Semi-classical asymptotics in solid state physics

This article studies the Schrödinger equation for an electron in a lattice of ions with an external magnetic field. In a suitable physical scaling the ionic potential becomes rapidly oscillating, and one can build asymptotic solutions for the limit of zero magnetic field by multiple scale methods from homogenization. For the time-dependent Schrödinger equation this construction yields wave packets which follow the trajectories of the semiclassical model. For the time-independent equation one gets asymptotic eigenfunctions (or quasimodes) for the energy levels predicted by Onsager's relation.     

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics as a Telegraph

A derivation by Fröhner of non-relativistic quantum mechanics via Fourier analysis applied to probability theory is not extendable to relativistic quantum mechanics because Schrödinger's positive definite probability density * is lost (Dirac's spin 1/2 case being the exception). The nature of the Fourier link then changes; it points to a redefinition of the probability scheme as an information carrying telegraph, the code of which is Born's as extended by Dirac and by Feynman. Hermitian symmetry of the transition amplitude between Dirac representations expresses reciprocity of preparation and measurement (the quantal coding and decoding), two equally active interventions of the physicist; as the measurement perturbs the system retrodiction implies retroaction evidenced in delayed choice. Reciprocity of knowledge and organization vindicates Wigner's claim that reciprocal to the action of matter upon mind there exists a direct action of mind upon matter: psychokinesis, branded by Jaynes as a psychiatric disorder of the Copenhagen school. As for factlike irreversibility, it is expressed by the enormity of the change rate from information to negentropy: while gain in knowledge is normal psychokinesis is paranormal. Stapp's recent discussion of psychokinesis in a quantum context should be resumed in association with an EPR correlation; an experimental test is proposed.     

Surviving extrema for the action on the twisted SU(∞) one point lattice

We give a simplified construction of twist eating configurations, based on a theorem due to Frobenius. These configurations are defined through the equation:U U U ⁺ U ⁺ =exp(2in /N) withU SU(N), =1 tod andn an antisymmetric matrix with integer entries. In the (Twisted)-Eguchi-Kawai model they yield extrema some of which survive forN. Comparison is made with the Monte Carlo data of the internal energy in the small coupling region.     

Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity in terms of Dirac spinors

The Dirac spinors and matrices are used in combination with the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner formalism in order to obtain yet another formulation of Hamiltonian general relativity, together with a new form of the Gauss-Codazzi equations. The relation with Ashtekar's variables is analyzed; it is shown, for instance, that the matrices are equivalent to the electric field variable. The electric and magnetic decomposition of the gravitational field is also studie using Dirac matrices.     

The connection between low-gradient form of the positive column in oxygen and moving striations

The method of sliding photomultipliers was used to study the connection between two forms of the positive column in oxygen — the so-called low-gradientT-form and the highgradientH-form — and the presence of moving striations in the positive column. It was shown that in theT-form of a positive column striations are always present which move from the cathode to anode with a velocity of several thousand metres/sec. The highgradient form of theH-positive column, on the other hand, is not striated. The non-single-valuedness of the value of the longitudinal electric field in a discharge in oxygen is thus explained by the presence or absence of phenomena of a time variable character.

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— - H - — . , - , /. , , . , , , .

     

Electromagnetic-gravitational energy systems

Two methods axe considered to tap the earths' rotational energy. This ancient collapsed gravitational energy exceeds the earth-lunar binding energy. One involves an orbiting electromagnetic-gravitational coupling system whereby the earth's rotation, with its nonuniform mass distribution, first uses gravity to add orbital energy to a satellite, similar to a planetary flyby.rd The second stage involves enhanced satellite drag as current-carrying coils withdraw the added orbital energy as they pass through the earth's nonuniform magnetic field. A second more direct method couples the earth's rotational motion using conducting wires moving through the noncorotating part (ionospheric current systems) of the geomagnetic field. These methods, although not immediately feasible, are considerably more efficient than using pure gravitational coupling to earth-moon tides.     

Magnetization coils without iron core for high field intensities

A new theory of rectangular coils without an iron core is described which amends the old one of Fabry and Bitter. It enables us to compute field intensities in coils having very small openings, which the old theory could not do.

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, , , .

     

Anticommutative Electric and Magnetic Charges, and the Monopole Question

The monopole question is treated anew in the light of a recent, strictly covariant,extended formulation of fermion quantum field theory naturally including alsoa pseudoscalar variety of conserved charges. The essential novelty lies in theresulting quantum property of anticommutivity between scalar and pseudoscalarcharge varieties, which should in particular apply to electric and magnetic charges.As an immediate outcome, there should no longer be any (Dirac-like) quantizationcondition relating these charges and binding the magnetic elementary charge tohave a very great strength. A generalized Lagrangian approach to the monopoleproblem is made truly viable, leading to two independent local gauge couplingswhich are separately generated by the electric and magnetic elementary chargesand are not allowed to interfere. This would prevent electric and magneticmonopoles from mutually interacting and would particularly account for theabsence of magnetic sources in ordinary electromagnetism. Within such aframework, an electric charge eigenstate with a nonzero eigenvalue is bound tohave a null magnetic charge expectation value, and the magnetic dipole momentof an electrically charged point fermion may actually be seen as resulting fromthe additional internal presence of a single magnetic charge subjected to a maximaluncertainty in sign. An easy estimate makes it allowable to assign to this chargea strength just equal to that of the partner electric charge. Such a conjecture leadsto a dual model of a charged point fermion where the electric and magneticroles can well be interchanged with no observable effects. In the associatedformalism, duality symmetry is already included without the need to appeal toany missing electromagnetic phenomenology to be discovered.     

Optical second-harmonic generation of metal-island films

In metal-island films consisting of nanometer particles on a transparent substrate irradiated light fields can be locally enhanced by electron-plasma resonances. Therefore, nonlinear optical processes should be enhanced dramatically. However, second-order nonlinear processes as second-harmonic generation occuring in the surface are strongly reduced by the centrosymmetric shape of the metal particles. It is found that this surface-specific contribution to second-harmonic generation is less enhanced, as is expected from the field enhancement. The bulk contribution, at smooth metal surfaces known to be much weaker than the contribution from the real surface, is strongly enhanced by the plasma resonances without symmetry restrictions and becomes comparably important.Paper presented at the 129th WE-Heraeus-Seminar on Surface Studies by Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopies, Kassel, Germany, May 30 to June 1, 1994.     

Superconformal Interpretation of BPS States in AdS Geometries

We carry out a general analysis of the representations of the superconformal algebras SU(2, 2/N), OSp(8/4, ), and OSp(8*/2N) and give their realization in superspace. We present a construction of their UIRs by multiplication of the different types of massless superfields (supersingletons). Particular attention is paid to the so-called short multiplets. Representations undergoing shortening have protected dimension and may correspond to BPS states in the dual supergravity theory in anti-de Sitter space. These results are relevant for the classification of multitrace operators in boundary conformally invariant theories as well as for the classification of AdS black holes preserving different fractions of supersymmetry.     

Theory of moving striations in plasma of D-C discharge I. Basic equation and its general solution

As a base for the theory of moving striations a partial integro-differential equation (26) is derived from the equations of continuity (1), (2), the Laplace-Poisson equation (3) and relation (4) between the electric field and the temperature of the electrons. Apart from the processes necessary for the actual formation of striations according to [1] and for the amplification of the wave of stratification according to [2], the equation also includes the processes defining the Debye length of the electrons, the influence of the axial electric field and of its local deflections on the motion of current carriers and the direct influence of the deviations in concentration of the electrons on the rate of production of current carriers. In deriving the equation the main attention is paid to the physical sense of the mathematical operations applied. The general solution is found by the method of the two-sided Laplace transformation and is described by triple integral convolution (42).

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I.

(1), (2), - (3) (4) (26). , , [1], , [2], , , . . (42).

     

Усовершенствование рентгенометрическо го метода определения дефекто в решетки третьего ро да в поликристаллическ их и порошкообразных материалах

, . .     

УСТАНОВИВШЕЕСЯ ТЕМП ЕРАТУРНОЕ ПОЛЕ В БЕСКОНЕЧНОЙ ПЛОСКО Й ПЛАСТИНКЕ ИЗ ДВУХ СЛОЕВ С ОБЫЧНЫМ РАСПР ЕДЕЛЕНИЕМ ТЕМПЕРАТУ РЫ НА ГРАНИЧНЫХ СТЕНАХ

, , , , .     

Stationary solutions of the bogoliubov hierarchy equations in classical statistical mechanics. 3

We continue the analysis of the conjugate equation for the generating function of a Gibbs random point field corresponding to a stationary solution of the classical BBGKY hierarchy. This equation was established and partially investigated in the preceding papers under the same title. In the present paper we reduce a general theorem about the form of solutions of the conjugate equation to a statement which relates to a special case where the interacting particles constitute a quasi—one dimensional configuration.     

Thes-f model with Coulomb repulsion: Thermodynamics of two atomic cluster. Spin 1/2

A cluster of two atoms described by thes-f model with Coulomb repulsion has been considered. The interaction between localized 4f electrons (S=1/2) is taken in the molecular field approximation. The thermodynamic quantities like magnetization, specific heat and correlation functions n , n , S ^z n , S ^z n , S ^z (n –n ), n n and S ⁺ a ⁺ a as functions of temperature are presented for different band fillingN=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2. The dependence of Curie temperature onN is calculated. The phase diagram forN=1 (T=0K) shows the possibility of existence of two phases: paramagnetic and ferromagnetic.The Curie temperature and the specific heat as functions ofN exhibit similar trends as found in experiments on doped magnetic semiconductors.     

Equations of motion for continuum systems

We construct equations of motion for anN-component continuum. The basic assumption is that the dynamical vector field is the sum of two terms: a conservative term, being a Hamiltonian vector field associated with the energy function of the system; and a dissipative term, being a gradient vector field associated with a family of functions. The resulting equations satisfy the usual conservation laws for continuum systems, and, moreover, reduce to the standard fluid equations when the continuum is a fluid.     

РАДИАЦИОННЫЙ ЗАХВАТ НЕЙТРОНА ЯДРАМИ Sc,Fe, Cu,Mo, Cd и La

, . 20–1000 keV Sc, Fe, Cu, Mo, Cd La.

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The radiative capture of a neutron on Sc, Fe, Cu, Mo, Cd and La nuclei

The energies and intensities of the transitions of a compound nucleus, produced by the capture of a neutron, were measured by means of a single-crystal scintillation spectrometer. The region of energies 20–1000 keV was measured on Sc, Fe, Cu, Mo, Cd and L a nuclei.

     

Summation formulae in the theory of thin films

On the basis of general summation formulae for light reflected and transmitted by a thin film the author derives formulae for a thin dielectric film, for a thin metallic film and for a system of thin dielectric films. This solution is based on Stokes's principle of reversibility, which is the idea unifying the cases into one theory. In conclusion he gives the solution of a general case, dealing with light reflected and transmitted by a system of thin dielectric and metallic films.

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, . , , . , .

     

Homogenität,Kovarianz und Relativität

Zusammenfassung Es werden zwei Begriffe: Homogenität des Raumzeitkontinuums und Kovarianz der Gleichungen, wie sie in der Relativitätstheorie gebraucht werden, definiert und erläutert. Es wird gezeigt, doss die beiden Begriffe wesentlich verschieden sind und in Form nichtäquivalenter mathematischer Bedingungen ihren Ausdruck finden. Trotzdem werden beide Begriffe sowohl von Einstein, als auch in der Literatur über Relativitätstheorie mit einem und demselben Wort Relativität bezeichnet. Der Missgebrauch des Wortes Relativität bedeutet nicht nur einen terminologischen Fehler, sondern spricht auch von einem ungenügenden Verständnis der Grundidee der Relativitätstheorie, besonders der sog. allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Versteht man unter Relativität Homogenität des Raumes, so ist in der sog. allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie überhaupt keine Relativität vorhanden. Versteht man dagegen unter Relativität Kovarianz der Gleichungen, so steckt in jener Theorie nicht mehr Relativität, wie z. B. in den unrelativistischen Bewegungsgleichungen, welche ebensogut eine allgemein-kovariante Formulierung gestatten (Lagrangesche Gleichungen 2-ter Art). Die Bezeichnung allgemeine Relativitätstheorie ist daher irrefuhrend. Die geniale Theorie Einsteins ist eine reine Gravitationstheorie. , No 4, . 131, 1955. (RhilosophischeFragen No 4, S. 131, Moskau 1955. Ins Deutsche über setzt vom Verfasser).     

Polarization of photo-luminescence of ZnS: Cu monocrystals

Different models of luminescence centres are discussed on the basis of measurements of the composition of ZnS monocrystal photo-luminescence in different polarizations and temperature dependence of the degree of polarization. Those of the models submitted by Birman, which assume the polarization to be due to the different force of the oscillators for transitions withEc andEc, or models assuming luminescence polarization to be due to the orientation of the luminescence centres, agree with the results of experiments, i.e. the temperature independence of the degree of polarization and the conformable spectral composition of both polarizations. It is also shown that measurements made up to now of the degree of polarization must be taken as orientational as a consequence of the depolarizing influence of the diffused rays of luminescence on its value.

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ZnS: Cu

ZnS , . , . . , , , E E, , . , , - .