certain conditions, a non-trivial field theoretical model is obtained.     

Leptoquark and vector-like quark extended model for simultaneousexplanation of W boson mass and muon g–2 anomalies

The CDF collaboration recently announced a new measurement result for the W boson mass, and it is in tension with the standard model prediction. In this paper, we explain this anomaly in the vector-like quark (VLQ) \begin{document}$ (X,T,B)_{L,R} $\end{document} and leptoquark (LQ) \begin{document}$ S_3 $\end{document} extended model. In this model, both the VLQ and LQ have positive corrections to the W boson mass. Moreover, it may be a solution to the \begin{document}$ (g-2)_{\mu} $\end{document} anomaly because of the chiral enhancements from top, T, and B quarks.     

A harmonious unifying hybrid preferential model and its universal properties for complex dynamical networks

To describe the real world which is a harmonious unification world with both de- terminism and randomness, we propose a harmonious unifying hybrid preferential model (HUHPM) of a certain class of complex dynamical networks. HUHPM is gov- erned only by the total hybrid ratio d/r according to the practical need. As some typical examples, the concepts and methods of the HUHPM are applied to the un-weighted BA model proposed by Barabási et al., the weighted BBV model pro- posed by Barat et al. and the weighted TDE model proposed by Wang et al. to get the so-called HUHPM-BA network, HUHPM-BBV network and HUHPM-TDE network. These HUHPM networks are investigated both analytically and numerically. It is found that the HUHPM reveals several universal properties, which more approach to the real-world networks for both un-weighted and weighted networks and have potential for applications.     

A predator–prey model with diseases in both prey and predator

In this paper, we present and analyze a predator–prey model, in which both predator and prey can be infected. Each of the predator and prey is divided into two categories, susceptible and infected. The epidemics cannot be transmitted between prey and predator by predation. The predation ability of susceptible predators is stronger than infected ones. Likewise, it is more difficult to catch a susceptible prey than an infected one. And the diseases cannot be hereditary in both of the predator and prey populations. Based on the assumptions above, we find that there are six equilibrium points in this model. Using the base reproduction number, we discuss the stability of the equilibrium points qualitatively. Then both of the local and global stabilities of the equilibrium points are analyzed quantitatively by mathematical methods. We provide numerical results to discuss some interesting biological cases that our model exhibits. Lastly, we discuss how the infectious rates affect the stability, and how the other parameters work in the five possible cases within this model.     

A multi-charged particle model with local U(1)μ-τ to explain muon g–2, flavor physics,and possible collider signature

We consider a model with multi-charged particles, including vector-like fermions, and a charged scalar under a local \begin{document}$ U(1)_{\mu - \tau} $\end{document} symmetry. We search for an allowed parameter region explaining muon anomalous magnetic moment (muon \begin{document}$ g-2 $\end{document}) and \begin{document}$ b \to s \ell^+ \ell^- $\end{document} anomalies, satisfying constraints from the lepton flavor violations, Z boson decays, meson anti-meson mixing, and collider experiments. Via numerical analysis, we explore the typical size of the muon \begin{document}$ g-2 $\end{document} and Wilson coefficients to explain the \begin{document}$ b \to s \ell^+ \ell^- $\end{document} anomalies in our model when all other experimental constraints are satisfied. Subsequently, we discuss the collider physics of the multicharged vectorlike fermions, considering a number of benchmark points in the allowed parameter space.     

A polynomial hybrid reflection model and measurement of its parameters based on images of sample

Reflectance model is a basic concept in computer vision.Some existing models combining the classical diffuse reflectance model and those for surfaces containing specular components can approximately describe real reflectance.But the ratio of diffuse and specular reflection decided manually has no clear meaning. We propose a new polynomial hybrid reflectance model.The reflectance map equation with a known shape (for example cylinder)as a sample is used to estimate parameters of the proposed reflectance model by least square regression algorithm.Then the reflectance parameters for surfaces of the same class of materials can be determined.Experiments are performed for a metal surface.The synthesis images produced by the proposed method and existing ones are compared with the real acquired image,and the results show that the proposed reflectance model is suitable for describing real reflectance.     

A generalized Weyl—Wigner quantization scheme unifying P-Q and Q-P ordering and Weyl ordering of operators

By extending the usual Wigner operator to the s-parameterized one as 1/4π2 integral (dyduexp [iu(q-Q)+iy(p-P)+is/2yu]) from n=- ∞ to ∞ with s beng a,real parameter,we propose a generalized Weyl quantization scheme which accompanies a new generalized s-parameterized ordering rule.This rule recovers P-Q ordering,Q-P ordering,and Weyl ordering of operators in s = 1,1,0 respectively.Hence it differs from the Cahill-Glaubers’ ordering rule which unifies normal ordering,antinormal ordering,and Weyl ordering.We also show that in this scheme the s-parameter plays the role of correlation between two quadratures Q and P.The formula that can rearrange a given operator into its new s-parameterized ordering is presented.