La0.8Ca0.2MnO3/SrTiO3薄膜厚度对其结构及磁学性能的影响

采用多种X射线衍射技术和磁电阻测量技术研究了不同厚度的La_0.8Ca_0.2MnO₃/SrTiO₃ (LCMO/STO)薄膜的应变状态及其对磁电阻性能的影响.结果表明，在STO(001)单晶衬底上生长的LCMO薄膜沿［00l］取向生长.LCMO薄膜具有伪立方钙钛矿结构，随着薄膜厚度的增加，面内晶格参数增加，垂直于面内的晶格参数减小,晶格参数a和b相近，略小于c.LC 关键词： X射线衍射 微结构 应变 物理性能     

(Pb0.85Sm0.10)(Ti0.98Mn0.02)O3压电陶瓷超高各向异性机电耦合性能的X射线衍射研究

本文用X射线衍射技术研究了具有典型超高各向异性机电耦合性能的Sm改性PbTiO₃压电陶瓷。通过引入面网取向密度指数ρ_(hkl)和建立90°电畴转向畴壁平移模型,就改性PbTiO₃陶瓷圆片经不同电压极化后材料内部电畴结构变化作了定量的分析与讨论。结果表明,在改性PbTiO₃陶瓷结构中,90°畴壁空间取向分布具有高度的择优性;极化处理使材料中90°电畴壁显著平移,但其取向分布变化甚少;材料的纵向机电耦合系数K_t与(002)面网取向密度指数增量△ρ₍₀₀₂₎具有基本平行的电场依赖关系。 关键词：     

用SAXS和XRD方法研究TiO2纳米颗粒微观结构

用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了TiO₂纳米样品,并对该样品在300℃到800℃温度区域进行了退火处理.应用同步辐射X射线粉末衍射(XRD)方法研究了经不同热处理温度的TiO₂纳米颗粒的结构相变.应用同步辐射小角X射线散射(SAXS)方法研究了TiO₂纳米颗粒的表面分形与界面特性.得到纳米颗粒粒度与退火温度的变化规律,讨论了表面界面特征与相变的关系. 关键词： X射线小角散射 X射线衍射 2纳米颗粒')" href="#">TiO₂纳米颗粒     

Mn3O4包覆对LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料界面电化学性能的提高

本文采用化学湿磨法,首次将金属氧化物Mn₃O₄包覆于LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄颗粒表面,使得电极材料的电子电导率从1.53×10^-7 S/cm 提高到3.15×10^-5 S/cm. 电化学测试结果表明Mn₃O₄包覆大大提高LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄正极材料的倍率性能和高温循环稳定性. 最佳包覆样品为2.6wt% Mn₃O₄包覆的LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄,在10 C倍率下具有108 mAh/g的高放电容并且在55 °C下100次循环后仍有78%的容量保持率,远大于未包覆样品67%的容量保持率.     

电极活性材料精细结构与MH-Ni电池性能关系研究的一些进展

为了更深入地研究正负极活性材料精细结构与MH-Ni电池性能之间的关系,本文在介绍了简单而较适用的处理X射线衍射数据的方法之后,系统综述了电池活化前后、循环过程中正负极活性物质结构和微结构与电池性能之间关系研究的一些进展。主要包括:(1)具有适当晶粒大小和较大层错几率的β-Ni(OH)2物质,能获得较大的充放电容量;(2)没有观测到MH/Ni电池在充放电过程中有β-Ni(OH)2β-NiOOH的相变,只有满充和过充电时才发生部份β-Ni(OH)2γ-NiOOH的相变;MH/Ni电池的物理导电机制是在正负极活性物质中嵌入和脱嵌的氢离子形成固相质子在电极间定向运动。(3)循环性能的衰减、内阻、容量的变化与正负极活性物质的微结构变化有良好对应关系。微结构变化消耗电解液,并改变电解液的性能。正极、负极和电解液三者的共同作用是循环性能衰减的主导原因。(4)正极添加剂与电池性能之间的关系。由于正极添加剂Lu2O3和CaF2能抑制正极活性物质的微晶细化、减缓总的层错几率降低,对于储氢合金能抑制晶粒增大,特别能抑制A(OH)3和B的析出,故能提高了电池的循环性能和寿命。(5)电池储存前后的容量衰减和内阻增加是其在储存过程中CoOOH析出和晶粒细化双重作用的结果。     

电极活性材料精细结构与MH-Ni电池性能关系研究的一些进展

为了更深入地研究正负极活性材料精细结构与MH-Ni电池性能之间的关系,本文在介绍了简单而较适用的处理X射线衍射数据的方法之后,系统综述了电池活化前后、循环过程中正负极活性物质结构和微结构与电池性能之间关系研究的一些进展.主要包括:(1)具有适当晶粒大小和较大层错几率的βNi(OH)2物质,能获得较大的充放电容量;(2)没有观测到MH/Ni电池在充放电过程中有β-Ni(OH)2 β-NiOOH的相变,只有满充和过充电时才发生部份β-Ni(OH)2 γNiOOH的相变;MH/Ni电池的物理导电机制是在正负极活性物质中嵌入和脱嵌的氢离子形成固相质子在电极间定向运动.(3)循环性能的衰减、内阻、容量的变化与正负极活性物质的微结构变化有良好对应关系.微结构变化消耗电解液,并改变电解液的性能.正极、负极和电解液三者的共同作用是循环性能衰减的主导原因.(4)正极添加剂与电池性能之间的关系.由于正极添加剂Lu2O3和CaF2能抑制正极活性物质的微晶细化、减缓总的层错几率降低,对于储氢合金能抑制品粒增大,特别能抑制A(0H)3和B的析出,故能提高了电池的循环性能和寿命.(5)电池储存前后的容量衰减和内阻增加是其在储存过程中CoOOH析出和晶粒细化双重作用的结果.     

纯Cr2O3包覆Li4Ti5O12微球的制备及其储锂性能研究

The pure Cr₂O₃ coated Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ microspheres were prepared by a facile and cheap solutionbased method with basic chromium(III) nitrate solution (pH=11.9). And their Li-storage properties were investigated as anode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries. The pure Cr₂O₃ works as an adhesive interface to strengthen the connections between Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ particles, providing more electric conduction channels, and reduce the inter-particle resistance. Moreover, LixCr₂O₃, formed by the lithiation of Cr₂O₃, can further stabilize Li₇Ti₅O₁₂ with high electric conductivity on the surface of particles. While in the acid chromium solution (pH=3.2) modification, besides Cr₂O₃, Li₂CrO₄ and TiO₂ phases were also found in the final product. Li₂CrO₄ is toxic and the presence of TiO₂ is not welcome to improve the electrochemical performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ microspheres. The reversible capacity of 1% Cr₂O₃-coated sample with the basic chromium solution modification was 180 mAh/g at 0.1 C, and 134 mAh/g at 10 C. Moreover, it was even as high as 127 mAh/g at 5 C after 600 cycles. At-20℃, its reversible specific capacity was still as high as 118 mAh/g.     

Bi2Sr2CaCu2-xSnxO8+δ系列 超导体的XRD和XPS研究

实验研究了Bi₂Sr₂CaCu_2-xSn_xO_8+δ 的X射线衍射(XRD)和光电子能谱(XPS).实验发现随着掺杂(Sn)量的增加,晶格参数a 和c都有所变化,O1s和Cu2p芯能级谱也发生了变化.实验结果表明： 在低掺杂量时,Sn主要 呈二价态;而在高掺杂浓度时呈四价态;掺Sn对超导电性的影响与其他元素的掺杂不同.这 些实验结果支持化学环境在高温超导样品的电子结构中起着重要作用的结论. 关键词： Bi系超导体 掺杂 X射线衍射 光电子能谱     

LiMn2O4掺杂金属调控的XRD研究

近年来随着新能源汽车的迅速发展,锂资源发挥越来越重要的作用。我国的盐湖资源丰富,盐湖中蕴含大量的锂资源亟待提取。锰系锂离子筛对锂离子具有优越的选择性,其高吸附容量、环境友好及高稳定性也使其成为从盐湖卤水中直接提取锂的最有潜力的吸附剂之一。但锰系离子筛溶损问题阻碍了其工业化应用,通过掺杂Al、 Mg、 Fe、 Cu元素进改性,使溶损降低,稳定性提高。通过XRD分析表明我们成功制备了LiMn₂O₄锰系离子筛前驱体,通过0.5 mol·L^-1盐酸酸洗获得相应的锰系离子筛,并将其用于盐湖卤水提锂,通过ICP OES测得吸附容量为12.16 mg·g^-1,表明我们合成的锂离子筛可以成功用于盐湖原卤锂的提取。     

NaCl-H2O和NaCl-KCl-H2O溶液低温相变过程的原位XRD研究

应用原位X射线衍射法对盐湖卤水体系的两个子体系--NaCl-H₂O和NaCl-KCl-H₂O溶液在低温条件下进行扫描,获得了实验条件下体系的衍射图谱,得到了溶液低温相变过程的信息。图谱解析结果表明：含NaCl 26.25%的溶液在-20~-25℃范围内析出了冰、NaCl、低水合氯化钠和二水氯化钠,含NaCl 25.70%的溶液没有发生相变;对于NaCl-KCl-H₂O体系,含NaCl 20.03%和KCl 10.19%的溶液在0~-25 ℃范围内析出了氯化钾和氯化钠,含NaCl 22.40%和KCl 7.28%的溶液在-10~-25 ℃范围内只有氯化钾析出,含NaCl 21.90%和KCl 6.46%的溶液没有发生相变。实验结果显示：这两个水盐体系低温相变过程析出盐的种类与相图结果有差异,原因在于两者的状态不同;体系中二水氯化钠的析出需要经过氯化钠与水的化合过程,该过程是分步进行的;实验体系在低温条件下发生相变受结晶因素控制,温度只是其中一个因素,体系相变发生与否是结晶因素综合影响的结果。     

Characterization of Na-substituted LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials for lithium-ion battery

Highly crystalline layered Li_1?xNa_xNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ (x?=?0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) materials are synthesized by molten salts method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, and electrochemical measurement, respectively. ICP, SEM, and EDS results show that Na ions are incorporated in LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂. Rietveld refinement results show that suitable Na substitution leads to stable layered structure by full Na occupying in Li layer and further attributes to low cation mixing. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that the Na-substituted LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ shows improved rate capability and cycling performance compared to that of pure LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂.     

ZrO2 coating of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

ZrO₂-coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ materials were prepared by hydroxide precipitation. The structure and electrochemical properties of the ZrO₂-coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and charge–discharge tests, indicating that the lattice structure of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ were unchanged after the coating but the cycling stability was improved. As the coating amount increased from 0.0 to 0.5 mol.%, the initial capacity of the coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ decreased slightly; however, the cycling stability increased remarkably over the cut-off voltages of 2.5~4.3 V and the capacity retention reached 99.5% after 30 cycles at the coating amount of 0.5 mol.%. ZrO₂ coating also improved the cycling stability of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ over wider cut-off voltage of 2.5~4.6 V.     

锂电池正极材料Li(Co,Ni)O2化合物的第一性原理研究

锂离子电池以其高能量存储密度和优良的循环性能而受到广泛关注, 尤其是其正极材料成为储能材料领域的研究热点.本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对LiCoO2,LiNiO2和Li(Co0.5Ni0.5)O2化合物的晶体结构、电子结构、化学键合特性进行了研究. 结果表明：Li(Co0.5Ni0.5)O2化合物中主要是氧和过渡金属之间成键, 锂原子对晶体总态密度贡献很少. Ni/Co混合后将导致Li(Co0.5Ni0.5)O2中Co的3d轨道和O的2p轨道之间成键得以加强.     

锂电池正极材料Li(Co,Ni)O2化合物的第一性原理研究

锂离子电池以其高能量存储密度和优良的循环性能而受到广泛关注, 尤其是其正极材料成为储能材料领域的研究热点.本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对LiCoO2,LiNiO2和Li(Co0.5Ni0.5)O2化合物的晶体结构、电子结构、化学键合特性进行了研究. 结果表明：Li(Co0.5Ni0.5)O2化合物中主要是氧和过渡金属之间成键, 锂原子对晶体总态密度贡献很少. Ni/Co混合后将导致Li(Co0.5Ni0.5)O2中Co的3d轨道和O的2p轨道之间成键得以加强.     

High rate performance of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 synthesized via co-precipitation method by different precipitators

In the present study, we investigated the effect of three different precipitators (NaOH, Na₂CO₃ and (NH₄)₂CO₃) on the synthesized layered Li[Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3]O₂ cathode materials via co-precipitation method. The obtained compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. The XRD patterns analysis showed that all the resulted Li[Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3]O₂ materials possess a layered hexagonal structure. It was found that at high discharge rate (2C), the prepared Li[Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3]O₂ system using Na₂CO₃ as the precipitator exhibits better cycling performance in the charge–discharge tests compared to others, indicating that Na₂CO₃ is an optimum precipitator. After 100 cycles at 2C discharge rate in the voltage range from 2.8 to 4.5 vs. Li/Li⁺, the Li[Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3]O₂ system using Na₂CO₃ as the precipitator retains 97% of its initial discharge capacity.     

Structural and dielectric properties of Pb(Li1/4Dy1/4W1/2)O3

The polycrystalline samples of Pb(Li_1/4Dy_1/4W_1/2)O₃ have been synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction techniques. Room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of the compound provided preliminary structural data, and hence formation of a single phase desired material was confirmed. Detailed studies of dielectric constant (ε) and loss (tanδ) as a function of frequency (100 Hz to 10 kHz) at room temperature (298 K) and also as a function of temperature (liquid nitrogen to 403 K) at 10 kHz suggest that the compound undergoes a ferroelectric phase transition of diffuse type.     

TiO2 coating of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

TiO₂-coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ materials were prepared by the hydrolyzation of Ti(OBu)₄. The impact of TiO₂ coating on the structure and electrochemical properties of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and charge–discharge tests. The results indicated that TiO₂ coating did not affect the lattice of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂, but exhibited obvious effects on its discharge capacity and cycling stability. As coated TiO₂ increased from 0.0 to 2.0 mol%, the initial capacity of samples decreased slightly, but the cycling stability over 2.5∼4.3 V increased remarkably. The capacity retention reached 99.5% at the 50th cycle at a coating amount of 2.0 mol%.     

C-rate and temperature dependence of electrochemical performance of Li[Co0.1Ni0.15Li0.2Mn0.55]O2 cathode materials before and after Co3(PO4)2 coating

Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂ was synthesized, as a cathode material with high capacity, by a simple combustion method followed by annealing at 800?°C. Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂ cathode materials were coated with lithium-active Co₃(PO₄)₂ to improve the electrochemical performance of rechargeable lithium batteries. Morphologies and physical properties of Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂ before and after the Co₃(PO₄)₂ coating were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope. Transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer?CEmmett?CTeller surface area analyses were also carried out. The electrochemical performances of Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂ cathode material before and after Co₃(PO₄)₂ coating were evaluated by galvanostatic charge?Cdischarge testing at different charge and discharge densities. The temperature dependence of the cathode material before and after Co₃(PO₄)₂ coating was investigated at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50?°C at a rate of 0.1?C. Co₃(PO₄)₂-Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂ exhibited good electrochemical performance under high C-rate and experimental temperature conditions. The enhanced electrochemical performances were attributed to the formation of a lithium-active Co₃(PO₄)₂-coating layer on Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂.     

Synthesis of spherical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Spherical LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was successfully prepared by controlled crystallization. The preparation started with the spherical coprecipitate of Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3CO₃ from NiSO₄, CoSO₄, MnSO₄, NH₄HCO₃, and NH₃·H₂O, followed by pyrolysis of Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3CO₃ at 600°C for 3 h. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the homogeneous cubic (Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)₃O₄ was obtained after the pyrolysis. Spherical LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was obtained by sintering of the mixture of as-obtained (Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)₃O₄ and LiOH·H₂O at 900°C for 6 h in air. As-prepared spherical LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ presented initial discharge capacity of 162.9 mA h g⁻¹ and capacity retention of 98% at 50th cycle.